** Trusted Computing Base ( TCB )

* Designing with a Trusted Computing Base ( TCB ) architecture ensures a highly secure & reliable system environment

* Trusted Computing Group

The Trusted Computing Group creates specifications that are meant to address particular requirements of trusted systems, including attestation of configuration and safe storage of sensitive information.

Other significant contributors include Network Associates, Secure Computing Corporation, Trusted Computer Solutions, and Tresys Technology.

# REDIRECT Trusted Computing Group

Trusted Computing ( TC ) is a technology developed and promoted by the Trusted Computing Group.

With Trusted Computing, the computer will consistently behave in expected ways, and those behaviors will be enforced by computer hardware and software.

Trusted Computing proponents such as International Data Corporation, the Enterprise Strategy Group and Endpoint Technologies Associates claim the technology will make computers safer, less prone to viruses and malware, and thus more reliable from an end-user perspective.

In addition, they also claim that Trusted Computing will allow computers and servers to offer improved computer security over that which is currently available.

Chip manufacturers Intel and AMD, hardware manufacturers such as Dell, and operating system providers such as Microsoft all plan to include Trusted Computing in coming generations of products.

They also believe that it may cause consumers to lose anonymity in their online interactions, as well as mandating technologies Trusted Computing opponents say are unnecessary.

They suggest Trusted Computing as a possible enabler for future versions of mandatory access control, copy protection, and digital rights management.

Some security experts have spoken out against Trusted Computing, believing it will provide computer manufacturers and software authors with increased control to impose restrictions on what users are able to do with their computers.

There are concerns that Trusted Computing would have an anti-competitive effect on competition in the IT market.

There is concern amongst critics that it will not always be possible to examine the hardware components on which Trusted Computing relies, the Trusted Platform Module, which is the ultimate hardware system where the core ' root ' of trust in the platform has to reside.

The specifications, as published by the Trusted Computing Group, are open and are available for anyone to review.

Some opponents of Trusted Computing advocate " owner override ": allowing an owner who is confirmed to be physically present to allow the computer to bypass restrictions and use the secure I / O path.

Trusted Computing Group members have refused to implement owner override.

Because a Trusted Computing equipped computer is able to uniquely attest to its own identity, it will be possible for vendors and others who possess the ability to use the attestation feature to zero in on the identity of the user of TC-enabled software with a high degree of certainty.

Apple Computer has begun incorporating a Trusted Platform Module into their Apple Macintosh line of computers, and making use of it in such applications as Rosetta.

Trusted computing aims to create computer hardware which assists in the implementation of such restrictions in software, and attempts to make circumvention of these restrictions more difficult.

In addition, CCS provides solutions for applications with high security requirements such as pay television and Trusted Computing.

In computing, security-evaluated operating systems have achieved certification from an external security-auditing organization, such as a B2 or A1 CSC-STD-001-83 " Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria " or Common Criteria ( CC ) certification.

The Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria ( TCSEC ), the seminal work on the subject which is often referred to as the " Orange Book ", defines MAC as " a means of restricting access to objects based on the sensitivity ( as represented by a label ) of the information contained in the objects and the formal authorization ( i. e., clearance ) of subjects to access information of such sensitivity ".

There is a project to create a labeled version of PostgreSQL, and there are also older labeled-database implementations such as Trusted Rubix.

Lyrically, Rob Aston describes their songs as ranging from topics such as murder (" Quick Death ") to the passing of a loved one (" Sad But True ") to failed friendships (" We Trusted You ").

It is notable for being written before the use of Digital Rights Management technology was widespread ( although DVD video discs which used DRM had appeared the year before, and various proprietary software since the 1970s had made use of some form of copy protection ), and for predicting later hardware-based attempts to restrict how users could use content, such as Trusted Computing.

PLATTER ( Planning Tool for Trusted Electronic Repositories ) is a tool released by DigitalPreservationEurope ( DPE ) to help digital repositories in identifying their self-defined goals and priorities in order to gain trust from the stakeholders.

In addition, they also claim that Trusted Computing will allow computers and servers to offer improved computer security over that which is currently available.

Trusted systems in the context of information theory is based on the definition of trust as ' Trust is that which is essential to a communication channel but cannot be transferred from a source to a destination using that channel ' by Ed Gerck.

In order to trust anything that is authenticated by or encrypted by a TPM or a Trusted computer, therefore, one has to trust the company that made that chip, the company that designed the chip, those companies allowed to make software for the chip, and the ability and interest of those companies to not compromise the process.

Trusted ILLIAC nodes contained onboard FPGAs to enable smart compilers and programming models, system assessment and validation, configurable trust mechanisms, automated fault management, on-line adaptation, and numerous other configurable trust frameworks.

Also see Trusted Computing, an approach under present development that achieves security in general at the potential cost of compelling obligatory trust in corporate and government bodies.

* Carriers are permitted to meet their CALEA obligations through the services of “ Trusted Third Parties ( TTP )” -- that is, they can hire outside companies, which meet security requirements outlined in CALEA, to perform all of the required functions.

Trusted client software is considered fundamentally insecure: once the security is broken by one user, the break is trivially copyable and available to others.

Trusted Computing is seen as harmful or problematic to independent and open source software developers.

The Next-Generation Secure Computing Base ( NGSCB ), formerly known as Palladium, is a software architecture designed by Microsoft which is expected to implement parts of the controversial " Trusted Computing " concept on future versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system.

NGSCB is meant as an implementation of Trusted Computing, its potential uses are therefore similar.

The Trusted Platform Module ( TPM ) is an implementation of a secure cryptoprocessor that brings the notion of trusted computing to ordinary PCs by enabling a secure environment.

Trusted Xenix was a variant developed by Trusted Information Systems which incorporated the Bell-La Padula model of multilevel security, and had a multilevel secure interface for the STU-III secure communications device ( that is, an STU-III connection would only be made available to applications running at the same privilege level as the key loaded in the STU-III ).