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Vytautas beside his uncle Algirdas on the Millennium of Russia in Veliky Novgorod.
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Vytautas and uncle
Vytautas ' father, Kęstutis, and his uncle Algirdas, were brothers and did not compete for power.
It is believed that dynastic disputes that soon erupted between him and his uncle Kęstutis and his cousin Vytautas the Great were largely inspired by Skirgaila.
Vytautas and Algirdas
Since 1991, Lithuanian voters have shifted from right to left and back again, swinging between the Conservatives, led by Vytautas Landsbergis, and the ( formerly Communist ) Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania, led by president Algirdas Brazauskas.
The emblem was handed down through the generations, from Algirdas to his son, Grand Duke Jogaila, then to Jogaila's cousin Grand Duke Vytautas and others.
Vytautas continued Algirdas ' vision to control as many Ruthenian lands as possible.
Later, captured ( 1275 – 76 ) and ruled by the Teutonic Knights, the land was reckoned, what is recorded in the historical sources, to be their patrimony by Algirdas ( officially said ) and Vytautas ( recorded to be said unofficially ).
The symbol of the charging knight on horseback passed down through the generations: from Algirdas to his son, Grand Duke Jogaila ( ruled 1377-1392 ), then to Grand Duke Vytautas ruled 1392-1430 ) and to others.
Kęstutis and Vytautas continued to recognize Jogaila's authority even when his right of inheritance was challenged by Andrei of Polotsk, Algirdas ' eldest son from the first marriage with Maria of Vitebsk.
Vytautas and on
The core of the SOF is based on the Special Purpose Service, Vytautas the Great Jaeger Battalion and Combat Divers Service ( CDS ).
Soon after Jagiello accession to the Polish throne, Jagiello granted Vilnius a city charter like that of Kraków, modeled on the Magdeburg Law ; and Vytautas issued a privilege to a Jewish commune of Trakai on almost the same terms as privileges issued to the Jews of Poland in the reigns of Boleslaus the Pious and Casimir the Great.
Władysław acceded to the formal cession of Samogitia, and agreed to support the Order's designs on Pskov ; in return, Konrad von Jungingen undertook to sell Poland the disputed Dobrzyń Land and the town of Złotoryja, once pawned to the Order by Władysław Opolski, and to support Vytautas in a revived attempt on Novgorod.
The last sovereign monarch of Smolensk was Yury of Smolensk ; during his reign the city was taken by Vytautas the Great of Lithuania on three occasions: in 1395, 1404, and 1408.
Vytautas ceded Kaunas the right to own the scales used for weighing the goods brought to the city or packed on site, wax processing, and woolen cloth trimming facilities.
In the early 15th century, Vytautas the Great reformed the army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania further: as there were not enough warriors, Vytautas relieved soldiers from taxes and labour on the land by granting them veldamai status, a class of dependent peasants.
The cross symbol of Lutsk is featured on the highest Lithuanian Presidential award, the Order of Vytautas the Great.
In the 14th century, the knight was featured on a heraldic shield, first on Jogaila's seal in 1386 or 1387, and also on the seal of Vytautas in 1401.
Privilege to Vilnius Cathedral issued by Vytautas in Vilnius on February 16, 1410
Vytautas the Great as shown on Jan Matejko's oil painting of the Battle of Grunwald
With peace established, Vytautas could now concentrate on reforms and the relationship with Poland.
From then until the present day, the wreckage of Lituanica has been on display in the Vytautas the Great War Museum in Kaunas.
By the 14th century, the charging knight on horseback with a sword had begun to feature in an heraldic shield, first in Jogaila's's seal in 1386 or 1387, and also in the seal of Vytautas in 1401.
In 1388 they were granted a charter by Vytautas, under which they formed a class of freemen subject in all criminal cases directly to the jurisdiction of the grand duke and his official representatives, and in petty suits to the jurisdiction of local officials on an equal footing with the lesser nobles ( szlachta ), boyars, and other free citizens.
The symbol was also used by Vytautas as his personal insignia since 1397 and appeared on his seal and coins.
