* Volcanic hosted massive sulfide ( VHMS ) Cu-Pb-Zn including ;

Metamorphosed basalts are important hosts for a variety of hydrothermal ore deposits, including gold deposits, copper deposits, volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits and others.

This was a very rich volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit, so rich that the ore was shipped directly to the smelter.

These phases are typically formed in an aphanitic equigranular granoblastic massive sulfide phase, or as matrix ore or disseminated sulfides held within the overlying silicate rock matrix.

Intact magmatic massive sulfide is rarely preserved as, aside from the Norilsk deposit, most deposits of nickeliferous sulfide have been metamorphosed.

Metamorphism, especially if it is of at least middle greenschist facies, will cause the solid massive sulfide to revert to MSS.

* volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit

The metal sulfides that are deposited can become massive sulfide ore deposits in time.

In 2005, Neptune Resources NL, a mineral exploration company, applied for and was granted 35, 000 km² of exploration rights over the Kermadec Arc in New Zealand's Exclusive Economic Zone to explore for seafloor massive sulfide deposits, a potential new source of lead-zinc-copper sulfides formed from modern hydrothermal vent fields.

Hydrothermal vents, in some instances, have led to the formation of exploitable mineral resources via deposition of seafloor massive sulfide deposits.

According to an in-depth analyses by Barley and others ( 2005 ), 2. 78 billion years ago submarine magmatism culminated with the eruption of extensive suites of mantle plume derived komatiites at 2. 72 to 2. 70 Ga. Extensive hydrothermal activity produced volcanic massive sulfide mineralization and banded iron formation ( BIF ) deposition in anoxic arc-related basins.

It is the result of slow hydrothermal fluid alteration or metasomatism of the basaltic sheeted dike complex and associated plagiogranites that occurs below the massive sulfide ore deposits which occur in ophiolites.

* Seafloor massive sulfide deposits

These vents are forming volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits on the ocean floor.

EHUX blooms regionally act as an important source of calcium carbonate and dimethyl sulfide, the massive production of which can have a significant impact not only on the properties of the surface mixed layer, but also on global climate ( Balch et al., 1991 ).

The volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit is located at the border of the Ordovician to the Llandovery epoch the ore is covered by an overlying layer of volcanic rhyolites.

Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits ( VMS ) are a type of metal sulfide ore deposit, mainly Cu-Zn-Pb which are associated with and created by volcanic-associated hydrothermal events in submarine environments.

These deposits are also sometimes called volcanic-hosted massive sulfide ( VHMS ) deposits.

Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits are forming today on the seafloor around undersea volcanoes along many mid ocean ridges, and within back-arc basins and forearc rifts.

Mineral exploration companies are exploring for seafloor massive sulfide deposits ; however, most exploration is concentrated in the search for land-based equivalents of these deposits.

Some volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits are distinctive in that ore deposits are formed in close temporal association with submarine volcanism and are formed by hydrothermal circulation and exhalation of sulfides which are independent of sedimentary processes.

There is a subclass of VMS deposits, the volcanic-and sediment-hosted massive sulfide ( VSHMS ) deposits, that do share characteristics that are hybrid between the VMS and SEDEX deposits.

If caving stops and removal of ore from the drawbells continues, a large void may form, resulting in the potential for a sudden and massive collapse and potentially catastrophic windblast throughout the mine.

Many companies processed the massive piles of " overburden " that had been removed from copper mines, or expanded the existing open-pit mines to extract the gold ore. Gold mines as widespread as the Robinson project near Ruth, and AmSelco's Alligator Ridge mine from Ely, kept the town alive during the 1980s and 1990s, until the recent revival of copper mining.

Other sources of magnetite iron ore include metamorphic accumulations of massive magnetite ore such as at Savage River, Tasmania, formed by shearing of ophiolite ultramafics.

At Duluth, trains of up to eighty 100-ton open cars are moved out on massive ore docks to be dumped into " lakers " of up to 60, 000 tons weight for movement to steel mills in Indiana and Ohio.

Iron mining operations on the Mesabi range took place in enormous open pit mines where steam shovels and other industrial machines could remove massive amounts of ore. Amid worries that the rich hematite ore would give out, mining operations turned to low grade taconite as a source of iron ore in the second half of the 20th century.

A popular misconception is that small veins of gold or silver ore in a mining district are necessarily branches of a single rich and massive mother lode deep in the ground.

The Terra miniseries revealed that she is a member of an alien race called Stratans who live below the Earth's surface in a massive subterranean cave called Strata which is actually the empty spacesuit of a long dead cosmic extraterrestrial, and possesses a rare mutation granted by a unique ore called " quixium " that grants her the earth powers she wields.

They maintain a massive global military-industrial complex with mines, ore refineries, light production plants and heavy industrial manufacturing facilities throughout Stroggos.

Although the gold ore was lean, it was a massive deposit that remained as an active mine until 2002.

The railway connects the company's massive iron ore mine at Mont-Wright in Northeastern Québec with the company's processing plant and port at Port-Cartier, formerly Shelter Bay, which is located on the northern banks of the St. Lawrence River.

In the US the first large scale use of cement was Rosendale cement a natural cement mined from a massive deposit of a large dolostone rock deposit discovered in the early 19th century near Rosendale, New York.

The French government has independently tried to defend a French firm, Areva, established in Niger for fifty years and now mining the massive Imouraren deposit.

The Stansbury, Bonneville, Provo and Gilbert shorelines each mark a time when lake level remained constant long enough to deposit massive accumulations of sand and gravel.

Other SMAW-related methods that are even less frequently used include firecracker welding, an automatic method for making butt and fillet welds, and massive electrode welding, a process for welding large components or structures that can deposit up to 60 lb ( 27 kg ) of weld metal per hour.

National Fuel leases rights to maintain and operate the 20 + wells it uses to store and regulate the natural gas it stores in the massive underground sandstone deposit.

Effective drainage, the steam pump, and warping the land ( controlled flooding to deposit silt and nutrients ) to increase fertility, saw a massive growth in population.

The Salado Formation is a massive bedded salt deposit (> 99 % NaCl ) that has a simple hydrogeology.

On July 6, 1952, Steen hit it big, finding a massive, high grade uranium deposit in the Big Indian Wash of Lisbon Valley, southeast of Moab, Utah.

Alteration not associated with the ore forming process may also be omnipresent both above and below the massive sulfide deposit.

# REDIRECT Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit

Further, the municipality of Castro Verde is crossed by the Iberian Pyrite Belt, composed of a massive volcanogenic sulfide deposit ( VMS ) associated with the polymetallic flanks of volcanic cones in the form of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena and cassiterite, that begins in Aljustrel, spreads through the lower Alentejo and extends into southern Spain.

It is host to a variety of deposit types, mesothermal gold or polymetallic, quartz vein gold and volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits (" VMS ").

The dominant deposit types are volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits and gold quartz vein deposits.

This included: massive boulders that had been displaced up the beach by enormous force ; a layer up to thick composed of sand, shells and stones within an otherwise constant deposit of mud that was found in boreholes from Devon to Gloucestershire and the Gower Peninsula ; and rock erosion characteristic of high water velocities throughout the Severn Estuary.

Upon the takeover of Urban Bank by the Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation ( PDIC ) as receiver, serious irregularities in said bank were uncovered consisting of the massive transfer of deposit funds from said bank to its affiliate, the Urbancorp Investments Inc .( UII ).