As a simple, cheap and reliable device, the Russian abacus was in use in all shops and markets throughout the former Soviet Union, and the usage of it was taught in most schools until the 1990s.

Among current and more notable IWW shops in Canada is the Ottawa Panhandlers ' Union, which continues a tradition in the IWW of organizing disenfranchised workers on relief or in work camps started during the Great Depression.

Omaha's first Italian enclave grew south of downtown, with many Italian immigrants coming to the city to work in the Union Pacific shops.

Railroad mileage was located mostly in rural areas and over two-thirds of the South's rails, bridges, rail yards, repair shops and rolling stock were in areas reached by Union armies, which systematically destroyed what they could.

Union shops were heavily restricted, and states were allowed to pass right-to-work laws that outlawed closed union shops.

Union shops, still permitted, require new recruits to join the union within a certain amount of time, but only as part of a collective bargaining agreement and only if the contract allows the worker at least thirty days after the date of hire or the effective date of the contract to join the union.

Centennial Plaza is one of the main gathering points of the students due to the plaza's close proximity to the on-campus restaurants, coffee shops, dining halls, university post office, and offices for Student Life, SGA, and Union Board.

This, however, did not stop any rumors of the Union Pacific building their shops in the Midland area using the old Portland and Puget Sound right of way.

Former 1903 " People's Union " cooperative building that evolved into a small Shurfine grocery and now contains retail shops and restaurants on 271st Ave NW, Stanwood.

The shops at the Canterbury campus, with the Kent Union offices housed in the offices above.

Another substantial corridor extends from Two Union Square to Rainier Square with connections to hotels, the 5th Avenue Theatre, and many retail shops along the way.

The station building also houses a long line of shops and bars down the Union Street side.

A small community from the former Soviet Union has also established itself in the nearby area and there are several shops of this community in the Carlisle Street area.

As was the case with other unions of the day, the Cigarmaker's Union nearly collapsed in the financial crisis of 1877, in which unemployment skyrocketed and ready availability of desperate workers willing to labor for subsistence wages put pressure upon the gains in wages and shortening of hours achieved in union shops.

The two first feminine trade unions that ever existed in Uruguay-" Unión de Telefonistas " ( Telephone Operators Union ) and the " Costureras de sastrerías " ( Seamstresses from Tailor's shops ) were created by Luisi, and thanks to their action, many benefits were obtained for their members.

These traditions persisted into the twentieth century in fields such as printing, in which the International Typographical Union would enforce its own rules determining how work was done in union shops, and in the construction industry.

Surrey Hills ' Central Business District is relatively small, consisting of a 300 metre strip of shops along Union Road.

All forms of closed shops in the UK are strictly illegal under section 137 ( 1 )( a ) of the Trade Union and Labour Relations ( Consolidation ) Act 1992 ( c. 52 ) passed by the Conservative government at the time.

The Union also has three shops.

It is home to metro-wide indie radio station WRFG FM 89. 3, two independent bookstores ( Charis Books and More and A Cappella Books ), record stores ( Criminal Records, Wax ' n ' Facts ), coffee shops ( Java Lords, Aurora Coffee, Starbucks ), a health and wellness center ( Sweetgrass Wellness Spring ), new and used clothing stores ( Rag-O-Rama ), novelty shops ( Junkman's Daughter ), a new-age shop ( Crystal Blue ), a locally owned credit union ( BOND Community Federal Credit Union ), and Horizon Theatre ), a major music venue ( Variety Playhouse ), a community music school ( The Little 5 Points Music Center ), a smoking store ( 42 °), and several local restaurants and bars.

Locomotive maintenance is centered in Janesville ; WSOR's Horicon paint shops often do contract work on both rolling stock, for railroads such as Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad, and locomotives, including Union Pacific Railroad.

Falealupo-Uta has small shops and facilities for Western Union money transfer while there are beach fale accommodation and a shop at Falealupo-tai.

Author of the Albany Plan Of Union, which, had it been adopted, might have avoided the Revolution, he fought the colonists' front-line battles in London, negotiated the treaty of alliance with France and the peace that ended the war, headed the state government of Pennsylvania, and exercised an important moderating influence at the Federal Convention.

