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Weart uses a broader definition of war than is usual in research on the democratic peace theory and includes any conflict causing at least 200 deaths in organized battle by political units against one another.
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Weart and war
For example, Weart ( 1998 ) defines war as more than 200 battle deaths.
In order to help differentiate between oligarchies and democracies, Weart requires that the classification should not differ from how the people at the time viewed the differences, the oligarchic elite should live in constant fear of a rebellion, and for democracies a war should not have been prevented if everyone had the vote.
Weart argues that the only clear case of war between oligarchies is a 1656 battle between Bern and Lucerne, caused by religious fervor during the Reformation.
Also, Weart argues that Finland had become so authoritarian during the war that it was not a clear democracy anymore: it had imprisoned opposition leaders in a secret prison, and most decisions were taken by a tiny clique of leaders.
Weart and than
Many of them have therefore added a qualifier, typically stating that the peacefulness apply to democracies older than three years ( Doyle 1983 ), ( Russett 1993 ), ( Rummel 1997 ), ( Weart 1998 ).
Looking at a borderline case, the Athenian democracy that excluded metics and slaves, Weart argues that it was a democracy since appearance alone could not decide who was a citizen, citizens could become slaves and slaves could become free, citizens could be poorer than slaves, and slaves could work for example as bankers.
Weart and is
*: Physicist turned historian Spencer R. Weart disagrees with this, saying, " It is not because of their advanced economic development — wealthy countries fight wars about as often as poor ones.
Never at War: Why Democracies Will Not Fight One Another is a book by the historian and physicist Spencer R. Weart published by Yale University Press in 1998.
In addition to the democratic peace, Weart argues that there is also an oligarchic peace and provides a new explanation for both the democratic and oligarchic peace.
Weart argues that it is generally better to spread democracy by diplomacy and by slowly promoting internal political change.
Weart and on
Due to the long time period, Weart has often relied on the works of other historians but has consulted at least five works for even trivial crises involving democracies and oligarchies.
Weart and theory
A society may in theory be a state but if the above applies, then Weart classifies it as an anocracy.
Weart and any
Weart, however, has been criticized for not offering any quantitative analysis supporting his claims ( Ray, 2000 ).
Weart and political
Weart finds that nations have often tried to spread their political system to other nations.
Weart and against
Weart argues against explanations like more trade between democracies, finding the pattern to change too abruptly for this to be the case.
Weart and .
* Lillian Hoddeson, Ernest Braun, Jürgen Teichmann and Spencer Weart, eds.
* Weart, S. ( 2004 ) The Discovery of Global Warming-Uses of Radiocarbon Dating.
As recounted in a 1978 interview with physicist and historian Spencer R. Weart, Gold believed that there was reason to think that the creation of matter was " done all the time and then none of the problems about fleeting moments arise.
Weart ( 1998 ) argues that the peacefulness appears and disappears rapidly when democracy appears and disappears.
* Weart, S. R. ( 1981 ) " Pegram, George Braxton ", Dictionary of Scientific Biography
* Spencer R. Weart, Nuclear fear: a history of images ( Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988 ); The Rise of nuclear fear ( Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012 )
Using these definitions, Weart finds numerous wars between the same and different kinds of societies but also two exceptions.
uses and broader
Freed uses the term rock and roll to describe R & B, in an effort to introduce the music to a broader white audience.
In winter, it uses a slightly broader range of habitats, including broadleaf forest and scrub as well as conifers.
Though cinema and soundtracks represent the major uses of surround techniques, its scope of application is broader than that as surround sound permits to create an audio-environment for all sorts of purposes.
As such, their characterization as " espresso " machines is at times contentious, but due to their use of pressure and steam for brewing, comparable to all espresso prior to the 1948 Gaggia, they are accepted within broader uses of the term, but distinguished from standard modern espresso machines.
The party often conducts broader political activity under the name " People's Front " and uses that name for the British Columbia provincial wing of the party.
* Née, a French and English-adopted term applied to a woman's family-name at birth, and in a broader sense referring to anybody who uses a pen name or alias.
While a conventional LCA uses many of the same approaches and strategies as an Eco-LCA, the latter considers a much broader range of ecological impacts.
The APG III system of 2009 uses the broader definition of the group, treating it as the subfamily Hemerocallidoideae of the family Xanthorrhoeaceae sensu lato.
The extension is part of a broader plan to transform the far West Side of Jersey City from previous industrial uses to mixed-use communities that also includes the development of the West Campus of New Jersey City University and conversion of Route 440 to an urban boulevard.
This article uses the term in its broader sense.
To fully understand this concept, it is important to realize that in this case, Foucault does not only use the standard, strictly political definition of " governing " or government used today, but he also uses the broader definition of governing or government that was employed until the eighteenth century.
The NBER uses a broader definition of a recession than commonly appears in the media.
Large pharmaceutical companies got behind the development of the drugs in the 1990s, when they were " still seen as treatments for the most serious mental illnesses, like hallucinatory schizophrenia, and recast them for much broader uses ".
A broader meaning that refers to any training that uses a resistance to the force of muscular contraction ( better termed strength training ), and elastic or hydraulic resistance, which refers to a specific type of strength training that uses elastic or hydraulic tension to provide this resistance.
The Sovereign State ( 1973, ISBN 0-340-17195-2 ) is a book by Anthony Sampson that uses the example of ITT ( International Telephone and Telegraph ) to make a broader point about the weakening of the authority of traditional national governments by the multinational corporations.
The Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook uses a broader definition including also wastewater services.
It also uses the broader term " impair ", rather than " prevent ", with respect to the ability to escape.
Although ' equity ' has broader uses, it may be posed as a counterpart to economic inequality in yielding a " good " distribution of wealth.
It uses the Jayson Blair plagiarism and fabrication scandal to conduct a broader examination of the troubles during the Howell Raines administration at the New York Times.
Though H. 248 performs the same functions as other Media Gateway control protocol namely MGCP, it uses different syntax, commands and processes and supports a broader range of networks.
) The album uses a broader variety of keyboard instruments than previous Traffic albums, adding Moog and Mellotron to their repertoire.
In a sense this understanding is broader than the definition applied within UNESCO, including, as it does, almost the whole of the world's occupied surface, plus almost all the uses, ecologies, interactions, practices, beliefs, concepts, and traditions of people living within cultural landscapes.
Highlands and Islands Enterprise ( HIE ) uses a broader definition also used at Eurostat's NUTS level 2, and there has been a Highlands and Islands electoral region of the Scottish Parliament since 1999.
: For other uses of Turkish, see Turkish ( disambiguation ), and for the broader concept of Turkic-speaking ethnic groups, see Turkic peoples.
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