Under Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 34 ), troops of the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Charles V sacked Papal Rome in 1527, “ raping, killing, burning, stealing, the like had not been seen since the Vandals ”.

Under pressure from King Philip, Pope Clement V disbanded the Order in 1312.

Under Pope Clement III and Pope Celestine III he was treasurer of the Roman Church, notably compiling the Liber Censuum, and served as acting Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church from 1194 until 1198.

Under pressure from Prince Jordan I of Capua, to whom he had also rendered important service, he was elected on 24 May 1086, taking the throne name of Victor III, but his consecration did not take place until 9 May 1087 owing to the presence of the Antipope Clement III in Rome.

* July 21 – Under the pressure of the Bourbon courts, Pope Clement XIV suppresses the Society of Jesus ( brief Dominus ac Redemptor ).

Under the Constitution of the United Kingdom, the Prime Minister's role has evolved, based often on the individual's personal appeal and strength of character, as contrasted between, for example, Winston Churchill as against Clement Attlee, Margaret Thatcher as against John Major.

" Under Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 34 ) he became Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and dean of the College of Cardinals, and on the death of Clement VII in 1534, was elected as Pope Paul III.

Under these circumstances, the papal nuncio to France recommended that Clement IX seek a peaceful accommodation with the Jansenists.

Under pressure from Philip IV, Pope Clement V ordered the arrest of all the Templars throughout Christendom.

Under Popes Clement VI, Innocent VI and Urban V, the building was expanded to form what is now known as the Palais Neuf.

Under the command of Pope Clement VII, Guicciardini was assigned the task of punishing the Florentine citizens for their resistance to the Medici, dealing out justice mercilessly to those who had opposed the will of the Pope.

Under Henry IV, philo-imperial prelates, including Clement III, favored ecclesiastical reform, albeit with ideas about the pope ’ s authority over other bishops, the emperor ’ s proper role in Church affairs, and related issues that contrasted with the ideas of the Gregorian party ( often called the " reform party ," somewhat inappropriately, given that both parties favored reform ).

Under pressure from the Roman curia to adopt Latin rite practices, Patriarch Clement Bahouth introduced the Gregorian calendar used by the Latin and Maronite Rite in 1857 ; that act caused serious problems within the Melkite church, resulting in a short-lived schism.

Under heavy influence from Philip IV of France, Pope Clement V had the order annihilated throughout France and most of Europe on charges of heresy, but King Denis of Portugal, who found that the Order's assets should for their nature stay in any given Order instead of being taken by the King, re-instituted the Templars of Tomar as the Order of Christ, largely for their aid during the Reconquista and in the reconstruction of Portugal after the wars.

Under the leadership of Cardinal Wolsey ( the Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor ) and Thomas Cranmer ( the Archbishop of Canterbury ) ( 1515-1529 ), the Court of Star Chamber became a political weapon for bringing actions against opponents to the policies of King Henry VIII, his Ministers and his Parliament.

Under his son, Henry VIII of England, the Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542 were passed, integrating Wales with England in legal terms, abolishing the Welsh legal system, and banning the Welsh language from any official role or status, but it did for the first time define the England-Wales border and allowed members representing constituencies in Wales to be elected to the English Parliament.

Under Basil II Romanos served as judge, and under Constantine VIII he became urban prefect of Constantinople.

Under the heading " Adam " the author of the lexicon ( which a prefatory note states to be " by Suidas ") gives a brief chronology of the world, ending with the death of the emperor John I Tzimiskes ( 975 ), and under Constantinople his successors Basil II ( 976-1025 ) and Constantine VIII ( 1025 – 1028 ) are mentioned.

Lord Twining stated that: Under Boniface VIII ( 1294-1303 ) the hood of the regnum was lengthened and the circlet was greatly enriched with precious stones, while toward the end of his papacy a second circlet was added.

Under Henry VIII the great religious houses were dissolved, 1536 – 41 ; in Co. Wexford this included Glascarrig Priory, Clonmines Priory, Tintern Abbey, and Dunbrody Abbey.

* Ecclesiastical Memorials, Relating Chiefly to Religion, and the Reformation of It, and the Emergencies of the Church of England, Under King Henry VIII, King Edward VI, and Queen Mary I by John Strype ( Clarendon Press, 1822 ): Vol.

Under Urban VIII, a central seminary ( the Collegium urbanum ) was set up for training missionaries.

Under King Henry VIII, the 6 Articles prohibited the marriage of clergy and this continued until the Articles were repealed by Edward VI in 1547, thus opening the way for Anglican priests to marry for the first time.

Under Andronikos II Palaiologos, son of Michael VIII, Nikephoros renewed the alliance with Constantinople.

Under the first Palaiologan emperor, Michael VIII, the army's role took an increasingly offensive role whilst the naval forces of the Empire, weakened since the days of Andronikos I Komnenos, were boosted to include thousands of skilled sailors and some 80 ships.

Under Title VIII, Subsistence Management And Use, Alaska Natives and other rural residents were granted hunting and fishing rights when fish and game are not under outside threat.

Under Henry VIII the Troop of Gentlemen varied in size, according to funding available.

Under King Henry VIII, the Tudor conquest of Ireland included the establishment of the Kingdom of Ireland in 1541-42.

Under his influence Pope John VIII changed his mind: in a letter, known for its incipit, Industriae tuae, although the pope repeated that mass in Latin was to be sung whenever requested, that is for Svatopluk and his court, he also allowed the use of Slavonic liturgy.

