Under the guise of idealism giving way to realism, German nationalism rapidly shifted from its liberal and democratic character in 1848 to Prussian prime minister Otto von Bismarck's authoritarian Realpolitik.

Under the protocol signed on 7 May 1832 between Bavaria and the protecting Powers, and basically dealing with the way in which the Regency was to be managed until Otto reached his majority ( while also concluding the second Greek loan, for a sum of £ 2, 400, 000 sterling ), Greece was defined as an independent kingdom, with the Arta-Volos line as its northern frontier.

Stormtroops Advancing Under Gas, etching and aquatint by Otto Dix, 1924

Under the threat of violence, on 25 November 1934 rector Otto Grosser ( 1873 – 1951 ) handed over the insigniae.

Under the Diploma Ottonianum issued by Otto I, the Emperor could only veto papal candidates.

Under Otto the Great's reign, Denmark fulfilled all of its obligations and regularly paid tribute to the Germans.

Under Otto II, Pandulf added the Principality of Salerno in 978 to the Empire.

Under Otto von Bismarck, the anti-Catholic Kulturkampf in Prussia led to massive reprisals against the Church.

Under Sullivan, a reluctant and ineffectual principal, the NTSM failed to provide a satisfactory alternative to the Royal Academy, and by 1880 a committee of examiners comprising Charles Hallé, Sir Julius Benedict, Sir Michael Costa, Henry Leslie and Otto Goldschmidt reported that the school lacked " executive cohesion ".

Under the impact of a meeting with Otto Hahn ( who has been called the " father of nuclear chemistry ") in July 1954, Niemöller became an ardent pacifist and campaigner for nuclear disarmament.

* After 1200: Under the grandsons of Albert the Bear, Otto and Johann, two towns, Cölln in 1237 and Berlin in 1244, were founded on the banks of the river Spree.

Under support from the British and the initiative of Portugal, Otto von Bismarck, German Chancellor, called on representatives of Austria – Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway ( union until 1905 ), the Ottoman Empire, and the United States to take part in the Berlin Conference to work out policy.

The Senate's lead counsel Ferdinand Pecora wrote on page 293 in his 1939 memoir Wall Street Under Oath about Otto Kahn: " No suaver, more fluent, and more diplomatic advocate could be conceived.

Under the management of Otto Schubert from 1922 – 1946, the hotel grew to national prominence.

Under German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck renewed Germanisation policies began, such as an increase of police forces, a colonization commission, and the Kulturkampf.

Under his own name, Otto wrote for the Captain Marvel line of comic books published by Fawcett Comics ( 1941-1953 ).

Under Otto ( Otto II ) in 1243, the long-running conflict with the Archbishopric of Cologne was settled, and he received Fürstenberg and Stahlberg Castles as additional fiefs.

Stormtroopers Advancing Under Gas, etching and aquatint by Otto Dix from Der Krieg, 1924

Stormtroops Advancing Under Gas, etching and aquatint by Otto Dix, 1924

Under the protocol signed on May 7, 1832 between Bavaria and the protecting Powers, and basically dealing with the way in which the Regency was to be managed until Otto reached his majority ( while also concluding the second Greek loan, for a sum of £ 2, 400, 000 sterling ), Greece was defined as an independent kingdom, with the Arta-Volos line as its northern frontier.

Under King Otto in 1836, he became Minister of Naval Affairs and later served as Prime Minister of Greece from December 24, 1849 until May 28, 1854.

Under Emperor Frederick I, the rebuilding work on the castle continued until 1180 and was completed by Emperor Otto IV, who died in 1218 at the castle itself.

Under Otto IV ’ s auspices, Gervase married ( which bought him a palace ) and was made judge of the Court of Provence and Marshal of Arles.

Under Sargon and his successors, Akkadian language was briefly imposed on neighboring conquered states such as Elam.

Under Akhenaten's successors Egypt reverted to its traditional religion, and Akhenaten himself came to be reviled as a heretic.

Under Æthelstan's successors Edmund and Eadred the English kings repeatedly lost and regained control of Northumbria.

Under the rules of Hammurabi's successors, the Babylonian Empire was weakened by military pressure from the Hittites, who sacked Babylon around 1531 BC ( short ).

Under Chandragupta and his successors, internal and external trade, agriculture and economic activities, all thrived and expanded across India thanks to the creation of a single and efficient system of finance, administration, and security.

Under the successors of Alexander, it enjoyed relative autonomy and organized games and competitions in which the greatest athletes of the region participated.

Under the Umayyad's successors, the Abbasids ( 750-1258 ), Jordan was neglected and began to languish due to the geo-political shift that occurred when the Abassids moved their capital from Damascus to Kufa and later to Baghdad.

Under Clovis ' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized.

Under the heading " Adam " the author of the lexicon ( which a prefatory note states to be " by Suidas ") gives a brief chronology of the world, ending with the death of the emperor John I Tzimiskes ( 975 ), and under Constantinople his successors Basil II ( 976-1025 ) and Constantine VIII ( 1025 – 1028 ) are mentioned.

Under his sons, Ulrich II and Eberhard I, and their successors, the power of the family grew steadily.

" Under article 3 Prince Albert agreed "... for himself and his successors the commitment assumed towards the French Government not to alienate the Principality, in whole or in part, in favour of any Power other than France.

Under his successors, it expanded into a big State, touching the Shivaliks in north, Rajasthan in the south and upper courses of the Jamuna and the Sutlej.

Under Dayan Khan or his successors, the Eastern Mongols compelled the Barga to surrender.

Under most systems, only persons in the first category are dynasts, that is, potential successors to the throne ( unless the member of the latter category is also in line to the throne in their own right, a frequent occurrence in royal families which frequently intermarry ).

Under Constantine's successors, the title was also established at a territorial level: magistri peditum and magistri equitum were appointed for every praetorian prefecture ( per Gallias, per Italiam, per Illyricum, per Orientem ), and, in addition, for Thrace and, sometimes, Africa.

Under Gilman and his successors, this orphanage was later changed to serve as an orphanage and training school for black female orphans principally as domestic workers, and next as an " orthopedic convalescent " home and school for " colored crippled " children and orphans.

Under his orders and those of his successors, particularly the Count of Blénac, the fort was built with a Vauban design.

( Under each of his successors, the bank's name has changed: George Moore shortened it to " First National City Bank " and formed a holding company, First National City Corp .; under Walter B. Wriston these became " Citibank " and " Citicorp "; under John Reed the firm merged with Travelers Group to become Citigroup.

Under Sigfrid ’ s successors, the county of Guînes acquired considerable importance.

Under Constantine I, the office was much reduced in power and transformed into a purely civilian administrative post, while under his successors, territorially-defined praetorian prefectures emerged as the highest-level administrative division of the Empire.

Under Chandragupta and his successors, internal and external trade, agriculture and economic activities, all thrived and expanded across India thanks to the creation of a single and efficient system of finance, administration, and security.

Under Ibrahim and his successors saw a period of sustained tranquility for the empire.

Under his rule and those of his two successors, Kaykaus I and Kayqubad I, Seljuq power in Anatolia reached its apogee.

Under the successors of Salih ibn Tarif, Ilyas ibn Salih ( CE 792-842 ); Yunus ( CE 842-888 ) and Abu Ghufail ( CE 888 – 913 ) the tribal kingdom was consolidated, and missions sent to neighbouring tribes.