In 1543 De humani corporis fabrica, the first book on human anatomy, was published and printed in Basel by Andreas Vesalius ( 1514 – 1564 ).

His anatomical reports, based mainly on dissection of monkeys and pigs, remained uncontested until 1543, when printed descriptions and illustrations of human dissections were published in the seminal work De humani corporis fabrica by Andreas Vesalius where Galen's physiological theory was accommodated to these new observations.

Vesalius ' most famous work, De humani corporis fabrica, was greatly influenced by Galenic writing and form.

Since Galen states that he is using observations of monkeys ( human dissection was prohibited ) to give an account of what the body looks like, Vesalius could portray himself as using Galen's approach of description of direct observation to create a record of the exact details of the human body, since he worked in a time when human dissection was allowed.

One of the best known examples of Vesalius ' overturning of Galenism was his demonstration that the interventricular septum of the heart was not permeable, as Galen had taught ( Nat Fac III xv ).

Michael Servetus, using the name " Michel de Villeneuve " during his stay in France, was Vesalius ' fellow student and the best Galenist at the University of Paris, according to Johann Winter von Andernach, who taught both.

It was this access to corpses which allowed the anatomist Vesalius along with Titian's pupil Jan Stephen van Calcar to complete the revolutionary medical / anatomical text De humani corporis fabrica.

Andreas Vesalius ( 1514 – 1564 ) was an author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica, also in 1543.

Andreas Vesalius ( 31 December 1514 – 15 October 1564 ) was a Flemish anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica ( On the Structure of the Human Body ).

In 1528 Vesalius entered the University of Leuven ( Pedagogium Castrense ) taking arts, but when his father was appointed as the Valet de Chambre in 1532, he decided to pursue a career in medicine at the University of Paris, where he moved in 1533.

Vesalius was forced to leave Paris in 1536 due to the opening of hostilities between the Holy Roman Empire and France, and returned to Leuven.

So paramount was the authority of Galen that for the next 1400 years, a succession of anatomists claimed to find these holes until finally Vesalius declared he could not find them.

Other famous examples of Vesalius disproving Galen in particular was his discovery that the lower jaw was only one bone, not two ( which Galen had assumed from animal dissection ) and his proof that blood did not pass through the interatrial septum.

Later that year Vesalius asked Johannes Oporinus to help publish the seven-volume De humani corporis fabrica ( On the fabric of the human body ), a groundbreaking work of human anatomy he dedicated to Charles V. Most believe it was illustrated by Titian's pupil Jan Stephen van Calcar.

Though Vesalius ' work was not the first such work based on actual autopsy, nor even the first work of this era, the production values, highly detailed and intricate plates, and the fact that the artists who produced it were clearly present at the dissections themselves made it into an instant classic.

Vesalius was 30 years old when the first edition of Fabrica was published.

Soon after publication, Vesalius was invited as Imperial physician to the court of Emperor Charles V. He informed the Venetian Senate that he was leaving his post in Padua, which prompted Duke Cosimo I de ' Medici to invite him to move to the expanding university in Pisa, which he turned down.

Vesalius ' work was cleared by the board, but the attacks continued.

* October 15 – Vesalius, Flemish anatomist ( born 1514 )

Vesalius is the Latinized form of Andries van Wesel.

In 1543, Vesalius asked Johannes Oporinus to help publish the seven-volume De humani corporis fabrica ( On the fabric of the human body ), a groundbreaking work of human anatomy he dedicated to Charles V and which most believe was illustrated by Titian's pupil Jan Stephen van Calcar, though others believe was illustrated by different artists working in the studio of Titian, and not from Van Calcar himself.

* Bibliography van Andreas Vesalius

In the 1530s, the Flemish anatomist and physician Andreas Vesalius took on a project to translate many of Galen's Greek texts into Latin.

The Lyon edition has commentaries on breathing and blood streaming that correct the work of earlier renowned authors such as Vesalius, Caius or Janus Cornarius.

In the 1530s, however, Belgian anatomist and physician Andreas Vesalius took on a project to translate many of Galen's Greek texts into Latin.

Vesalius, on the other hand, carried out dissection as the primary teaching tool, handling the actual work himself while his students clustered around the table.

Vesalius, undeterred, went on to stir up more controversy, this time disproving not just Galen but also Mondino de Liuzzi and even Aristotle ; all three had made assumptions about the functions and structure of the heart that were clearly wrong.

However, while Vesalius dared to admit he could not find these holes, he did not dream of disputing Galen on the distribution of blood, and so imagined it distilled through the unbroken partition between the ventricles.

In 1564 Vesalius went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.

It appears the story was spread by Hubert Languet, who served as de Saxe under Emperor Charles V and then under the Prince of Orange, who claimed in 1565 that Vesalius was performing an autopsy on an aristocrat in Spain when it was found that the heart was still beating, leading to the Inquisition condemning him to death.

* Vesalius ' work on the vascular and circulatory systems was his greatest contribution to the complex and modern medicine.

By overthrowing the Galenic tradition and relying on his own observations, Vesalius created a new scientific method.

During the twentieth century, the American artist, Jacob Lawrence created his Vesalius Suite based on the anatomical drawings of Andreas Vesalius.

* A 2008 play for the theatre on Vesalius

In 1543, Andreas Vesalius inaugurated the modern era of Western medicine with his seminal human anatomy treatise De humani corporis fabrica, which was based on dissection of corpses.

Vesalius was the first in a series of anatomists who gradually replaced scholasticism with empiricism in physiology and medicine, relying on first-hand experience rather than authority and abstract reasoning.

Extending the work of Vesalius into experiments on still living bodies ( of both humans and animals ), William Harvey and other natural philosophers investigated the roles of blood, veins and arteries.

The ancient physician Galen mistakenly thought that humans also have a rete mirabile in the neck, apparently based on dissection of sheep and misidentifying the results with the human carotid sinus, and ascribed important properties to it ; it fell to Berengario da Carpi first, and then to Vesalius to demonstrate the error.

Also Vesalius claimed he had written some " dispensariums " and " manuals " on the works of Galenus.

In 1550, Andreas Vesalius worked on a case of hydrocephalus, or fluid filling the brain.

* December 31 – Vesalius, Flemish anatomist ( d. 1564 )