Under the Berne Convention, copyrights for creative works do not have to be asserted or declared, as they are automatically in force at creation: an author need not " register " or " apply for " a copyright in countries adhering to the Berne Convention.

Under the Nordic Language Convention, citizens of the Nordic countries speaking Danish have the opportunity to use their native language when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable for any interpretation or translation costs.

Under some conventions – e. g. the European Convention on Human Rights – individuals or states are permitted, subject to certain conditions, to take individual cases to the enforcement mechanisms ; under most, however ( e. g. the UN conventions ), individual access is contingent on the acceptance of that right by the relevant state party, either by a declaration at the time of ratification or accession, or through ratification of or accession to an optional protocol to the convention.

Under the terms of article 2 of the European Convention of Human Rights, governments are required to " establish a framework of laws, precautions, procedures and means of enforcement which will, to the greatest extent reasonably practicable, protect life.

Under Appendix I of CITES ( the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species ), commercial trade of skins or specimens is illegal.

Under the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, a papal nuncio is an ambassador like those from any other country.

Under control of the effectively dictatorial Committee, the Convention quickly enacted more legislation.

Under the Second Protocol of the Universal Copyright Convention ( Paris text ), protection under U. S. Copyright Law is expressly required for works published by the United Nations, by U. N. specialized agencies and by the Organization of American States.

Under the auspices of The UN Convention on Climate Change the Kyoto Protocol ( aimed at combating global warming ) entered into force on February 16, 2005.

Under Protocol no. 11 of the Convention, effective since 1 November 1998, the Court became full-time and the European Commission of Human Rights was abolished.

Under the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of 1951, a refugee is more narrowly defined ( in Article 1. A. 2 ) as a person who " owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country ".

Under their leadership, the city experienced extensive urban renewal and new constructions were undertaken ( Convention centre, theatres, new thoroughfares and expressways, etc.

Under this Convention, any toxic chemical, regardless of its origin, is considered a chemical weapon unless it is used for purposes that are not prohibited ( an important legal definition known as the General Purpose Criterion ).

Under the Basic Law the president was to be elected by a specially convened body called the Federal Convention ( Bundesversammlung ) to serve a five-year term.

Under the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, which was adopted and signed in 2002, National armed forces can accept volunteers into their armed forces below the age of 18, but " States Parties shall take all feasible measures to ensure that members of their armed forces who have not attained the age of 18 years do not take a direct part in hostilities ".

Under the 1911 Act, money bills ( those concerning finance ) cannot be delayed, and under the Salisbury Convention, the Lords cannot delay any bills set out in the governing party's manifesto.

* Under the Berne Convention

Under the Sugar Protocol to the Lome Convention, nineteen ACP countries export sugar to the EU, and will be affected by price reductions on the EU market.

Under international law, the training, recruiting and use of mercenary forces is prohibited .< ref > International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries, 4 December 1989 < ref >.

Under the definition of a regicide in common usage in England, there have been two other such events since 1649: the execution of Louis XVI of France in 1793, after sentence of death by the National Convention and Maximilian I of Mexico in 1867 by a Mexican court-martial.

Under both the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention and the 1997 Chemical Weapons Convention, ricin is listed as a schedule 1 controlled substance.

Under the terms of the 1898 Second Convention of Peking, the New Territories and 200 smaller islands including Cheung Chau were leased to the United Kingdom for 99 years.

Under certain conditions ( normally cool, damp soil ), bodies may undergo saponification and develop a waxy substance called adipocere, caused by the action of soil chemicals on the body's proteins and fats.

Under pressure of the released gases, the valve is forced closed, and the chemicals are expelled explosively through openings at the tip of the abdomen.

Under conditions of rapid fat utilization, such as migratory stress or initiation of flight by juveniles, residue mobilization of harmful chemicals may occur, causing mortality .< ref > Sasse, D. B., R. L.

