Varāhamihira's classical work Brihatsamhita, written about 500 AD, provides clear evidence that a deep knowledge of atmospheric processes existed even in those times.

) ( 1981 ) Varāhamihira's Bṛhat Saṁhitā.

In it, he criticizes Western ( specifically English and French ) knowledge about Western constructions of " the East ".

The phrase became a fundamental element of Western philosophy, as it was perceived to form a foundation for all knowledge.

Missionaries and scholars also brought back new ideas from other civilisations-as with the Jesuit China missions who played a significant role in the transmission of knowledge, science, and culture between China and the West, translating Western works like Euclids Elements for Chinese scholars and the thoughts of Confucius for Western audiences.

In the 14th Century, the possibility of this experiential knowledge of God was challenged by a Calabrian monk, Barlaam, who although he was formally a member of the Orthodox Church had been trained in Western Scholastic theology.

As a private teacher of theology in the Western Scholastic mode, Barlaam propounded a more intellectual and propositional approach to the knowledge of God than the Hesychasts taught.

He has drawn upon his knowledge of Western philosophy, Marxist sociology, and radical Islamist political theory to advocate a modern Islamic perspective that does not hesitate to criticize genuine societal ills while simultaneously remaining faithful to the ethical values and spiritual dimensions of religion.

According to Glinsky this was the Soviet's " decoy for capitalists " to obtain both Western profits from sales and technical knowledge.

Postmodern and poststructuralist thought question the very grounds on which Western cultures have based their ' truths ': absolute knowledge and meaning, a ' decentralization ' of authorship, the accumulation of positive knowledge, historical progress, and certain ideals and practices of humanism and the Enlightenment.

In the Western classical tradition, Prometheus became a figure who represented human striving, particularly the quest for scientific knowledge, and the risk of overreaching or unintended consequences.

Most of these are slight differences in the wording of the prayers ; for instance, Oriental Sephardic and some Hasidic prayer books state " חננו מאתך חכמה בינה ודעת ", " Graciously bestow upon us from You wisdom ( ḥochmah ), understanding ( binah ) and knowledge ( daat )", in allusion to the Kabbalistic sefirot of those names, while the Nusach Ashkenaz, as well as Western Sephardic and other Hasidic versions retain the older wording " חננו מאתך דעה בינה והשכל ", " Graciously bestow upon us from You knowledge, understanding, and reason ".

Although not instantly received into the group, Diaghilev was aided by Benois in developing his knowledge of Russian and Western art.

The Western religious philosophy called Theosophy has popularized the word Akasha as an adjective, through the use of the term " Akashic records " or " Akashic library ", referring to an ethereal compendium of all knowledge and history.

Ferdinand Magellan sighted the LMC on his voyage in 1519, and his writings brought the LMC into common Western knowledge.

He was most noted for his extensive writing on the geography, history and customs of Russia and contributed greatly to early Western European knowledge of that area.

This became the main early source of knowledge in Western Europe on Russia.

The book was the main early source of knowledge about Russia in Western Europe.

These approaches tended to emphasize local, minority, and indigenous knowledge ( Ervin 130 ) while moving away from privileging a Western nature-culture dichotomy.

By the 13th century, there were as many as twenty thousand foreign students resident in the city, making Paris the capital of knowledge of the Western world.

They brought to Western Europe the far greater preserved and accumulated knowledge of their own civilization.

The 14 points for management in industry, education, and government follow naturally as application of this outside knowledge, for transformation from the present style of Western management to one of optimization.

The trainings in Chinese and English as well as knowledge of Chinese and Western literature provided by the fifteen years ' education Mao Dun received had prepared him to show up in the limelight of the Chinese journalistic and literary arena.

These keys are the working principles of physics, mathematics and astronomy, principles which are then extrapolated, or projected, to explain phenomena of which we have little or no direct knowledge.

