Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying-foxes ( fruit bats ); Little red flying-fox, ( Pteropus scapulatus ), black flying-fox, ( Pteropus alecto ), grey-headed flying-fox, ( Pteropus poliocephalus ) and spectacled flying-fox, ( Pteropus conspicillatus ).

Until 2006 it was thought that no mammals, other than bats and marine mammals, had reached New Zealand before humans did.

Until now the false gharial was thought to have a diet similar to its relative the true gharial, i. e. only fish and very small vertebrates, but new evidence and occurrences have proven that the false gharial's broader snout has enabled larger individuals to prey on larger vertebrates including Proboscis monkeys, long-tailed macaques, deer and fruit bats.

Until Moscow resumed nuclear testing last September 1, the US and UK had released more than twice as much radiation into the atmosphere as the Russians, and the fallout from the earlier blasts is still coming down.

Until his death, " Stringbean " played the field's ' scarecrow ,' delivering one-liners before being shouted down by the ' crow ' on his shoulder ; after his 1973 murder, he was not replaced, and the ' scarecrow ' simply was seen in the field as a memorial.

Until the late 1960s, the standard hi-hats were, with available as a less-common alternative in professional cymbal ranges and smaller sizes down to restricted to children's kits.

Until it shut down in February 2012, the Hovensa oil refinery produced, supplied by a fleet of tankers import.

Until that time bandoneonists played sitting down.

Until the 3rd century AD, it kept its position as the most important city in the newly formed Aemilia province, but the fall of the Empire brought Mutina down with it, as it was used as a military base both against the barbarians and in the civil wars.

Until recently, art exhibitions deemed controversial have been routinely shut down by police, and performance artists in particular faced the threat of arrest in the early 1990s.

Until the late 1970s, CCTV held only evening broadcasts, usually closing down at midnight.

A good Brunswick stew must be cooked down slowly, according to stew masters for the Capitol Square event, “ Until the stirring paddle stands up straight in the stew .” When the paddle stood, Brunswick Stew was served to the legislators and hundreds of Virginians who turned out for the event to “ Get a Taste of Brunswick .”

Until the 1800s, most of Welling down to Blackfen was covered in woodland which offered excellent concealment for outlaws and robbers who would prey on vulnerable slow-moving horse-drawn traffic.

Until 1810, there was also a Corn Cross, but this was taken down and replaced by a pump.

Until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the rails were made of wood, were a few inches wide and were fastened down, end to end, on logs of wood or " sleepers ", placed crosswise at intervals of two or three feet.

Until it was cut down due to safety concerns, Lancaster boasted the largest oak tree in the state, called the Beaman Oak, named after settler Gamaliel Beaman ( 1623 – 1677 ).

Until the 1960s one could board the Knickerbocker Limited in Sidney and then step down in Grand Central Terminal in New York City.

Until the construction of the Barlow Road in 1846, the only way to reach Fort Vancouver and the Willamette Valley was by rafting down the river from The Dalles.

Until 1960, the Tridentine form of the Roman Missal laid down that a candle should be placed at the Epistle side of the altar and that it should be lit at the showing of the consecrated sacrament to the people.

Until 1985, logs floated down the river were brought onshore here before the river entered its delta, and were then transported onwards by rail.

Until 1967, an eastern Canadian bowler was required to knock down the left corner (" counter ") pin to score any points, while a western bowler was required to knock down the right corner pin.

Until the 19th century, shipping of salt down the river was an important part of the local economy.

Until Prout, says Ruskin, excessive and clumsy artificiality characterized the picturesque: what ruins early artists drew " looked as if broken down on purpose ; what weeds they put on seemed put on for ornament ".

Until it was shut down, the WildStorm imprint remained editorially separate from DC Comics, with its main studio located on the West Coast.

Until the 1980s it was in its original position some yards from the coastal road in a field near the turn down to the small harbour of Polkerris.

Until July 2010, Northwestern College also owned WSMR in Sarasota, Florida ; due to financial troubles, this station would close down and be sold to the University of South Florida, who reformatted the station with a classical music format.

Until the 1900s there was a tradition that the actor who plays Polonius also plays the quick-witted gravedigger in Act V. This bit suggests that the actor who played Polonius was an actor used to playing clowns much like the Fool in King Lear: not a doddering old fool, but an alive and intelligent master of illusion and misdirection.

