The Varna Necropolis, Bulgaria, is internationally considered one of the key archaeological sites in world prehistory.

The total weight of more than 3000 golden artifacts found in Varna necropolis is near 6. 5 kg.

* 1444 – Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna ( aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw III of Poland ) are crushed by the Turks under Sultan Murad II and Vladislaus is killed.

* September 29 – Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829: Varna is taken by the Russian army.

* September 29, 1828 – Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829: Varna is taken by the Russian army.

The centerpiece of this culture is the Varna Necropolis, discovered in the early 1970s.

Władysław III of Varna is known in Hungarian as I. Ulászló ; in Polish as Władysław Warneńczyk ; in Slovak as Vladislav I ; in Czech as Vladislav Varnenčík ; in Bulgarian as Vladislav Varnenchik ( Владислав Варненчик ); in Lithuanian as Vladislovas III ; in Croatian as Vladislav I. Jagelović.

As a sign of respect, there is a boulevard in Varna, called Vladislav Varnenchik, a residential district in Varna with the same name, as well as a successful football team named Vladislav Varna in past times.

There is also a park with symbolic cenotaph of Wladislaus III in Varna, located in an ancient Thracian burial mound.

It is located northwest of Plovdiv, Bulgaria's second largest city, west of Burgas and west of Varna, Bulgaria's major port-cities on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast.

Varna (, pronounced ) is the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and the third-largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia and Plovdiv with a population of 334, 870 inhabitants as of February, 2011.

It is the administrative centre of the homonymous province and Varna Municipality.

Commonly referred to as the marine ( or summer ) capital of Bulgaria, Varna is a major tourist destination, business and university centre, seaport, and headquarters of the Bulgarian Navy and merchant marine, as well as the centre of Varna Province and Bulgaria's North-Eastern planning region ( NUTS II ), comprising also the provinces of Dobrich, Shumen, and Targovishte.

Varna is connected to other Black Sea cities by the submarine Black Sea Fiber Optical Cable System.

Temperatures in summer usually vary between 20 – 25 degrees in the night and 27 – 35 during the day, in June, July and August temperatures above 40 C are rare because of the breeze winds and in Varna and the all Bulgarian Black Sea coast is cooler than other parts in the country.

Asparukh fortified the Varna river lowland by a rampart against a possible Byzantine landing ; the Asparuhov val ( Asparukh's Wall ) is still standing.

Ladislaus III was killed in a bold attempt to capture the sultan, earning the sobriquet Warneńczyk ( of Varna in Polish ; he is also known as Várnai Ulászló in Hungarian or Ladislaus Varnensis in Latin ).

Today, there is a cenotaph of Ladislaus III in Varna.

It has a significant further development potential with 44 km ( 27 mi ) of sheltered inland waterfront on the lakes alone, easily accessible by road and railroad and adjacent to Varna International Airport.

The Prakrits became literary languages, generally patronized by ancient Indian kings identified with the Kshatriya Varna of Hinduism, but were regarded as illegitimate by the orthodoxy.

* November 10 – Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Ladislas of Poland and Hungary are crushed by the Turks under Sultan Murad II.

A Polish-Hungarian crusade commanded by Władysław III of Poland set out to free the Bulgaria and the Balkans in 1444, but the Turks emerged victorious at the battle of Varna.

The Battle of Varna by Stanislav Chelebowski

In April 2008, Varna was designated seat of the Black Sea Euro-Region ( a new regional organization, not identical to the Black Sea Euroregion ) by the Council of Europe.

The city occupies on verdant terraces ( Varna monocline of the Moesian platform ) descending from the calcareous Franga Plateau ( height ) on the north and Avren Plateau on the south, along the horseshoe-shaped Varna Bay of the Black Sea, the elongated Lake Varna, and two artificial waterways connecting the bay and the lake and bridged by the Asparuhov most.

It has been suggested that the 681 peace treaty with the Byzantine Empire that established the new Bulgarian state was concluded at Varna and the first Bulgarian capital south of the Danube may have been provisionally located in its vicinity — possibly in an ancient city near Lake Varna's north shore named Theodorias ( Θεοδωριάς ) by Justinian I — before it moved to Pliska 70 km to the west.

Numerous 7th-century Bulgar settlements have been excavated across the city and further west ; the Varna lakes north shores, of all regions, were arguably most densely populated by Bulgars.

In the late 9th and the first half of the 10th century, Varna was the site of a principal scriptorium of the Preslav Literary School at a monastery endowed by Boris I who may have also used it as his monastic retreat.

By the late 13th century, with the Treaty of Nymphaeum of 1261, the offensive-defensive alliance between Michael VIII Palaeologus and Genoa that opened up the Black Sea to Genoese commerce, Varna had turned into a thriving commercial port city frequented by Genoese and later also by Venetian and Ragusan merchant ships.

The city introduced its own monetary standard, the Varna perper, by the mid-14th century ; Bulgarian and Venetian currency exchange rate was fixed by a treaty.

It operated scheduled domestic and international services from Sofia and Varna, as well as charter, cargo and air ambulance services.

An inauguration ceremony for the airline and its first scheduled air service, between Sofia, Ruse, and Varna, was held at Sofia Bozhurishte Airport on 25 October 1927.

Major industries traditionally include transportation ( Navibulgar, Port of Varna, Varna International Airport ), distribution ( Logistics Park Varna ), shipbuilding ( see also Oceanic-Creations ), ship repair, and other marine industries.

Baryshnikov soon won the top prize in the junior division of the Varna International Ballet Competition.

In 1980, she was awarded the bronze medal at the World Ballet Concours in Japan, and the gold medal at the International Competition in Varna, Bulgaria, where she also received the Exceptional Artistic Achievement Award.

The airline was founded and started operations in 1990 as Varna International Airways.

Buses 9, 89 and 109 connect the resort to Varna Railway Station, bus 409 connects to Varna International Airport via the city centre and buses 209 and 309 connect to other areas of Varna.

In 1983 Guillem won the gold medal at the Varna International Ballet Competition, which later in the year earned her her first solo role, dancing the Queen of the Driads in Rudolf Nureyev's staging of Don Quixote.

* 1983: Gold medal at the Varna International Ballet Competition

The second-and third-largest airports, Varna Airport and Burgas Airport, serve mainly charter flights and have regular domestic links with the capital.

The Varna Airport with its mainly tourist 1, 181, 830 passangers ( 2011 ) rank third in Bulgaria after the Burgas and Sofia Airport.

* Varna Airport IATA airport code

The airports serving Sunny Beach are Burgas Airport ( around 25 km and 50 Leva by taxi or 6 Leva by bus, August 2012 ) and Varna Airport ( around 100 km and 100-120 Leva by taxi, August 2010 ).

Varna Airport ( Bulgarian: Летище Варна, Letishte Varna ) and also known as Aksakovo Airport is the airport of Varna, the historical maritime capital of Bulgaria.

Varna Airport is the third largest airport in Bulgaria.

In June 2006, the Bulgarian Government awarded Fraport AG Frankfurt Airport Services Worldwide a 35 year long concession on both Varna and Burgas airports in return for investments exceeding € 500 million.

Its main base was Sofia Airport, with a hub at Varna Airport.

Bulgaria Air operates 22 routes from Sofia Airport, including two domestic routes to Bourgas and Varna.