But though each of its members had asserted this right against the Union, the final Constitution which the Confederacy signed on March 11 -- nearly a month before hostilities began -- included no explicit provision authorizing a state to secede.

The Constitution of the Southern `` Confederation '' differed from that of the Federal Union only in two important respects: It openly, defiantly, recognized slavery -- an institution which the Southerners of 1787, even though they continued it, found so impossible to reconcile with freedom that they carefully avoided mentioning the word in the Federal Constitution.

and in her forthright way, Henrietta, who in her story of Sara had indicated her own unwillingness `` to think of men as the privileged '' and `` women as submissive and yielding '', felt obliged to defend vigorously any statement of hers to which Morris Jastrow took the slightest exception -- he objected to her stand on the Corbin affair, as well as on the radical reforms of Dr. Wise of Hebrew Union College -- until once, in sheer desperation, he wrote that he had given up hope they would ever agree on anything.

they still benefit far less than the `` other '' 50 per cent of the nation from that `` welfare state '' which the Soviet Union so greatly prides itself on being.

Elementary school desegregation came to Owen and Union Counties, which already had high school desegregation.

If this attitude is seriously questioned in the Soviet Union, it does not necessarily follow that the majority of the society in which I live is too aware of the necessity for clarity on this ethical as well as aesthetic point of view.

Yet Dartmouth still is the dominant member of the Intercollegiate Ski Union, which includes the winter sports colleges of Canada as well as those of this country.

On April 15, Lincoln called on all the states to send detachments totaling 75, 000 troops to recapture forts, protect Washington, and " preserve the Union ", which, in his view, still existed intact despite the actions of the seceding states.

He was replaced by George Meade, who followed Lee into Pennsylvania for the Gettysburg Campaign, which was a victory for the Union, though Lee's army avoided capture.

The high casualty figures of the Union alarmed the North ; Grant had lost a third of his army, and Lincoln asked what Grant's plans were, to which the general replied, " I propose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer.

Alerted by a Union reconnaissance on January 14, 1862, Johnston ordered Tilghman to fortify the high ground opposite Fort Henry, which Polk had failed to do despite Johnston's orders.

When Austria became a member of the European Union, the Austrian variety of the German language — limited to 23 agricultural terms — was " protected " in Protocol No 10, regarding the use of specific Austrian terms of the German language in the framework of the European Union, which forms part of the Austrian EU accession treaty.

In 1949, Camus founded the Group for International Liaisons within the Revolutionary Union Movement after his split with Garry Davis ' movement Citizens of the World, which the surrealist André Breton was also a member.

The ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the ethnic Armenian-dominated region of Nagorno-Karabakh ( which was part of Soviet Azerbaijan ) and the breakup of the centrally directed economic system of the former Soviet Union contributed to a severe economic decline in the early 1990s.

In 1976 the International Astronomical Union ( IAU ) revised the definition of the AU for greater precision, defining it as that length for which the Gaussian gravitational constant ( k ) takes the value when the units of measurement are the astronomical units of length, mass and time.

The 1976 definition of the astronomical unit was incomplete, in particular because it does not specify the frame of reference in which time is to be measured, but proved practical for the calculation of ephemerides: a fuller definition that is consistent with general relativity was proposed, and " vigorous debate " ensued until in August 2012 the International Astronomical Union adopted the current definition of 1 astronomical unit = 149597870700 meters.

* 1800 – The Acts of Union 1800 is passed in which merges the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

In 1908 he was involved in trying to start a new professional baseball league, the " Union Professional League " which took the field in April but folded one month later.

* 1922 – The Treaty of Rapallo, pursuant to which Germany and the Soviet Union re-establish diplomatic relations, is signed.

* 1943 – World War II: The discovery of a mass grave of Polish prisoners of war killed by Soviet forces in the Katyń Forest Massacre is announced, causing a diplomatic rift between the Polish government in exile in London from the Soviet Union, which denies responsibility.

His reign was marred by a constitutional struggle with the Aragonese nobles, which eventually culminated in the articles of the Union of Aragon-the so-called " Magna Carta of Aragon ", which devolved several key royal powers into the hands of lesser nobles.

By virtue of Article II of the Treaty of Union, which defined the succession to the throne of Great Britain, the Act of Settlement became part of Scots Law as well.