At the same time, the Spartakusbund, led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, separated from the USPD again as well to merge with other left wing groups and form the KPD ( Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands, " Communist Party of Germany ").

On December 4, 1920, the left wing of the USPD, with about 400, 000 members, merged into the KPD, forming the VKPD ( Vereinigte Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands, " United Communist Party of Germany "), while the other half of the party, with about 340, 000 members and including three quarters of the 81 Reichstag members, continued under the name USPD ; led by Georg Ledebour and Arthur Crispien, they advocated a parliamentary democracy.

Over time, the political differences between SPD and USPD dwindled, and following the assassination of foreign minister Walther Rathenau by right wing extremists in June 1922, the two parties ' fractions in the Reichstag formed a common working group on July 14, 1922 ; two months later, on September 24, the parties officially merged again after a joint party convention in Nürnberg, adopting the name Vereinigte Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands ( VSPD, " United Social Democratic Party of Germany "), which was shortened again to SPD in 1924.

Aside from SPD and USPD, the catholic Centre Party ( Zentrumspartei ) and several middle-class parties took part, which had established themselves since November: the left-liberal German Democratic Party ( Deutsche Demokratische Partei DDP ), the national-liberal German Peoples Party ( Deutsche Volkspartei DVP ) and the conservative, nationalist German National Peoples Party ( Deutschnationale Volkspartei DNVP ).

* Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands ( KPD ) — Formed out of a number of left-wing groups, including the left wing of the USPD and the Spartacist League.

* Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands ( USPD ) —, " Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany "-left wing faction that had split from the SPD in 1917.

USPD Patei Board on 5 December 1919, Arthur Crispiens, Wilhelm Dittmann Viktor Adler, Richard Lipinski, Wilhelm Bock, Alfred Henke Eduard Bernstein, Fritz Geyer Fritz Zubeil Hugo Haase Fritz Kunert Georg Ledebour Arthur Hagen Emanuel Wurm

USPD Patei Board on 5 December 1919, Arthur Crispien, Wilhelm Dittmann Viktor Adler, Richard Lipinski, Wilhelm Bock, Alfred Henke Eduard Bernstein, Fritz Geyer Fritz Zubeil Hugo Haase Fritz Kunert Georg Ledebour Arthur Hagen Emanuel Wurm

The history of the USPD began on December 21, 1915, members of the SPD fraction in the Reichstag, the German parliament, voted against the authorization of further credits to finance World War I, an incident that emphasized existing tensions between the party's leadership and the left-wing pacifists surrounding Hugo Haase and ultimately led to the expulsion of the group from the SPD fraction on March 24, 1916.

Three months later, on April 6, 1917, the USPD was founded at a conference in Gotha, with Hugo Haase as the party's first chairman ; the Spartakusbund also merged into the newly founded party, but retained relative autonomy.

Following the Januarstreik in January 1918, a strike demanding an end to the war and better food provisioning that was organized by revolutionaries affiliated with the USPD and officially supported by the party, the USPD quickly rose to about 120, 000 members ; despite harsh criticism of the SPD for becoming part of the government of the newly formed German republic during the Oktoberreform, the USPD reached a settlement with the SPD as the Novemberrevolution began, and even became part of the government in the form of the Rat der Volksbeauftragten (" council of people's deputies "), which was formed on November 10, 1918 and mutually led by Friedrich Ebert and Hugo Haase following the German Revolution.

During the elections for the national assembly on January 19, 1919, from which the SPD emerged as the strongest party with 37. 9 % of the votes, the USPD only managed to attract 7. 6 %; nevertheless, the party's strong support for the introduction of a system of councils ( Räterepublik ) instead of a parliamentary democracy attracted many former SPD members, and in spring 1920, the USPD had grown to more than 750, 000 members, managing to increase their share of votes to 17. 9 % during the parliamentary elections on June 6, 1920 and becoming one of the largest fractions in the new Reichstag, second only to the SPD ( 21. 7 %).

The leaders of the USPD and the KPD / Communist Party decided to support this worker-action, appealling for a general strike in Berlin on January 7.

After the SPD leadership under Friedrich Ebert had excluded the opponents of the war from party ranks, the Spartacists joined with so-called " Revisionists " like Eduard Bernstein and Centrists like Karl Kautsky to found the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany ( USPD ) under the leadership of Hugo Haase on 9 April 1917.

As USPD chairman Hugo Haase was in Kiel and the deliberations went on the USPD deputies were unable to reach a decision that day.

In order to snatch the initiative from Ebert they now decided to announce elections for the following day: on that Sunday every Berlin factory and every regiment was to elect workers ' and soldiers ' councils which were then in turn to elect a revolutionary government from members of the 2 labour parties ( SPD and USPD ).

Thus the only result of the Christmas Crisis, which the Spartacists named " Ebert's Bloody Christmas ", was that the Revolutionary Stewards called for a demonstration on Christmas Day and the USPD left the government in protest on 29 December.

The wave was started when on 4 January the government dismissed the chief constable of Berlin, Emil Eichhorn, who was a member of the USPD and who had refused to act against the demonstrating workers in the Christmas Crisis resulting in the USPD, Revolutionary Stewards and the KPD chairmen Karl Liebknecht and Wilhelm Pieck Eichhorn's calling for a demonstration to take place on the following day.

