* Vowel points: niqqud for the Hebrew language and harakat for Arabic

One other paper deals with a phonologic problem: Vowel Harmony In Igbo, by J. Carnochan.

For English, this is partly because the Great Vowel Shift occurred after the orthography was established, and because English has acquired a large number of loanwords at different times, retaining their original spelling at varying levels.

* Vowel points or should not be confused with consonant points or ( إعجام ) – one, two or three dots written above or below a consonant to distinguish between letters of the same or similar form.

Vowel harmony was also developed.

In 2001, the journal Ugarit-Forschungen, Band 32 published the article " The First Inscription in Punic — Vowel Differences in Linear A and B " by Jan Best, claiming to demonstrate how and why Linear A notates an archaic form of Phoenician.

Vowel inventories of this type are still found in some branches of Niger – Congo, for example in the Ghana Togo Mountain languages.

* Vowel prothesis before an initial r in Campidanese like in Basque or Gascon: regem > urrei = re, gurrèi ' king '; rotam > arroda ' wheel ' ( Gascon arròda ); rivum > Sard.

Vowel length is indicated by a macron ( ā ) or a breve ( ă ) for long and short vowels, respectively.

Abstract Vowel Harmony Systems in Uralic and Altaic Languages.

The name may be related to ui in various medieval languages ; in Middle English it was wi, which through the Great Vowel Shift became the Modern English wy.

In addition, the Great Vowel Shift, a historical linguistic process in which the quality of many vowels in English changed while the spelling remained as it was, greatly diminished the transparency of English spelling in relation to pronunciation.

* Vowel digraphs are those spelling patterns wherein two letters are used to represent a vowel sound.

Vowel length is important in the Sauk language.

In words coming from Middle English, most cases of the Modern English diphthongs originate from the Middle English long monophthongs through the Great Vowel Shift, although some cases of originate from the Middle English diphthongs.

Vowel harmony is a type of long-distance assimilatory phonological process involving vowels that occurs in some languages.

The Scottish Vowel Length Rule lengthens a wide variety of vowel sounds in several environments, and shortens them in others ; " long " environments include when the vowel precedes a number of voiced consonant sounds.

Significantly, though, the Scots Vowel Length Rule applies only before voiced fricatives and, whereas Canadian raising is not limited in this fashion ; thus, it may represent a sort of merging of the Scots Vowel Length Rule with the general English rule lengthening vowels before voiced consonants of any sort.

The most common understanding of the Great Vowel Shift is that the Middle English vowels passed through a stage on the way to their modern pronunciations.

The English term Canaan ( pronounced /' keɪnən / since c. 1500, thanks to the Great Vowel Shift ) comes from the Hebrew ( knʿn ), via Greek Khanaan and Latin.

Vowel harmony in nonlinear generative phonology: an autosegmental model.

Vowel magnitude relationships suggest that, the larger the object, the more likely it is to have open vowel sounds in its name — e. g. / ɒ /, / eɪ /, / æ / — whereas, the smaller the object, the more likely it is to have a closed vowel sound — e. g. / iː /, / ʊ /, / juː /.

In the 800's, it was decided that the system of matres lectionis did not suffice to indicate the vowels precisely enough, so a supplemental vowel pointing systems ( niqqud ) ( diacritic symbols indicating vowel pronunciation and other important phonological features not written by the traditional basic consonantal orthography ) joined matres lectionis as part of the Hebrew writing system.

Many languages of Melanesia have ( or once had ) counting systems based on parts of the body which do not have a numeric base ; there are ( or were ) no numerals, but rather nouns for relevant parts of the body — or simply pointing to the relevant spots — were used for quantities.

Access to an alternative pointing device has become even more important for them with the dominance of graphically-oriented operating systems.

Handheld systems often have a screen with a " joystick button " for a pointing device.

Most spacecraft, however, also need fast pointing, and cannot afford the extra mass of three attitude control systems.

Coordinate systems fixed with respect to the rotating axles are defined as having their x-axis unit vectors ( and ) pointing from the origin towards one of the connection points.

Window systems are components of a graphical user interface ( GUI ), and more specifically of a desktop environment, which supports the implementation of window managers, and provides basic support for graphics hardware, pointing devices such as mice, and keyboards.

These systems can gimbal lock at zenith and nadir, because at those points azimuth is not well-defined, and rotation in the azimuth direction does not change the direction the theodolite is pointing.

In sculpture, copies have often been made using devices such as the pointing machine, the pantograph or, more recently, computer guided router systems that scan a model and can produce it in a variety of materials and in any desired size.

These systems not only give the user a digital read-out for right ascension ( RA ) declination ( dec .), they also interface with digital devices such as laptop computers, tablet computers, and smartphones using live ephemeris calculating / charting planetarium software to give a current graphical representation of where the telescope is pointing, allowing the user to quickly find an object.

Accordingly, several groups have taken this source code and compiled their own versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, typically with the only changes being the removal of any references to Red Hat's trademarks and pointing the update systems to non-Red Hat servers.

The telescope is equipped with CCD cameras allowing high quality observations to be made using it, but unlike the other telescopes on site which have computer-controlled pointing systems, the 0. 80 m telescope must still be pointed manually, using setting circles.

* September 8 – In the " Rathergate " affair, the first Internet posts appear, pointing out that documents claimed by CBS News to be typewritten memos from the early 1970s appear instead to have been produced using modern word processing systems.

Yoder defended himself against charges of incoherence and hypocrisy by arguing for the legitimacy of moral double standards, and by pointing out that since world affairs are ultimately governed by God's providence, Christians are better off being the Church, than following compromised moral systems that try to reconcile biblical revelation with the necessities of governance.

** Avionics ( inertial navigation, civilian and military avionics, guidance and pointing systems );

He is best remembered for pointing out in 1848 that there are 14 unique Bravais lattices in three dimensional crystalline systems, adjusting the previously existent result ( 15 lattices ) by Frankenheim, obtained three years before.

Taking on the burden of personal accountability in all situations is an intimidating proposition-by pointing out the freedom of the individual, Sartre seeks to demonstrate that the social roles and moral systems we adopt protect us from being morally accountable for our actions.

The angle between the systems is zero when the synchroscope needle is pointing directly to the line in between the " slow " and " fast " markings on the dial.

Gutierrez also considered the Church to be the " sacrament of history ", an outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace, thus pointing to the doctrine of universal salvation as the true means to eternal life, and assigning the Church itself to a somewhat temporal role, namely, liberation.

It may be used by network client software on a computer to communicate with server software on the same computer, namely on a computer running a web server, pointing a web browser to the URLs < code >< nowiki > http :// 127. 0. 0. 1 /</ nowiki ></ code > or < code >< nowiki > http :// localhost /</ nowiki ></ code > will access that computer's own web site.

In the lowermost portion is a depiction of ships, pointing to the maritime history of Colombia, namely to the Isthmus of Panama, which was part of Colombia until 1903.

Indeed some powerful arguments are emerging both from the political and academic realms pointing to the rapid emergence of rising powers, namely China and India, as balancers and competitors of the U. S. in a bid for power, dominance and ultimately hegemony.

For instance, when reading about the sacrificial system in the Old Testament, Biblical theologians follow the trajectory the Bible lays out for that system ( namely, pointing to Jesus as the true sacrifice ), and likewise, when a New Testament text refers back to the Old Testament ( for example, Jesus being the son of David and heir of his covenant ), they try to understand that text against its proper, specified background.