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Viols were first constructed much like the vihuela de mano, with all surfaces, top, back, and sides made from flat slabs or pieces of joined wood, bent or curved as required.
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Viols and were
Viols and violins were provided with sound posts to enhance their sound.
Viols were ( and are ) strung with gut strings of lower tension than on the members of the violin family, let alone the steel strings mostly used there today.
Viols were second in popularity only to the lute ( although this is disputed ), and like lutes, were very often played by amateurs.
Viols were primarily household instruments, played by well-to-do, educated members of society, as a pleasant and cultured way of passing time.
Viols and from
Viols are different in several respects from instruments of the violin family.
" In Search of the Earliest Viols: Interpreting the Evidence from a Painting by Lorenzo Costa ".
A recent disc is Birds on Fire: Jewish Music for Viols which presents some of the music composed by Italian-Jewish composers from the Bassano & Lupo families, who came to England to work at the court of Henry VIII in 1540.
Viols and .
Viols most commonly had six strings, although many 16th-century instruments had five or even four strings.
Viols are fretted in a manner similar to early guitars or lutes, by means of movable wrapped-around and tied-on gut frets.
Viols sometimes had as many as four small C-holes — one placed in each corner of the bouts — but more commonly, they had two.
Many fine modern viol consorts ( ensembles ) are also recording and performing, among them the groups Fretwork, ORLANDOviols, the Rose Consort of Viols, Phantasm and Sirius Viols.
The Yukimi Kambe Viol Consort has commissioned and recorded many works by David Loeb, and the New York Consort of Viols has commissioned Bülent Arel, David Loeb, Daniel Pinkham, Tison Street, Frank Russo, Seymour Barab, William Presser, and Will Ayton, many of these compositions appearing on their 1993 CD Illicita Cosa.
: Rose Consort of Viols.
* Thomas Weelkes – Madrigals Of 5. and 6. parts, apt for the Viols and voices
Gambenensemble " The Earle his Viols ", ( Irene Klein, Jessica Marshall, Brigitte Gasser, Randall Cook ) ; Evelyn Tubb, soprano ; Marie Nishiyama, harp.
Evelyn Tubb, soprano ; The Earle His Viols, Richard Earle, ( Irene Klein, Jessica Marshall, Brigitte Gasser, Randall Cook ), Marie Nishiyama, harp.
The Pavans, Galliards, Almains and other short Aeirs, both grave and light, in five parts, for Viols, Violins, recorders or other Musicall Winde Instruments was published in 1599 and consisted of 65 of his own compositions.
In modern times, a number of ensembles have adopted the term Consort in their names, such as the Jaye Consort, the Morley Consort, the Early Music Consort of London, the Purcell Consort of Voices, the Consort of Voices, the Quadriga Consort, the Locke Brass Consort, and the Rose Consort of Viols.
*" Birds on Fire: Jewish Music for Viols "-music by Thomas Lupo, Orlando Gough etc.
were and first
At first they were only feathers and dark indistinguishable faces and bodies, hunched over their horses' heads.
Two of the new hands, a Mexican named Jose Amado and a kid known only as Laredo, were picked for the first trick of riding night herd.
After the first two murders, the warning notes were rarely ignored.
Even the knowledge that she was losing another boy, as a mother always does when a marriage is made, did not prevent her from having the first carefree, dreamless sleep that she had known since they dropped down the canyon and into Bear Valley, way, way back there when they were crossing those other mountains.
Out of compulsion to say something cheery, Ben Prime blurted, `` Well, we were lucky to be on soft ground when the first floodheads hit.
His political opponent and lifetime friend, Thomas Jefferson, achieved immortality through his authorship of the Declaration of Independence, but equally notable were the legal and constitutional reforms he instituted in his native Virginia, his role as father of our territorial system, and his acquisition of the Louisiana Territory during his first term as President.
This is the primary function of the imagination operating in the absence of the original experiential stimulus by which the images were first appropriated.
Before being daughter, wife, or mother, before being cultured ( a word now bereft both socially and politically of the sheen you children of frontiersmen bestowed on it ), before being sorry for the poor, progressive about public health, and prettily if somewhat imprecisely humanitarian, indeed first and foremost, you were a lady.
Even the first wave of homesickness had passed, although there were moments when Captain Heard pointed out on his compass the direction of Bradford that she felt a little twinge at her heart.
When they were first written, there was evidently no thought of their being published, and those which refer to the writer's love for Mrs. Meynell particularly have the ring of truth.
