Under the Empire, Roman colonies and cities often had officials with powers similar to those of the republican aediles, although their powers widely varied.

Under the first republican Constitution, the unicameral legislature was known as the National State Assembly.

Under the 1976 republican Constitution, the British monarch was replaced as head of state by a President chosen by an electoral college composed of the members of the bicameral Parliament, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Under its two presidents, Francesc Macià ( 1931 – 1933 ) and Lluís Companys ( 1934 – 1939 ), the republican Generalitat carried out a considerable task, despite the serious economic crisis, its social repercussions and the political vicissitudes of the period, including its suspension in 1934, due to an uprising in Barcelona in October that year.

Under former Prime Minister Howard, a monarchist, the government initiated a process to settle the republican debate, involving a constitutional convention and a referendum.

Under the Constitution of the Italian Republic, the republican form of government cannot be changed by constitutional amendment, thus forbidding any attempt to restore the monarchy.

Under the guidance of figures such as Cathal Goulding and Sean Garland, the leadership of both Sinn Féin and the IRA sought to shift their emphasis away from the traditional republican goal of a 32 County Irish Republic redeemed ( since Republicans regard the republic declared in 1916 as still in existence and the Anglo-Irish Treaty as invalid ) by military action and concentrate more on socialism and civil rights related activities.

Under the Empire he was conspicuous in the republican opposition and opposed the war with Prussia, and after the fall of Napoleon III became a member of the Government of National Defence.

Under the republican regime he regained a leading political role, being appointed prime minister three times between and occupying the distinguished ministerial portfolios.

Under the Treaty, procedures were set in place to merge the republican and British systems.

Under Nicolo ' Morosini ( 1336 ) the dispute between the clergy and republican government concerning the mortuary tithes was settled, though it began afresh under Paolo Foscari in 1367, only to end in 1376.

Under Article 139, the republican form of government cannot be reviewed.

Under the Weimar Republic, Meinecke was an Vernunftsrepublikaner ( republican by reason ), someone who supported the republic as the least bad alternative.

Under the new government after the Revolution, " republican motherhood " became an ideal, as exemplified by Abigail Adams and Mercy Otis Warren.

Under the republican Constitution, the President of the Senate was to act as State President whenever that office was vacant, or if a state president was unable to perform his duties.

Under Devoy's leadership, the Clan na Gael became the most important Irish republican organization in the United States and Ireland.

Under the direction of Nebuchadnezzar II, Babylonian armies exiled three thousand Jews from Judah, deposing King Jehoiachin in 597 BCE.

Under Thutmose III ( 1479 – 1426 BC ) and Amenhotep II ( 1427 – 1400 BC ), the regular presence of the strong hand of the Egyptian ruler and his armies kept the Amorites and Canaanites sufficiently loyal.

Under Hajjaj, Arab armies put down the revolt of Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash ' ath in Iraq from 699 to 701, and also took most of Turkestan.

Under the Tang, the Zhuang moved to support Piluoge's kingdom of Southern Zhao ( Nanzhao ) in Yunnan which successfully repulsed imperial armies in 751 and 754.

Under his command were two armies: to the left, on the western side of Italy was U. S. Fifth Army and to the right, on the eastern side was British 8th Army.

Under the Tang, the Zhuang moved to support the Tai kingdom of Southern Zhao ( Nanzhao ) in Yunnan which successfully repulsed imperial armies in 751 and 754.

Under feudalism, the nobility owned most of the land and enforced law and order through their private armies.

Under his rule, Egyptian armies pushed south into Nubia as far as the second cataract, building a border fort at Buhen and incorporating all of lower Nubia as an Egyptian colony.

Under the agreement with Chiang, CPC armies were reorganised into 8th Route Army, and Liu was appointed commander of the 129th Division, one of its three divisions.

Under their agreement, Coloman took hostages ( including Godfrey's brother, Baldwin, who would become the first king of Jerusalem ) and he mustered his own army to guard the progress ; therefore the Crusader armies passed through the kingdom peacefully.

Under Nizam's guidance the Seljuq armies contained the Ghaznavids in Khorasan, rolled back the Fatimids in Syria, defeated the Seljuq pretenders to the throne, invaded Georgia and reduced it to a tributary state, compelled the submission of regional governors, and kept the Abassid Caliphs in a position of impotence.

Under Zizka's leadership, his armies stormed castles, monasteries, churches, and villages, expelling the Catholic clergy, expropriating ecclesiastical lands or accepting conversions.

Under cover of fire and smoke spewing forth from Ered Engrin, the Mountains of Iron, Morgoth sent forth an Orc-host against Dorthonion flanked east and west by armies of numerous small bands of Orcs.