While on Ebert's orders more troops were moving into Berlin, he accepted an offer by the USPD to mediate between him and the Revolutionary Committee.

On the edge of the Leipzig congress of the USPD in December 1919 recorded group photo with members of the National Executive, other prominent party members and the guest delegates of the SDAP Austrian Friedrich Adler ( fourth from left ).

After the violent response to the revolutionary Volksmarinedivision during Christmas 1918, Haase and the two other USPD representatives Wilhelm Dittman and Emil Barth abandoned the government on December 29.

USPD election poster, 1919

Ebert of the SPD and Hugo Haase of the USPD agreed to the first four conditions and he received the appointment arriving in Berlin January 2, 1919.

Upon leaving the service in 1918, Zaisser joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany ( USPD ) and in 1919 returned to Essen, where he became a school teacher.

Gerlach had been close to adherents of a moderate socialism from above, coupled with social reforms ( Kathedersozialisten ), but became member of the SPD in November 1914 and changed to the more radical USPD in the autumn of 1919.

In 1919 he joined the left-wing USPD and a few years later the Communist Party of Germany.

The Haase-led USPD only achieved 7 % of the vote for the Weimar National Assembly on 19 January 1919.

In 1920, four delegates from the USPD attended the 2nd World Congress of the Comintern, Ernst Däumig, Arthur Crispien, Walter Stoecker and Wilhelm Dittmann to discuss participating in the Comintern.

As planned, three members of each socialist party were elected into the " Council of People's Representatives ", from the USPD, their chairman Hugo Haase, the deputy Wilhelm Dittmann and Emil Barth for the Revolutionary Stewards ; from the SPD Ebert, Scheidemann and the Magdeburg deputy Otto Landsberg.

Whilst Däumig and Stoecker agreed with the International's 21 conditions of entry, Crispien and Dittmann opposed them, leading to a controversial debate over joining the Comintern to break out in the USPD ; many members felt that the necessary requirements for joining would lead to a loss of the party's independence and a perceived " dictate from Moscow ", while others, especially younger members such as Ernst Thälmann, argued that only the joining of the Comintern would allow the party to implement its socialist ideals.

The Executive Council was chaired by Richard Müller ( USPD ) and Brutus Molkenbuhr.

Although he had voted for war credits in August 1914, from July 1915 he opposed World War I and in 1917 he was among the founders of the USPD, which united anti-war socialists ( including reformists like Bernstein, " centrists " like Kautsky and revolutionary Marxists like Karl Liebknecht ).

The USPD was continued as an independent party by Georg Ledebour and Theodor Liebknecht, who refused to work with the SPD, but it never attained any significance again and merged into the Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschland ( SAPD, Socialist Workers ' Party of Germany ) in 1931.

Liebknecht was a member of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany ( USPD ), opposed to the merger with the KPD and the joining of the Comintern but also to the reunification of the party with the SPD, he continued the USPD as an independent party with Georg Ledebour until its merger into the Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands ( SAPD, " Socialist Worker's Party of Germany ") in 1931.

The German Socialist Party ( Deutsch-Sozialistische Partei, DSP ) was created in May 1919 as an initiative of Rudolf von Sebottendorf as a child of the Thule society, and its program was based on the ideas of the mechanical engineer Alfred Brunner ( 1881-1936 )-including socialist ideas like the takeover of the financial sector by the state and cutting back the " interest-based economy ".

After many years with the nationalist Deutschsoziale Partei ( DtSP ) founded by von Kunze, and membership of the Stahlhelm in the mid-1920s, he joined the NSDAP and SA on 1 November 1929.

In 1935 the Sudeten German Home Front became the Sudeten German Party ( Sudetendeutsche Partei, SdP ) and embarked on an active propaganda campaign.

In 1994, the weekly newspaper Die Woche ( The Week ) proposed that Bubis run for German president on behalf of the Freie Demokratische Partei ( Free Democratic Party, or FDP ).

Given this historical connection, the Free Democratic Party ( FDP, Freie Demokratische Partei ) was founded on 11 December 1948 in Heppenheim.

During the First Czechoslovak Republic ( 1918 – 1938 ), Carpathian Germans had a specific political party, the Zipser deutsche Partei ( 1920 – 1938 ) of Andor Nitsch, who was elected from 1925 to 1935 on a common Hungarian-German list for parliamentary elections.

Recently a memorial to the Waffen-SS has been erected in Fretterode by someone ( on his private estate ) who is a member of the national executive committee of the NPD ( Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands ), a German fascist party.

Hergenröther was soon called on to answer the pamphlet of Dr. Friedrich Bernhard Ferdinand Michelis, Kirche oder Partei?

For the local elections in autumn 2005 the Pro Patria Union signed a cooperation agreement with two minor parties: Union of Farmers ( Põllumeeste Kogu ) on 6 July 2005 and with Estonian Democratic Party ( Eesti Demokraatlik Partei ) on 12 July 2005.

This is the place were Adolf Hitler gave his first political speech as member of the Deutsche Arbeiter Partei, on October 16, 1919.

In 1994, he joined the Freie Demokratische Partei, the German liberal party, and in 2004 Høyem was elected to serve on the Gemeinderat ( council ) of the city of Karlsruhe.