Until then, the only standardization was what little had been done by individual people and companies, with some companies ' in-house standards spreading a bit within their industries.

** Until 2006, the portions of Indiana within the Eastern Time Zone observed Eastern Standard Time year-round – except that five counties near Cincinnati and Louisville customarily observed Eastern Daylight Time despite legally being on Eastern Standard Time.

Until 2001, Spic and Span was made by Procter & Gamble, a major international manufacturer of household and personal products based in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Until the acquisition, Cinergy still operated under the names of the three local utilities ( e. g., Cinergy / CG & E in Cincinnati ); since the acquisition, the names of the three former Cinergy utilities and Duke Power, the former Duke Energy utility subsidiary, have been phased out, although signs bearing the former logos still remain at some substations.

Until 2004, most summer North American tournaments were not on television, the exceptions being the highly televised ATP World Tour Masters 1000 events in Canada and Cincinnati.

Until better records have been kept over longer periods of time and much more is known about the maximum dimensions, it will be wise to refrain from drawing conclusions.

Until their win over Occidental on February 22, 2011 the team had not won a game in conference play since 1985.

Until the 19th century, cider was the largest agricultural export with up to a quarter of the agricultural land given over to orchards.

Until the year 2000 the proportion of children 0 – 14 years of age was over 40 % of the total population.

Until the release of The Corporation ( 2003 ), made by Mark Achbar, Jennifer Abbott and Joel Bakan, it was the most successful feature documentary in Canadian history, played theatrically in over 300 cities around the world ; won 22 awards ; appeared in more than 50 international film festivals ; and was broadcast in over 30 markets.

Until 3 July 2011, when Arriva took over bus operations, there were approximately 500 buses in public transit service in Malta, most of them privately owned by the bus drivers themselves, and operated to a unified timetable set by the transport authority.

Until the 19th century, few doubted the truth of the postulate ; instead debate centered over whether it was necessary as an axiom, or whether it was a theory that could be derived from the other axioms.

Until his dismissal from the team over a long-standing bonus dispute, Adebayor was largely considered the side's star player.

Until 2008, if one competitor gained a 7-point lead over the other, or if one competitor reached a total of 12 points, then that competitor was immediately declared the winner and the match ended.

Until the early 20th century, the chief ancient buildings at Sparta were the theatre, of which, however, little showed above ground except portions of the retaining walls ; the so-called Tomb of Leonidas, a quadrangular building, perhaps a temple, constructed of immense blocks of stone and containing two chambers ; the foundation of an ancient bridge over the Eurotas ; the ruins of a circular structure ; some remains of late Roman fortifications ; several brick buildings and mosaic pavements.

Until recently, the technique was relatively insensitive to small slope movements and could not be automated because it relied on human detection of changes in the reflectance trace over time.

Until the 1760s over 90 per cent of the mahogany imported into Britain came from Jamaica.

Until 1230 Llywelyn had used the title princeps Norwalliæ ' Prince of North Wales ', but from that year he changed his title to ' Prince of North Wales and Lord of Snowdonia ', possibly to underline his supremacy over the other Welsh princes.

Until the 18th century, food was cooked over an open fire.

Until the 1960s, it was common practice for the vice president to preside over daily Senate sessions, so the president pro tempore rarely presided unless the vice presidency became vacant.

Until 1964, offending boys could be summoned to the Head Master or the Lower Master, as appropriate, to receive a birching on the bare posterior, in a semi-public ceremony held in the Library, where there was a special wooden birching block over which the offender was held.

Until then, ordinary doubles took precedence over most of the semidouble Sundays, resulting in many of the Sunday Masses rarely being said.

Until 1561 the church had a central tower which either collapsed or was removed, and has been replaced with the current tower over the west door.

Until the 1920s one-room schools served well over half of Idaho ’ s primary students.

Until 2011, the award category had to be activated by the Awards Board each year, whereas now it is a standard category This led to controversy over whether the film was deliberately snubbed of the nomination by the Academy.

Until he was over seventy, he enjoyed good health ; but in 1702, he developed chronic kidney stones.

Until the cry " There is no God but God " resounds over the whole world, there will be struggle.