By the Victorian period in the 19th century historians were more inclined to draw on the judgements of the chroniclers and to focus on John's moral personality.

Victorian and Edwardian historians had rarely addressed this question, but in 1948 historian John Harvey challenged what he perceived as " the conspiracy of silence " surrounding Richard's homosexuality.

England had suffered extensively from the war by 1147, leading to later Victorian historians terming the conflict the period of " the Anarchy ".

Other prominent academics associated with the University include Geoffrey Bennington, the creator of the MA programme in Modern French Thought ( Derrida, Lyotard ); Homi K. Bhabha ( postcolonialism ); Rachel Bowlby ( feminism, Woolf, Freud ); Geoff Cloke FRS ( Inorganic Chemistry ); Jonathan Dollimore ( Renaissance literature, gender and queer studies ); Katy Gardner ( social anthropology ); Gabriel Josipovici ( Dante, the Bible ); Michael Land FRS ( Animal Vision-Frink Medal )); Michael Lappert FRS ( Inorganic Chemistry ); Alan Lehmann FRS ( Genetics and Genome Stability ); ( Laura Marcus ( Woolf ); John Murrell FRS ( Theoretical Chemistry ); Peter Nicholls ( Pound, modernism ); John Nixon FRS ( Inorganic Chemistry )); Laurence Pearl FRS ( Structural Biology ); Guy Richardson FRS ( Neuroscience ); Jacqueline Rose ( feminism, psychoanalysis ); Nicholas Royle ( modern literature and theory ; deconstruction ); Alan Sinfield ( Shakespeare, sexuality, queer theory ); Norman Vance ( Victorian, classical reception ); Richard Whatmore & Knud Haakonssen ( intellectual historians ); Gavin Ashenden ( Senior Lecturer in English, University Chaplain, and Chaplain to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II ; Cedric Watts ( Conrad, Greene ); Marcus Wood ( postcolonialism ).

The terms ' Witan ' and ' Witenagemot ' are increasingly avoided by modern historians, although few would go as far as Geoffrey Hindley, who described ' witenagemot ' as an " essentially Victorian " coinage.

Victorian writers suggested that, given later events, Isabella might have helped Mortimer escape and some historians continue to argue that their relationship had already begun at this point, although most believe that there is no hard evidence for their having had a substantial relationship before meeting in Paris.

Chroniclers described the period as one in which " Christ and his saints were asleep " and Victorian historians called the conflict " the Anarchy " because of the chaos, although modern historians have questioned the accuracy of the term and some contemporary accounts.

Victorian historians such as George Clark and John Parker concluded that British castles had been built for the purposes of military defence, but believed that their history was pre-Conquest – concluding that the mottes across the countryside had been built by either the Romans or Celts.

Victorian historians even attributed the early death of Baltasar to debauchery, encouraged by the gentlemen entrusted by the king with his education.

Victorian historians, including E. A. Freeman, vilified Ranulf, and Freeman especially held that Ranulf was a " malignant genius ".

This interpretation was enhanced by the High and Late Victorian historians, James Anthony Froude and A. F. Pollard, who saw Somerset as a champion of political liberty whose desire " to do good " was thwarted by, in Pollard's phrase, " the subtlest intriguer in English History ".

* J. W. Burrow A Liberal Descent: Victorian historians and the English past ( 1981, paperback edition 1983 ).

Scholars and philanthropists The historians Kenneth Hamilton Jenkin and Charles Thomas were also born in Redruth, and the Victorian philanthropist John Passmore Edwards was born in the neighbouring village of Blackwater.

Feminist literary theory identifies Ayesha's death in the fire as a punishment for her transgression of Victorian gender boundaries. Feminist literary historians have tended to define the figure of She as a literary manifestation of male alarm over the " learned and crusading new woman ".

It was revived by architectural historians in the 1960s and popularised by the nascent conservation movement to bring attention to the complex of public Victorian buildings and the surrounding houses built on the Commissioners ' estate, that were threatened with demolition by the expansion and redevelopment plans of Imperial College.

Some historians classify the later years of Gothic Revival as a distinctive Victorian style named High Victorian Gothic.

However, historians Peter Gay and Michael Mason both point out that modern society often confuses Victorian etiquette for a lack of knowledge.