The union was signed in three separate acts: one by Jogaila ( the original of which did not survive ), another by Vytautas and the Lithuanian nobles ( in Vilnius on January 18, 1401 ), and the third by the Polish Royal Council ( in Radom on March 11, 1401 ).
Some argued that it was a diplomatic failure on Vytautas ' part, as the union blocked the path to his possible coronation as King of Lithuania.
Vytautas and Russia
To prevent Russia from being attacked by the Golden Horde, Basil I entered into alliance with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1392 and married Sophia of Lithuania, the only daughter of Vytautas the Great.
Vytautas Landsbergis is one of the most active politicians, who urge Russia to compensate Lithuania and other post-Soviet republics for damage done to them during their occupations.
To further advance his influence, Vytautas married his only daughter Sophia to Vasili I of Russia in 1391.
Vytautas and Veliky
Pope Martin V appointed Polish King Jogaila and Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas as vicar generals in Pskov and Veliky Novgorod in recognition of their Catholicism.
Taking advantage of the Lithuanian defeat, the Principality of Smolensk, Veliky Novgorod, and Pskov rebelled against Lithuanian rule, drawing Vytautas into a war with the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
Veliky Novgorod and Pskov also rebelled against Lithuanian rule drawing Vytautas into a war with the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
Vytautas and Novgorod
The same year Vytautas suffered a major defeat in the Battle of the Vorskla River against the Golden Horde and faced rebellions in the Principality of Smolensk, Republic of Pskov, and Velikiy Novgorod.
Vytautas and .
Kęstutis was eventually captured, imprisoned and put to death, but Kęstutis's son Vytautas, the future Grand Duke, escaped.
After two civil wars Vytautas the Great became the Grand Duke of Lithuania in 1392.
After the deaths of Jogaila and Vytautas, the Lithuanian nobility at times attempted to break the union between Poland and Lithuania, independently selecting Grand Dukes from the Jagiellon dynasty.
However there are fewer extant documents written in this language than those written in Latin and German from the time of Vytautas.
* 1398 – The Treaty of Salynas is signed between Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great and the Teutonic Knights, who received Samogitia.
Vita Gudeleviciute of Vytautas Magnus University Law School, reviewing international law and UN resolutions, finds in cases of non-self-governing peoples ( colonized and / or indigenous ) and foreign military occupation " a people " is the entire population of the occupied territorial unit, no matter their other differences.
His grandchildren Vytautas the Great and Jogaila, however, fought civil wars.
During the Lithuanian Civil War of 1389 – 1392, Vytautas besieged and razed the city in an attempt to wrest control from Jogaila.
* Grand Duke Vytautas ends his alliance with Muscovy and captures Vyazma and Smolensk.
* July 15 – Battle of Grunwald ( also known as Tannenberg or Žalgiris ): Polish and Lithuanian forces under cousins Jogaila and Vytautas the Great decisively defeat the forces of the Teutonic Knights, whose power is broken.
** Vytautas the Great, Grand Duke of Lithuania ( d. 1430 )
* King Jogaila of Poland and Lithuania appoints his cousin Vytautas the Great as regent of Lithuania in return for Vytautas giving up his claim to the Lithuanian throne.
Vytautas replaces Jogaila's unpopular brother Skirgaila as regent.
* Vytautas the Great, claimant to the throne of Lithuania, forms an alliance with Muscovy.
* January 19 – Treaty of Lyck confirms an alliance between Vytautas and the Teutonic Knights in the Lithuanian Civil War against Vytautas's cousin, Jogaila.
* September 11 – In the Lithuanian Civil War, the coalition of Vytautas and the Teutonic Knights begins a 5-week siege of Vilnius.
* August 12 – Battle of the Vorskla River: Mongol Golden Horde forces led by Khan Temur Qutlugh and emir Edigu annihilate a crusading army led by former Golden Horde Khan Tokhtamysh and Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania.
* Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania is granted increased autonomy by King Jogaila of the Poland – Lithuania union.
* October 27 – Vytautas the Great, Grand Prince of Lithuania ( b. 1352 )
* Vytautas J. Mažiulis.
Kęstutis and his son Vytautas entered Jogaila's encampment for negotiations but were tricked and imprisoned in the Kreva Castle, where Kęstutis was found dead, probably murdered, a week later.
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