* Oil Diffusion pumps by Donald M. Mattox, Technical Director of The Society of Vacuum Coaters

Laboratory display of distillation: 1: A heating device 2: Still pot 3: Still head 4: Thermometer / Boiling point temperature 5: Condenser 6: Cooling water in 7: Cooling water out 8: Distillate / receiving flask 9: Vacuum / gas inlet 10: Still receiver 11: Heat control 12: Stirrer speed control 13: Stirrer / heat plate 14: Heating ( Oil / sand ) bath 15: Stirring means e. g. ( shown ), boiling chips or mechanical stirrer 16: Cooling bath.

* 1831 – Hiram Bond Everest, American co-founder of The Vacuum Oil Company ( d. 1913 )

In 1931, Socony merged with Vacuum Oil to form Socony-Vacuum.

In 1935, Socony Vacuum Oil opened the huge Mammoth Oil Port on Staten Island which had a capacity of handling a quarter of million gallons of petroleum products a year and could transship oil from ocean going tankers and river barges

The Vacuum Oil Company began operating in Australia in 1895, introducing its Plume brand of petrol in 1916.

* Matthew Ewing, inventor and co-founder of Vacuum Oil Company

Other sponsors included the House of Squibb, the Reynolds Metals Company, and the Socony Vacuum Oil Company.

He was working for Nederlandsche Nieuw Guinea Petroleum Maatschappij ( NNGPM ), an exploration company formed by Shell in 1935, with 40 % Standard Vacuum Oil ( Mobil ) interest and 20 % Far Pacific investments ( Chevron subsidiary ).

By 1934, the NEDC comprised only two shareholders, Standard Oil of New Jersey and Socony, which had merged with the Vacuum Oil Company to form Socony-Vacuum in 1931.

The station opened in 1953 as the Standard Oil Platform next to the oil refinery operated by the Vacuum Oil Company.

In 1945, she joined the Socony Vacuum Oil Company.

The vans of the British Vacuum Cleaning Company ( BVCC ) were bright red ; uniformed operators would haul hose off the van and route it through the windows of a building to reach all the rooms inside.

Booth started the British Vacuum Cleaner Company and refined his invention over the next several decades.

Vacuum tubes were first marketed by U. S. company BD ( Becton, Dickinson and Company ) under the trade name Vacutainer tubes.

* Vacuum Brake Company

* Rogers Vacuum Tube Company

Rogers Communications claims the heritage of the Rogers Vacuum Tube Company founded in 1925 by Edward S. Rogers Sr., which started Toronto radio station CFRB ( RB stands for " Rogers Batteryless "), but was later acquired by outside interests.

) CFRB station was founded by the Rogers Vacuum Tube Company ( the precursor of Rogers Communications ) to promote Edward S. Rogers, Sr .' s invention of a batteryless radio receiver that could be operated using alternating current and therefore did not need the cumbersome battery that had previously been required.

Standard Broadcasting was founded as Standard Radio Manufacturing in 1925 by Edward S. Rogers, Sr., but soon became known as Rogers Vacuum Tube Company and later became the Rogers Majestic Corporation Limited.

The music became so popular that it was also used in radio ads by firms such as the Hoover Vacuum Company.

The electric propulsion system for the cars was designed and built by the Eureka Williams Company of Bloomington, Illinois, manufacturer of Eureka Vacuum Cleaners.

Vacuum tubes ( valves ) were by far the dominant active electronic components in most instrument amplifier applications until the 1970s, when semiconductors ( transistors ) started taking over for performance and economic reasons, including heat and weight reduction, and improved reliability.

Heraeus Vacuum Smelting started operations as an independent company in 1923, producing a variety of base metal alloys for use in electrics.

They released five studio albums, made over twenty music videos, and became successful across Eastern Europe before Bard disbanded the group to concentrate on his new group Vacuum in 1996.

Vacuum has been a frequent topic of philosophical debate since ancient Greek times, but was not studied empirically until the 17th century.

Vacuum became a valuable industrial tool in the 20th century with the introduction of incandescent light bulbs and vacuum tubes, and a wide array of vacuum technology has since become available.

Vacuum tubes and sprytrons are some of the electronic switching and amplifying devices based on vacuum conductivity.

* The Comprise, a computer-mediated hive mind which has taken over Earth, in the novel Vacuum Flowers by Michael Swanwick.

Short path vacuum distillation apparatus with vertical condenser ( cold finger ), to minimize the distillation path ; 1: Still pot with stirrer bar / anti-bumping granules 2: Cold finger – bent to direct condensate 3: Cooling water out 4: cooling water in 5: Vacuum / gas inlet 6: Distillate flask / distillate.

– N. 6 – Series: “ Vacuum, pure materials, superconductors ” ( 19 ).

Vacuum tubes use the flow of electrons to manipulate electrical signals, and they played a critical role in the development of electronics technology.

Vacuum tubes were one of the earliest electronic components.

Vacuum tubes are still used in some specialist applications such as high power RF amplifiers, cathode ray tubes, specialist audio equipment and some microwave devices.

* Human Exposure to Vacuum web page, discussing the effects of vacuum on an unprotected human.

Vacuum tube ( thermionic valve ) amplifiers gave way to solid state transistors, and then rapidly to integrated circuits which continue to improve, placing millions of electrical switches ( typically transistors ) on a single elaborately manufactured piece of semi-conductor the size of a fingernail.

Vacuum pumps were added to the tubing systems, and preheaters were developed to recycle heat lost in the steam.

* Vacuum tubes create a distortion, the so-called tube sound, that some people find to be more tolerable to the ear.

* Vacuum channel transistor: In 2012, NASA and the National Nanofab Center in South Korea were reported to have built a prototype vacuum channel transistor in only 150 nanometers in size, can be manufactured cheaply using standard silicon semiconductor processing, can operate at high speeds even in hostile environments, and could consume just as much power as a standard transistor.

Vacuum tubes are obsolete in consumer electronics, having been replaced by solid-state devices.

Vacuum tubes are thus used for rectification, amplification, switching, or similar processing or creation of electrical signals.

Vacuum tubes were critical to the development of electronic technology, which drove the expansion and commercialization of radio broadcasting, television, radar, sound reinforcement, sound recording and reproduction, large telephone networks, analog and digital computers, and industrial process control.

Vacuum tube diode: electrons from the hot cathode flow towards the positive anode, but not vice versa.

Vacuum tube triode: voltage applied to the grid controls plate ( anode ) current.