These displayed his prolific habits and literally encyclopedic knowledge of topics such as logic, theology, botany, geography, astronomy, astrology, mineralogy, chemistry, zoology, physiology, phrenology and others ; all of which were the result of logic and observation.

They pointed out that astrologers have only a small knowledge of astronomy and that they often do not take into account basic features such as the precession of the equinoxes which would change the position of the sun with time ; they commented on the example of Elizabeth Teissier who claimed that " the sun ends up in the same place in the sky on the same date each year " as the basis for claims that two people with the same birthday but a number of years apart should be under the same planetary influence.

Space Shuttle Challenger is depicted ascending toward the heavens in search of new knowledge in the field of solar and stellar astronomy, with its Spacelab 2 payload.

Note that unlike Hypatia he did not study ' mathematics, philosophy and astronomy ', thus he and his followers came into conflict with the ancient University of Alexandria which pursued all forms of knowledge including science and human anatomy, politics and history according to the model inaugurated by Alexander the Great, the founder of Alexandria.

Verses in the latter work mention Oxford's knowledge of astronomy, history, languages and music.

In Chinese astronomy some of them are located in the Black Tortoise of the North ( 北方玄武, Běi Fāng Xuán Wǔ ), while the rest were placed among the Southern Asterisms ( 近南極星區, Jìnnánjíxīngōu ) by Xu Guangqi, based on knowledge of western star charts.

His interest in astronomy, combined with his knowledge of French and other subjects considered arcane in Asunción, caused some superstitious Paraguayans to regard him as a wizard capable of predicting the future.

Greek contributions to science — including works of geometry and mathematical astronomy, early accounts of biological processes and catalogs of plants and animals, and theories of knowledge and learning — were produced by philosophers and physicians, as well as practitioners of various trades.

Astrology and astronomy became an important area of knowledge, and the role of astronomer / astrologer developed with the support of political and religious patronage.

By the time of the medieval university system, knowledge was divided into the trivium — philosophy, including natural philosophy — and the quadrivium — mathematics, including astronomy.

Since all his own works are lost, knowledge of him is obtained from secondary sources, such as Aratus's poem on astronomy.

Laputa's population consists mainly of educated people, who are fond of mathematics, astronomy, music and technology, but fail to make practical use of their knowledge.

At the Kraków Academy he impressed students by his extraordinary knowledge of literature, and taught mathematics and astronomy.

Banneker's knowledge of astronomy also helped him author a commercially successful series of almanacs.

One biographer has suggested that Banneka may have been a member of the Dogon tribe that were reported to have knowledge of astronomy.

Molly supposedly freed and married Banneka, who may have shared his knowledge of astronomy with her.

Although born after Banneka's death, Benjamin may have acquired some knowledge of astronomy from Molly.

Hapgood concluded that advanced cartographic knowledge appears on the Piri Reis map and the Oronteus Finaeus map, and must be the result of some unknown and advanced ancient civilization that developed astronomy, navigational instruments, plane geometry and trigonometry, long before Greece or any other known civilization.

Radio astronomy has led to substantial increases in astronomical knowledge, particularly with the discovery of several classes of new objects, including pulsars, quasars and radio galaxies.

During the late 8th and 9th centuries Harran was a centre for translating works of astronomy, philosophy, natural sciences, and medicine from Greek to Syriac by Assyrians, and thence to Arabic, bringing the knowledge of the classical world to the emerging Arabic-speaking civilization in the south.

By 1126, Adelard returned to the West with the intention of spreading the knowledge he had gained about Arab astronomy and geometry to the Latin world.

Rather than giving supernatural or mythological explanations for these events, Ibn al-Nafis attempted to explain these plot elements using the scientific knowledge of biology, astronomy, cosmology and geology known in his time.

" Indeed, on the importance of astronomical knowledge, Faber states that " it's astronomy that puts us in perspective ; it tells us where we come from, and cosmically, where we're going.

Hipparchus had some knowledge of Mesopotamian astronomy, and he felt that Greek models should match those of the Babylonians in accuracy.