Vaccination has been done in Romania ever since the 17th century, when people used rudimentary methods of vaccination, such as dipping newborns into cow milk coming from cows with smallpox. However, due to the increasing number of doctors, more modern methods of vaccination have been introduced.

The Canadian postage stamp of Polio Vaccination 1955 – 2005, issued September 2, 2005, was a domestic 50-cent stamp commemorating the fight against polio, which Canada Post rightfully described as " one of the most feared diseases of the first half of the 20th century ".

Vaccination with Trypanosoma rangeli has produced positive results in animal models.

Vaccination efforts have been met with some controversy since their inception, on scientific, ethical, political, medical safety, religious, and other grounds.

Vaccination against only one serotype could possible lead to severe DHS when infected with another serotype due to Antibody-Dependent Enhancement.

Vaccination with Hib conjugate vaccine is effective in preventing Hib infection, but does not prevent infection with NTHi strains.

" Vaccination in the veterinary world pursues four goals: ( i ) protection from clinical disease, ( ii ) protection from infection with virulent virus, ( iii ) protection from virus excretion, and ( iv ) serological differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals ( so-called DIVA principle ).

Vaccination with irradiated cancer cells has not proven successful.

Vaccination is the only known method to prevent the development of tumors when chickens are infected with the virus.

A negative side of Dwight's work was that he opposed smallpox vaccination, see Vaccination and religion.

Other British pioneers in their field include ; Joseph Lister ( Antiseptic surgery ), Edward Jenner ( Vaccination ), Florence Nightingale ( Nursing ), Richard Owen ( Palaeontology ), Sir George Cayley ( Aerodynamics ), William Fox Talbot ( Photography ), Howard Carter ( Modern Archaeology, discovered Tutankhamun ), James Hutton ( Modern Geology ).

Guillotin became one of the first French doctors to support Edward Jenner's discovery of vaccination and in 1805 was the President of the Committee for Vaccination in Paris.

** The Three Original Publications on Vaccination Against Smallpox, by Edward Jenner

Vaccination either excites or reinforces the immune competency of a host to ward off infection, leading to the activation of macrophages, the production of antibodies, inflammation, and other classic immune reactions.

Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material ( a vaccine ) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen.

Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases ; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from large areas of the world.

As doctor Byron Plant explains: " Vaccination is the more commonly used term, which actually consists of a " safe " injection of a sample taken from a cow suffering from cowpox ... Inoculation, a practice probably as old as the disease itself, is the injection of the variola virus taken from a pustule or scab of a smallpox sufferer into the superficial layers of the skin, commonly on the upper arm of the subject.

Vaccination has to be proven in a vaccination certificate which is valid 10 days after the vaccination and lasts for 10 years.

Vaccination against adenovirus, haemophilus influenzae, and neisseria meningiditis is also effective.

Vaccination rates have been high enough to make measles relatively uncommon.

Vaccination has proved difficult as there are so many viruses involved and they change rapidly.

He also oversaw the passage of the Vaccination Act 1853 into law, which was introduced as a private member's bill, and which Palmerston persuaded the government to support.

Vaccination only provides temporary immunity that lasts from months to years.

Vaccination has interrupted the transmission of rubella in the Americas: no endemic case has been observed since February 2009.

Vaccination of girls of childbearing age against rubella can prevent congenital rubella syndrome.

Vaccination against smallpox is assumed to provide protection against human monkeypox infection considering they are closely related viruses and the vaccine protects animals from experimental lethal monkeypox challenge.

* Biggs, J. T. Leicester: Sanitation versus Vaccination

* Vaccination for tuberculosis ( the leading cause of death in young people ) is introduced.

Vaccination coverage in Huambo city is higher than in other municipalities.

Vaccination is only used where the virus is widespread in the domestic pig population and / or in wild or feral pigs.

* The Vaccination Assistance Act ( 1962 ) provided for the vaccination of millions of children against a number of diseases.

Vaccination will cause cats to have positive results on FIV tests, making diagnosis more difficult.

The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists, writers, and artists, in particular the Romantics, followed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to ascend the peaks.

The architectural development of the city ended in the 18th century, when the city began to expand beyond its ( still existing ) wall.

The supporters of these views feel that the Afrikaner designation ( or label ) was used from the 1930s onwards as a means of unifying ( politically at least ) the white Afrikaans speakers of the Western Cape with those of Trekboer and Voortrekker descent ( whose ancestors began migrating eastward during the late 17th century and throughout the 18th century and later northward during the Great Trek of the 1830s ) in the north of South Africa, where the Boer Republics were established.

In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, generally known as Classicism, which sought to emulate the ideals of Classical antiquity and especially those of Classical Greece.

During the 18th century, jewelers began making pieces with inexpensive glass.

Southern Hemisphere native varieties of English began to develop during the 18th century, with the colonisation of Australasia and South Africa.

In the 18th century, it began to be illuminated by candles, which with electrification could also be replaced by Christmas lights.

Eccentricity, defined as taking characteristics such as dress and appearance to extremes, began to be applied generally to human behavior in the 1770s ; similarly, the word dandy first appears in the late 18th century: In the years immediately preceding the American Revolution, the first verse and chorus of " Yankee Doodle " derided the alleged poverty and rough manners of American-born colonists, suggesting that whereas a fine horse and gold-braided clothing ("

By the early 18th century, other publishers began to issue collections of dances as well ; a conservative estimate of the number of dances in the English style published between 1651 and 1810 would run to around 20, 000.

In the later part of the 18th century the manual labour based economy of the Kingdom of Great Britain began to be replaced by one dominated by industry and the manufacture of machinery.

According to some scholars, a third division, the Anthropocene, began in the 18th century.

The earliest compulsory education in the West began in the late 17th century and early 18th century in the German states of Gotha, Calemberg and, particularly, Prussia.

In the 18th century, a group of writers, most notably Ferenc Kazinczy began the process of language renewal ( Hungarian: nyelvújítás ).

As West European economic growth accelerated during the Industrial Revolution, sea trade and colonialism which had begun in the second half of the 18th century, Russia began to lag ever farther behind, creating new problems for the empire as a great power.

Starting in the later part of the 18th century, there began a transition in parts of Great Britain's previously manual labour and draft-animal – based economy towards machine-based manufacturing.

The First Industrial Revolution, which began in the 18th century, merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships, railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electrical power generation.

Periodical publications about manufacturing and technology began to appear in the last decade of the 18th century, and many regularly included notice of the latest patents.

Agricultural improvement began in the centuries before the Industrial revolution got going and it may have played a part in freeing up labour from the land to work in the new industrial mills of the 18th century.

Canals began to be built in the late 18th century to link the major manufacturing centres across the country.

Modern jurisprudence began in the 18th century and was focused on the first principles of the natural law, civil law, and the law of nations.

Before the 18th century the Kalevala poetry was common throughout Finland and Karelia but in the 18th century it began to disappear in Finland, first in western Finland, because European rhymed poetry became more common in Finland.

Kendo began to make its appearance during the late 18th century.

The breeding of beef cattle, cattle optimized for meat production as opposed to animals best suited for draught or dairy purposes, began in the middle of the 18th century.

The empire began to decline during the early 18th century when fighting among the sub-chiefs and the burgeoning slave trade weakened the Maravi Empire's authority.