Some current historians now believe that the myth of Victorian repression can be traced back to early twentieth-century views, such as those of Lytton Strachey, a member of the Bloomsbury Group, who wrote Eminent Victorians.

By the 19th century Victorian historians incorrectly concluded that the etymology of the words " keep " and tenazza were linked, and that all keeps had fulfilled this military function.

Late Victorian historians continued to use the chroniclers as sources, but also deployed documents such as Domesday Book and Magna Carta, alongside newly discovered financial, legal and commercial records.

The best effort by local historians to place the actual site of the Mayflower finally casting off is roughly where a Victorian public house, the Admiral MacBride, now stands.

S. C. Mittal believes that Hunter " represented the official mind of the bureaucratic Victorian historians in India ", of whom James Talboys Wheeler and Alfred Comyn Lyall were other examples.

Victorian house in AlamedaDue to its proximity to the Bay, wind surfers and kite surfers can often be seen at Robert W. Crown Memorial State Beach.

Given the bias of the Victorian age, female students were denied direct study in anatomy and could not attend drawing classes with live models ( who were often prostitutes ) until a decade later.

The strong Victorian colours disappeared, though, and new publications called for white or pale threads, except for fancy purses, which were often crocheted of brightly colored silk and elaborately beaded.

A calendar era indicates a span of many years which are numbered beginning at a specific reference date ( epoch ), which often marks the origin of a political state or cosmology, dynasty, ruler, the birth of a leader, or another significant historical or mythological event ; it is generally called after its focus accordingly as in Victorian era.

In Victorian times the epigram couplet was often used by the prolific American poet Emily Dickinson.

Styles of dress within the subculture range from deathrock, punk and Victorian style attire, or combinations of the above, most often with dark attire, makeup and hair.

Styles are often borrowed from the Elizabethan, Victorian or medieval period and often express pagan, occult or other religious imagery such as pentacles or medieval crosses.

The often sympathetic investigations, with their immediacy and unswerving eye for detail, offered unprecedented insights into the condition of the Victorian poor.

Mayhew also often appears as a character in television and radio histories of Victorian London, played by Timothy West in the documentary London ( 2004 ) and by David Haig in the Afternoon Play A Chaos of Wealth and Want ( 2010 ).

A typical Victorian koala ( formerly P. cinereus victor ) has longer, thicker fur ; is a darker, softer grey, often with chocolate-brown highlights on the back and forearms ; and has a more prominently light-coloured ventral side and fluffy white ear tufts.

Lugh's name was formerly interpreted as deriving from the Proto-Indo-European root * leuk -, " flashing light ", and he is often surrounded by solar imagery, so from Victorian times he has often been considered a sun god, similar to the Greco-Roman Apollo though historically he is only ever equated with Mercury ( citation ?).

This includes Victorian, which often negatively suggests sexual repression and class conflict.

* Steampunk is based on the idea of futuristic technology existing in the past, usually the 19th century, and often set in Victorian era England — but with prominent elements of either science fiction or fantasy, such as fictional technological inventions like those found in the works of H. G. Wells and Jules Verne, or real technological developments like the computer occurring at an earlier date.

Works of steampunk often feature anachronistic technology, or futuristic innovations as Victorians might have envisioned them, based on a Victorian perspective on fashion, culture, architectural style, and art.

Victorian and Edwardian tablespoons used in the UK are often 25 ml or sometimes larger.

In Victorian times people often booked formal funeral photographers when they could afford it.

They often transport viewers to other worlds or eras: ancient times, biblical times, the Middle Ages, the Victorian era, or turn-of-the-century America.

Gilbert, Sullivan, Carte and other Victorian era British composers, librettists and producers, as well as the contemporary British press and literature, called works of this kind " comic operas " to distinguish their content and style from that of the often risqué continental European operettas that they wished to displace.

The most recent development is characterised by some interesting one-off conversions and extensions to Victorian properties ; new housing by developers that often follows designs based on the brick architecture of the South of England ; and contemporary steel framed commercial and leisure buildings.

People often dress up for the occasion in Victorian attire, as seen in this photo.

At the same time that he made these initial ventures into outdoor themes, Eakins produced a series of domestic Victorian interiors, often with his father, his sisters or friends as the subjects.

Arthur in the story is often seen as an embodiment of Victorian ideals ; he is said to be " ideal manhood closed in real man " and the " stainless gentleman.