The evening of our first day we drove with Christopher and Judy Sakellariadis, who were friends and patients of Norton, to dine at a restaurant on the shores of the Aegean.
So persistent were these attacks that in March of the following year, Woodruff was finally moved to action, and Pike was to learn his first lesson in frontier politics, the subtle art of diversion.
In the next few months of comparative silence, Pike waited patiently until conditions were perfect for a new attack, and then, displaying a remarkable grasp of the subtleties of political infighting, gained from his first bout with Woodruff, he used these changed conditions to excellent advantage.
Although this kind of wholesale objection came at first from some men who were not technically Puritans, still, once the Puritans gained power, they climaxed the affair by passing the infamous ordinance of 1642 which decreed that all `` public stage-plays shall cease and be forborne ''.
Our first impression of the data was that the students were surprisingly orthodox and religiously involved.
But all the reports of this first embassy show that the two Savoyards were the heads of it, for they were the only ones who were empowered to swear for the king that he would abide by the pope's decision and who were allowed to appoint deputies in the event that one was unavoidably absent.
the Low Countries, where the Middle Ages were to last for another two centuries and die out only when Charles the Bold of Burgundy met his first defeat in the fields and forests below the walls of Grandson.
It was the first American war in which the death rate from disease was lower than that from battle, due to the provision of trained medical personnel ( of the 200,000 officers, 42,000 were physicians ), compulsory vaccination, rigorous camp sanitation, and adequate hospital facilities.
There were several men of ninety or more whom I knew first or last, all of whom were still productive and most of whom knew one another as if they had naturally come together at the apex of their lives.
It met a serious rebuff in New Orleans, where the two schools selected for the first moves toward integration were boycotted by white parents.
These microfossils indicate the swamp was `` formed during the Lower Cretaceous period when dinosaurs were at their heyday and when the first flowering plants were just appearing.
were and constructed
Of these exhibits, 154 were newly constructed.
The Chenoweth brothers were experienced bridge builders, and against the competition of other, and better known, bridge designers and builders they had constructed nine of the covered, wooden bridges on the Parkersburg and Staunton Turnpike a dozen years before, as well as many other bridges for several counties.
The sewer on Bonnet Street was constructed when there were only a few houses on the street.
Today, abaci are often constructed as a bamboo frame with beads sliding on wires, but originally they were beans or stones moved in grooves in sand or on tablets of wood, stone, or metal.
Though simple and compound walls were often used, Great Houses were primarily constructed of core-and-veneer walls: two parallel load-bearing walls comprising dressed, flat sandstone blocks bound in clay mortar were erected.
Chacoan and other structures constructed originally along astronomical alignments, and thought to have served important ceremonial purposes to the culture, were systematically dismantled.
In addition, houses for public officials and missionaries, and outstations for police and surveyors were also constructed during Gawler's governorship.
* The School of " Minor-talks ", which was not a unique school of thought, but a philosophy constructed of all the thoughts which were discussed by and originated from normal people on the street.
During a complex creation myth in which the cosmic cow licked Buri free from the ice, the sons of Buri's son, Bor, who were Odin, Vili and Vé, constructed the universe and put Midgard in it as a residence for the first human couple, Ask and Embla, whom they created from driftwood trees in Section 9.
The sons of Bor then constructed Asgard ( to be identified with Troy, Snorri insists in section 9 ) as a home for the Æsir, who were divinities.
The site was abandoned soon after the city's massive walls were constructed, its temple rebuilt and its grain production reorganised.
During the 3rd century, under threat from a Herulian invasion, repairs were made to the Acropolis walls, and the " Beulé Gate " was constructed to restrict entrance in front of the Propylaia, thus returning the Acropolis to use as a fortress.
Cuirasses and helmets were manufactured in Japan as early as the 4th century. Tankō, worn by foot soldiers and keikō, worn by horsemen were both pre-samurai types of early Japanese armour constructed from iron plates connected together by leather thongs.
New ships were increasingly constructed to a standard pattern and designated battleships or armoured cruisers.
The walls were constructed of red, white and black rock quarried from the moats, and were covered with brass, tin and the precious metal orichalcum, respectively.
Tetrapylones were constructed at the other junctions between the main roads.
He ensured roadways were begun, aqueducts were constructed or improved, and that a new mosque was well funded in his capital at Córdoba.
A number of bridges, both for military and commercial purposes, were constructed by the Mughal administration in India.
; although in that book, Pris was the replicant double of Rachael, and there was no suggestion that replicants were constructed based on human templates.
The buildings of the Industrial Revolution in Britain were largely constructed of brick and timber due to the demand created.
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