Under Saladin and the Ayyubids of Egypt, the power of the mamluks increased until they claimed the sultanate in 1250, ruling as the Mamluk Sultanate.

Under Mamluk rule, Nablus possessed running water, many Turkish bathes and exported olive oil and soap to Egypt, Syria, the Hejaz, several Mediterranean islands, and the Arabian Desert.

Under the name Al-Kabrah, it was mentioned as part of the domain of the Crusaders during the hudna between the Crusaders based in Acre and the Mamluk sultan al-Mansur ( Qalawun ) in 1283.

" Under Mamluk rule, in 1226, Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi describes az-Zeeb as a large village on the coast whose name was also pronounced " az-Zaib ".

Under Mamluk rule, Beit She ' an was the principal town in the district of Damascus and a relay station for the postal service between Damascus and Cairo.

Under the Sultan Timurbugha, finally, Qaitbay was appointed atabak, or field marshal of the entire Mamluk army.

Under the name Tusyan, probably a corruption of Busenan, Abu Snan was mentioned as part of the domain of the Crusaders during the hudna between the Crusaders based in Acre and the Mamluk sultan al-Mansur ( Qalawun ) declared in 1283.

Under the Sultanate of Malacca the language evolved into a form recognizable to speakers of modern Malay.

Under the Delhi Sultanate ( 1206 – 1527 ), permission had to be sought from the widow prior to any practice of sati as a check against compulsion.

Under Baiju in the 1240s and 1250s, the Mongols retained their power in what is roughly modern-day Iran, and tolerated the independence of the Sultanate, Georgia, and petty states in Iran as clients, interfering with dynastic succession and extracting tribute militarily as necessary.

Under the Rashidun each region ( Sultanate, Wilayah, or Emirate ) of the Caliphate had its own governor ( Sultan, Wāli or Emir ).

Under the Ottomans, Cairo expanded south and west from its nucleus around the Citadel.

Under Al-Muizz Lideenillah, the Fatimids entered Egypt ( may refer Fatimid Egypt ) in the late 10th century, conquering the Ikhshidid dynasty, and founding a new capital at al-Qāhira ( Cairo ) in 969.

Under al-Adil and al-Kamil, Damascus continued as an autonomous province whose ruler reserved the right to designate his own heir, but during as-Salih Ayyub's rule, military campaigns against Syria reduced Damascus to a vassal of Cairo.

Under recommendation by renowned archaeologist and historian David Hogarth, first Lawrence, then Bell, were assigned to Army Intelligence Headquarters in Cairo in 1915 for war service.

Under the Star Alliance “ Move Under One Roof ” concept at Cairo Airport, all Star Alliance member carriers serving Cairo, have moved to the new Terminal 3.

Under Hulagu's leadership, the Mongols destroyed the greatest center of Islamic power, Baghdad, and also weakened Damascus, causing a shift of Islamic influence to the Mamluks in Cairo.

Under Muslim rule Jerusalem did not achieve the political or cultural status enjoyed by the capitals Damascus, Baghdad, Cairo etc.

* Cairo Times: Suicide Speculation Under Fire ( Available through Archive. Org )

* صباح الخير يا وطن: شهادة من بيروت المحاصرة / Good Morning Homeland: A Testament from Beirut Under Siege, Cairo: Matbu ' at al-Qahira, 1983

Under the Ministry of Defence ( Egypt ) is the Egyptian Military Operations Authority with its headquarters in Cairo.

Under the same sultan ( 1324 ) the Jews were accused of incendiarism at Fostat and Cairo ; they had to exculpate themselves by a payment of 50, 000 gold pieces.

degree from Yale University, 1948 ; studied at New York University Law School, 1948-1949 ; founding partner in Sterling International, a paper marketing and manufacturing business, 1950-1964 ; was vice president of that company and several of its subsidiaries including Sterling Vineyards, 1960-1982 ; was Director of the U. S. Mission in Cairo, Egypt, of the Agency for International Development, 1982-1985 ; Director of the Agency for International Development Caribbean Basin Initiative, 1985-1988 ; was Assistant Secretary of the Army ( Financial Management ), 27 May 1986-12 May 1988 ; served concurrently as Acting Under Secretary of the Army, 28 February 1988-23 May 1988 ; was Under Secretary of the Army and Army Acquisition Executive, 24 May 1988-13 August 1989 ; while serving as Army Under Secretary, performed the duties of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, 13 May 1989-10 August 1989 ; was Secretary of the Army, 14 August 1989-19 January 1993 ; chairman of the board of the Panama Canal Commission, 1990-1993 ; died in San Francisco, California, 18 May 1995.

The only other works at least technically original were dreary farces -- Send Me No Flowers ( closed ), Under The Yum-Yum Tree, Critic's Choice.

Under scrutiny, two of the witnesses said, were payments and loans to Stein's National Maintenance company at 543 Madison St..

Under the circumstances, the only protection for the relatively small manufacturers is to engage in exactly the kind of conspiracy with the giants for which the latter were convicted.

Under another law, hundreds of farms were seized.

Under this standard, the appellate court gives deference to the lower court's view of the evidence, and reverses its decision only if it were a clear abuse of discretion.

Under the Cronquist system, only the Apiaceae and Araliaceae were included here, and the restricted order was placed among the rosids rather than the asterids.

Under Arianism, Christ was instead not consubstantial with God the Father since both the Father and the Son under Arius were made of " like " essence or being ( see homoiousia ) but not of the same essence or being ( see homoousia ).

Under the heading of " places ," his class explores where texts were made, read, and listened to, including monasteries, schools and universities, offices of the state, the shops of merchants and booksellers, printing houses, theaters, libraries, studies, and closets.

Under Soviet rule, both the villages were forced to disband and residents were moved to the Russian dominated Zaporozhye rural settlement in Ust-Bolsheretsky Raion.

Under Sargon, the ensis generally retained their positions, but were seen more as provincial governors.

Under Pericles, in 450 BC, restrictions were tightened so that a citizen had to be born from citizen parentage on both sides.

Under his lead, some good results were achieved and European football was secured.

Under Augustus the office lost much of its importance, its judicial functions and the care of the games being transferred to the praetor, while its city responsibilities were limited by the appointment of a praefectus urbi.

* – both of Young's books were commissioned by the U. S. Department of Defense, Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense ( Installations and Environment )

Under the strong rule of Abdur Rahman these outlying territories were closely welded to Kabul ; but after the accession of Habibullah the bonds once more relaxed.

Under Abdülaziz's reign, Turkey's first postage stamps were issued in 1863, and Turkey joined the Universal Postal Union in 1875 as a founding member.

Under 10 % of organisms were predators or scavengers, although since these organisms were larger, the biomass was split equally between each of the filter feeding, deposit feeding, predatory and scavenging organisms.

Under the Cronquist system, the Brassicales were called the Capparales, and included among the " Dilleniidae ".

Under the Treaty of Hünkar Iskelesi of 1833, the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits were to be closed on Russian demand to naval vessels of other powers.

Under the time-sharing model the users were given individual computer terminals and interacted directly.

Under the Labour government of James Callaghan, a review by Lord Beswick had led to the reprieve of the so-called ' Beswick plants ', for social reasons, but subsequent governments were obliged under EU rules to withdraw subsidies.

Under the Cronquist system, the first four families ( including Begoniaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Datiscaceae ), were placed in the order Violales, within the Dilleniidae, with the Tetramelaceae subsumed within the Datiscaceae.

Under the new communist system, privately owned factories and estates were nationalized, and the economy was based on a type of planned market socialism.