Under Fliegerkorps VIII, von Richthofen assembled six Kampfgruppen ( Bomber Groups ) from six Kampfgeschwader ( Bomber Wings ); KG 51, KG 76, KG 100 and III ./ LG 1.

Under Section 5 ( 1 ), Article VIII of the Constitution, these are “ cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and over petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and corpus ”.

Under the mandate of the so-called “ July package ”, Members are directed to clarify and improve GATT Article V ( Freedom of Transit ), Article VIII ( Fees and Formalities connected with Importation and Exportation ), and Article X ( Publication and Administration of Trade Regulations ).

Under this gimmick, he faced Shawn Michaels in the opening bout of WrestleMania VIII at the Hoosier Dome in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Under king Henry VIII, the English navy used several kinds of vessels that were adapted to local needs.

Under these circumstances Charles of Anjou was forced to sign a truce with Michael VIII in 1276.

Under the Suharto regime, vice-governor Sri Paku Alam VIII, prince of the subordinate enclave of Paku Alaman within Yogyakarta was instead ( controversially ) elevated to the position of governor.

Under his command were the VIII Armeekorps led by Albert Gyulai and the IX Armeekorps headed by Albert's brother Ignaz Gyulai.

In 2009 the Massey High School 1st VIII won the Auckland Under 85 kg rugby league title after finishing runners up in 2008.

Under Akhenaten's successors Egypt reverted to its traditional religion, and Akhenaten himself came to be reviled as a heretic.

Under Tiberius, the Larinum decree ( 19 CE ) reiterated the laws which Augustus himself had waived.

Under California law a vexatious litigant is someone who does any of the following, most of which require that the litigant be proceeding pro se, i. e., representing himself:

* September 2 – Under the guidance of Dr Humphry Osmond, Christopher Mayhew ingests 400 mg of mescaline hydrochloride and allows himself to be filmed as part of a Panorama special for BBC TV that was never broadcast.

Under Durant's guidance the company was charging Union Pacific often twice or more the customary cost for track work ( thus in effect paying himself to build the railroad ).

Under the pretext of rescuing the young Jianwen from corrupting officials, Zhu Di personally led forces in the revolt ; the palace in Nanjing was burned to the ground, along with Jianwen himself, his wife, mother, and courtiers.

Under the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of 1951, a refugee is more narrowly defined ( in Article 1. A. 2 ) as a person who " owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country ".

On 26 November 1864 he gave Alice the handwritten manuscript of Alice's Adventures Under Ground, with illustrations by Dodgson himself, dedicating it as " A Christmas Gift to a Dear Child in Memory of a Summer's Day ".

Under a rule forbidding distribution of the joint possessive, writing " Jason and Sue's children than " Jason's and Sue's children " died in the crash " eliminates the implication that Jason lost children of whom Sue was not the mother, but it introduces ambiguity as to whether Jason himself was killed.

Under Prime Minister David Lloyd George, however, from 1918 onwards, the powers of the office increased, as Lloyd George unilaterally claimed for himself powers that had previously belonged to the Cabinet collectively, including, most dramatically, the right to seek a parliamentary dissolution.

Under Fisher's guidance, his patroness Lady Margaret founded St John's and Christ's Colleges at Cambridge, and a Lady Margaret Professorship of Divinity at each of the two universities at Oxford and Cambridge, Fisher himself becoming the first occupant of the Cambridge chair.

Under the new King Percy had extensive civil and military responsibility in both the east march and in north Wales, where he found himself under increasing pressure as a result of the rebellion of Owain Glyn Dŵr.

Under the scientific supervision of Thomson himself, she travelled nearly surveying and exploring.

Under this interpretation, Poe is seeking refuge from the dangers of the outside world, and his portrayal of himself as the only person willing to confront the stranger is emblematic of Poe's rush towards inescapable dangers in his own life.

Under Boulez the orchestra recorded mostly twentieth century music – works by Bartók, Berg, Schoenberg and Boulez himself, and also Berlioz.

Under the guidance of trainers Danny McEntee and Frank Mulligan he rapidly established himself as an exceptional boxer.

Under Rufus, he continued to hold the king's seal, and also became involved in the financial administration of the kingdom, where he quickly made a name for himself by his novel methods of raising revenue.

" Under article 3 Prince Albert agreed "... for himself and his successors the commitment assumed towards the French Government not to alienate the Principality, in whole or in part, in favour of any Power other than France.

Under the Abbasids, the caliph himself no longer preached, but assigned the task to the religious judges.

Under the Zogist constitution, the King of the Albanians, like the King of the Belgians, exercised Royal powers only after taking an oath before Parliament ; Zog himself swore an oath on the Bible and the Qur ' an ( the king being Muslim ) in an attempt to unify the country.

Under the pressure of the events that led to the Mineriads, his political stance has veered with time: from a proponent of the Perestroika, Iliescu adopted a social democratic position, aligning himself with the Western European political spectrum.

Under the guise of authenticité, the new movement promoted Africanization: the capital of Fort-Lamy was renamed N ' Djamena and Tombalbaye himself changed his given name from François to Ngarta.

Under the administration of the Danish prime minister Count Bernstorff, himself from Schleswig, many reforms were carried out in the duchies, for example, abolition of torture and of serfdom ; at the same time Danish laws and coinage were introduced, and Danish was made the official language for communication with Copenhagen.

Under its second headmaster, Weisse ( who renamed himself Whitehouse when World War I started ), a small incident caused a big and lasting effect on the area.