Under his leadership and magic powered by death, the Valheru were briefly freed again upon Midkemia, only to be immediately imprisoned within the Lifestone due to the combined efforts of Milamber ( as Pug is also known ), Arutha, Tomas / Ashen-Shugar, Macros, Hochopepa, Elhagar, Dolgan ( and his armies ), Black Guy ( and his Hadati refugees ), Amos Trask, Squires Jimmy and Locklear, Duke Martin, the hadati Baru ( who killed Murmandamus ' general in ' Silverthorn '), Duke Laurie, Galain ( and his small elven host ), the Sethanon Garrison, a greater dragon Ryath, and several other prominent characters.

Under the nom de guerre " Michael Stone ", he arrived in Palestine in January 1948, facing the Arab armies surrounding the soon-to-be declared State of Israel.

Under Witherings ’ organisation a public postal service was established with post offices connected by regular routes established, throughout the country, along the lines of communication used by the Tudor armies.

Under feudalism, the nobility owned most of the land and enforced law and order through their private armies.

Under the command of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the Zaporozhian Cossacks allied with the Crimean Tatars and local peasantry and fought several battles against the armies and paramilitary forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Under Terauchi's command were four corps-equivalent armies, comprising ten divisions and three combined arms brigades, including the 14th Army.

Under the royal family, the nobility administered the government, led the armies, and governed large population centres.

Under Plan XVII, the French offensive against the German centre through the lower Ardennes was to involve the Third, Fourth and Fifth French armies, but by the time the offensive was due to start Plan XVII was beginning to crumble.

Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel, the dux et princeps Francorum was the commander of the armies of the kingdom, in addition to his administrative duties as mayor of the palace, and specifically commander of the standing guard which Charles Martel had begun maintaining year-round since the Battle of Toulouse in 721.

Under the influence of marijuana the beatnik comes alive within and experiences a wonderfully enhanced sense of self as if he had discovered the open sesame to the universe of being.

Under these conditions a new generation of Europeans began to discover the bonds of long association and shared values that for so long had been subordinated to nationalist xenophobia.

Under the trees, there was a dead redcoat, a young boy with a pasty white skin and a face full of pimples, who had taken a rifle ball directly between the eyes.

Under the circumstances, I had difficulty keeping up with the conversation on the phone, but when I hung up I was reasonably certain that Francesca had wanted to remind me of our town meeting the next evening, and how important it was that Hank and I be there.

Under normal circumstances Casey was a little fussy when people told him what to do with pictures he had taken.

Under normal circumstances, he had a certain bright-eyed all-American-boy charm, with great appeal for young ladies, old ladies, and dogs.

Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy.

Under Pericles, in 450 BC, restrictions were tightened so that a citizen had to be born from citizen parentage on both sides.

Under Clinton, the United States had a projected federal budget surplus for the first time since 1969.

Under the spell, king Högni and king Heðinn battled for one hundred and forty-three years, as soon as they fell down they had to stand up again and fight on.

Under the Labour government of James Callaghan, a review by Lord Beswick had led to the reprieve of the so-called ' Beswick plants ', for social reasons, but subsequent governments were obliged under EU rules to withdraw subsidies.

Under the latest such decree, president Turbay had implemented security policies that, though of some military value against the M-19 in particular, were considered highly questionable both inside and outside Colombian circles due to numerous accusations of military human rights abuses against suspects and captured guerrillas.

Under Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 34 ), troops of the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Charles V sacked Papal Rome in 1527, “ raping, killing, burning, stealing, the like had not been seen since the Vandals ”.

Under the influence of the Enlightenment, many mainstream denominations had relegated spiritual healing to the realm of a one-time dispensation rather than a modern practice.

Under Palmer, the team advanced to the playoffs for the first time since 1990 in the 2005 season, which also was the first time the team had a winning percentage above. 500 since 1990.

Under previous general manager Gebhard, the Rockies had largely neglected their farm system and mostly relied on signing veteran free agents from other clubs ; this was possible due to the high attendance numbers in the club's first few years of attendance.

Under Khrushchev, an investigation into the matter concluded that the Central Committee had lost its ruling function under Stalin ; from 1929 onwards all decisions in the Central Committee were taken unanimously.

Under Gorbachev, relatively young, reform-oriented technocrats, who had begun their careers in the heyday of " de − Stalinization " under Nikita Khrushchev ( 1958 – 1964 ), rapidly consolidated power within the CPSU, providing new momentum for political and economic liberalization, and the impetus for cultivating warmer relations and trade with the West.

Under central planning neither planners, managers, nor workers had incentives to promote the social economic interest.

Under the governance of the jurists Gregorius, Aurelius Arcadius Charisius, and Hermogenianus, the imperial government began issuing official books of precedent, collecting and listing all the rescripts that had been issued from the reign of Hadrian ( r. 117 – 38 ) to the reign of Diocletian.

Under such a system, a servicemember found to be gay but who had not committed any sexual acts while in service would tend to receive an undesirable discharge.

Under his initiative and supervision several smaller crusades had already been conducted in Estonia.

After uneven commercial success in the late 1970s, Bowie had UK number ones with the 1980 single " Ashes to Ashes ", its parent album Scary Monsters ( and Super Creeps ), and " Under Pressure ", a 1981 collaboration with Queen.