Under this definition many thousands of chemicals can be subject to reporting requirements if a facility manufactures, processes, or stores them in certain amounts.

Under the Ninth Five-Year Plan and Ten-year Outline, the zone will be further opened to the outside and encourage foreign investment in the following industries: electricity, machinery and electronics, instruments, textiles, printing, new building materials, new materials, new energy resources, fine chemicals, food processing, flowers, greenhouse vegetables, tourist facilities, commercial facilities and the animal industry.

Under this assumption the space group must be Af and the following are the positions of the atoms in the unit cell.

Under the auspices of the Outing Club, Dartmouth also has the Mountaineering Club, which takes on tough climbs like Mount McKinley, and Bait & Bullet, whose interests are self-evident, and even sports a Woodman's Team, which competes with other New England colleges in wood sawing and chopping, canoe races, and the like.

Under the new offering, only $60 million in debentures are convertible into 923,076 common shares.

Under this law annual grants are given to systems in substantial amounts.

Under these schemes, authors are paid a fee for the number of copies of their books in educational and / or public libraries.

Under instructions from the emperor, he undertook an invasion of southern Scotland, winning some significant victories, and constructing the Antonine Wall from the Firth of Forth to the Firth of Clyde, although it was soon abandoned for reasons that are still not quite clear.

Under 28 USC 3, when the Chief Justice is unable to discharge his functions, or that office is vacant, his duties are carried out by the most senior Associate Justice until the disability or the vacancy ends.

The last words of the poem " On Wenlock Edge " are used by Audrey R. Langer for the title of the 1989 novel Ashes Under Uricon.

Under the new rule, when any runner is thrown out, and the other ( s ) are successful, the successful runners will not be credited with a stolen base.

Under current United States law, bio-agents which have been declared by the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services or the U. S. Department of Agriculture to have the " potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety " are officially defined as " select agents ".

Under the rules, the two basic states of play during a game are ball in play and ball out of play.

Under his command, a modern update of the doctrinal system called Bewegungskrieg (" maneuver warfare ") and its associated leadership system called Auftragstaktik (" mission tactics "; i. e., units are assigned missions ; local commanders decide how to achieve those missions ) was developed, which was a critical advantage and a major reason for the success of blitzkrieg.

Under English law, successive versions of Table A have reinforced the norm that, unless the directors are acting contrary to the law or the provisions of the Articles, the powers of conducting the management and affairs of the company are vested in them.

Under Pope Benedict XVI's motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, Roman Catholic bishops, priests, and deacons are again permitted to use the 1962 edition of the Roman Breviary, promulgated by Pope John XXIII to satisfy their obligation to recite the Divine Office every day.

Under the influence of the Chicago Boys the Pinochet regime made of Chile a leading country in establishing neoliberal policies which are commonly attributed to have lifted the country to become one of the richest in Latin America.

Under unspecific or impersonal coercion the conditional threats come from well-known and socially accepted general rules and – rather than any individual or sub-group – and are directed against anybody in the stated conditions, according to clearly stated principles of due process.

Under American jurisprudence, acts of contempt are divided into two types.

Under the current qualifying process, the World Cricket League, all 91 Associate and Affiliate members of the ICC are able to qualify for the World Cup.

# Under certain conditions, involving primarily complete absence of threat to the self structure, experiences which are inconsistent with it may be perceived and examined, and the structure of self revised to assimilate and include such experiences.

Under the more recent Angiosperm Phylogeny Group ( APG II ) system, the circumscription of the order is much the same but the families are circumscribed differently.

Under the APG II definition some well-known members of Dipsacales are honeysuckle, elder, viburnum, and valerian.

Under exceptional circumstances, a redive may be granted, but these are exceedingly rare ( usually for very young divers just learning how to compete, or if some event outside the diver's control has caused them to be unable to perform ).

Under normal circumstances, people entering into such transactions are risk-averse, that is to say that they are prepared to accept a lower expected return for the sake of avoiding risk.