Until the late 19th century, the axiom of choice was often used implicitly, although it had not yet been formally stated.

Until the late 19th century the only available propellant was black powder.

Until the mid 19th century most boats were of all natural materials ; primarily wood although reed, bark and animal skins were also used.

Until the 19th century the majority of battles were of short duration, many lasting a part of a day.

Until the end of the 19th century, it seems to have been generally assumed that the general meeting ( of all shareholders ) was the supreme organ of the company, and the board of directors was merely an agent of the company subject to the control of the shareholders in general meeting.

Until the 19th century, the most common theory among scientists was still the concept of scala naturae, proposed by Aristotle.

Until 2009, when the new constitution came into force and created the Legislative Assembly, the legislature of the islands was the Legislative Council, which had existed since the 19th century.

Until the end of the 19th century, rubber was the main export.

Until the early 19th century Africans were captured, kidnapped, and forced into slavery to work on plantations when sugarcane became the most important export of the island.

Until the 19th century, cider was the largest agricultural export with up to a quarter of the agricultural land given over to orchards.

Until the 19th century, most libraries had closed stacks, so the library classification only served to organize the subject catalog.

Until the 19th century, large crystals of mica were quite rare and expensive as a result of the limited supply in Europe.

Until the middle of the 19th century, most physicists believed in an " ethereal " medium in which the light disturbance propagated.

Until the middle of the 19th century, only some isolated documents written on papyrus were known.

Until the late 19th or early 20th century, those who pursued science were called " natural philosophers " or " men of science ".

Until the 19th century these silver dollar coins were actual Spanish dollars minted in the new world, mostly at Mexico City.

Until the 19th century, the authorship of the Gospel of John had universally been attributed to the Apostle John.

Until the 19th century, belief in unicorns was widespread among historians, alchemists, writers, poets, naturalists, physicians, and theologians.

Until the end of the 19th century, the only welding process was forge welding, which blacksmiths had used for centuries to join iron and steel by heating and hammering.

Until the 19th century all mahogany was regarded as one species, although varying in quality and character according to soil and climate.

Until the 19th century, the vast majority of butter was made by hand, on farms.

Until the 19th century it was used mainly for writing letters and keeping accounts, while the Devanāgarī script was used for literature and academic writings.

Until deep into the 19th century, the now Venezuelan islands of Aves, the Aves archipelago, Los Roques and La Orchila were also considered by the Dutch government to be part of the Dutch West Indies.

Until the late 19th century, roasting by dry heat in an oven was called baking.

Until the 20th century, the term asphaltum was also used.

Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences, but in modern usage the fine arts, where aesthetic considerations are paramount, are distinguished from acquired skills in general, and the decorative or applied arts.

Until this point Austria and Switzerland had been the traditional and more popular destinations for winter sports, but by the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, France, Italy and the Tyrol began so see increases in winter visitors.

Until the mid-20th century, anchors for smaller vessels were either scaled-down versions of admiralty anchors, or simple grapnels.

Until the early 20th century, unsure of the site of Palaepharsalos, scholars followed Arrian ( 2. 75 ) and located the battle south of the Enipeus or close to Pharsalos ( today's Pharsala ).

Until the mid-nineteenth century, commercial banks in Britain were able to issue their own banknotes, and notes issued by provincial banking companies were commonly in circulation.

Until the mid-19th century, the Museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of Augustus Wollaston Franks to curate the collections, the Museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, prehistory, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of ethnography.

Until the 1911 reform, the psalms were arranged according to a disposition dating from the 8th century, as follows: Psalms i .– cviii., with some omissions, were recited at Matins, twelve each day from Monday to Saturday, and eighteen on Sunday.

Until the mid-19th century the Banda Islands were the world's only source of the spices nutmeg and mace, produced from the nutmeg tree.

Until the early seventeenth century the Bandas were ruled by a group of leading citizens, the orang kaya ( literally ' rich men '), each of these was a head of district.

Until the mid-19th century, when the river was tamed by dams, levees, and other controls, the Nile in the vicinity of Cairo was highly susceptible to changes in course and surface level.

Until the 16th century, no European had ever heard of the popular drink from the Central and South American peoples.

Until the 21st century most used cathode ray tubes but they have largely been superseded by LCD monitors.

Until the 20th century, there was no technology capable of detecting the deviations from Euclidean geometry, but Einstein predicted that such deviations would exist.

Until the 6th century AD, the region of today's Franconia was probably dominated by Alamanni and Thuringians.

Until the mid-19th century, projectiles and propellant ( black powder ) were generally separate components used in a muzzle-loading firearm such as a rifle, pistol, or cannon.

Until a few weeks ago, however, Arnold Palmer was some god-like creature who had nothing in common with the duffers.

Until recent years, few people without some genuine claim to fame wrote or published autobiographies for the general public.

Until 2005-2006 broadband access ( mostly using ADSL ) was available only in a few major cities in Belarus.

Until Jefferson, very few artists had recorded solo voice and blues guitar, the first of which was vocalist Sara Martin and guitarist Sylvester Weaver.

Until a few weeks later, the guilt for the crime had settled loosely on Serbia in general.

Until recently, the Preclassic was regarded as a formative period, consisting of small villages of farmers who lived in huts and few permanent buildings, but this notion has been challenged by recent discoveries of monumental architecture from that period, such as an altar in La Blanca, San Marcos, from 1000 BC ; ceremonial sites at Miraflores and El Naranjo from 801 BC ; the earliest monumental masks ; and the Mirador Basin cities of Nakbé, Xulnal, El Tintal, Wakná and El Mirador.

Until the 13th century, icons followed a broadly similar pattern in West and East-although very few survive from this early from either tradition.

Until then, Malta had very few industries except the cotton, tobacco, and shipyards industry.

Until the 20th century, only a few hundred meteorite finds had ever been discovered.

Until 1978 the pope's election was followed in a few days by the Papal Coronation.

Until 2000, it was thought that rock sequences spanning the Permian-Triassic boundary were too few and contained too many gaps for scientists to determine reliably its details.

Until after Wilde's death his name remained disgraced and few discussed, let alone performed, his work.

Until the construction boom of the late 1970s, relatively few modern buildings had been constructed.

Until recently, very few studies were conducted that were focused specifically on the putamen.

Until that time Eastwood had been an American television actor with few credited film roles.

Until 2010, the final location of Lunokhod 1 was uncertain by a few kilometers.

Until a few years ago the ubiquity of 35 mm movie projectors in commercial movie theaters made it the only motion picture format, film or video, that could be played in almost any cinema in the world.

Until the 2nd century AD, torture was used only on slaves ( with a few exceptions ).

Until the late 1920s, few if any other events used the term.

" Until 1943, few Americans objected to Soviet aid.

were champions of Cornwall in 1955 / 56 and have been in existence over a hundred years ; their most notable player was Harry Cann who was goalkeeper for Plymouth Argyle F. C .. Until the 1930s there were two golf courses and a few tennis courts: neither golf course reopened in the postwar period.

Until a few decades previously, the ship operated under another name as a normal GSV, providing a habitat for a vast number of Culture citizens.

Until modern times, cloves grew only on a few islands in the Maluku Islands ( historically called the Spice Islands ), including Bacan, Makian, Moti, Ternate, and Tidore.

Until a few years had exhibitions in Castilian Jotas in the Alameda de la Fuencisla in the arrival of the Virgin ; but recently Castilian Jotas are danced in the Azoguejo own.