Sir Henry Howorth, writing in 1898, put himself firmly in the Lappenburg-Kemble tradition by attacking the veracity of the West Saxon annals.

Their conclusions concerning the untrustworthiness of the West Saxon annals, the confused chronology of Bede, the unreliability of the early positions of the Anglo-Saxon genealogies and the mythological elements contained in Nennius are now mostly accepted.

The disposition of Essex, held by West Saxon kings since the days of Egbert, is unclear from the treaty, though, given Alfred ’ s political and military superiority, it would have been surprising if he had conceded any disputed territory to his new godson.

Over the last two decades of his reign, Alfred undertook a radical reorganisation of the military institutions of his kingdom, strengthened the West Saxon economy through a policy of monetary reform and urban planning and strove to win divine favour by resurrecting the literary glories of earlier generations of Anglo-Saxons.

Each element of the system was meant to remedy defects in the West Saxon military establishment exposed by the Viking invasions.

If this entailed transforming the West Saxon fyrd from a sporadic levy of king's men and their retinues into a mounted standing army, so be it.

Characteristically, all of Alfred's innovations were firmly rooted in traditional West Saxon practice, drawing as they did upon the three so-called ‘ common burdens ' of bridge work, fortress repair and service on the king's campaigns that all holders of bookland and royal loanland owed the Crown.

It traces the continuity between God's gift of Law to Moses to Alfred's own issuance of law to the West Saxon people.

That Latin learning had not been obliterated is evidenced by the presence in his court of learned Mercian and West Saxon clerics such as Plegmund, Wæferth, and Wulfsige, but Alfred's account should not be entirely discounted.

As a result of influence from the West Saxons, the tribes were collectively called Anglo-Saxons by the Normans, the West Saxon kingdom having conquered, united and founded the Kingdom of England by the 10th century.

The poem mixes the West Saxon and Anglian dialects of Old English, though it predominantly uses West Saxon, as do other Old English poems copied at the time.

The poem retains a complicated mix of the following dialectical forms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Early West Saxon, Kentish and Late West Saxon.

He says relatively little about the achievements of Mercia and Wessex, omitting, for example, any mention of Boniface, a West Saxon missionary to the continent of some renown and of whom Bede had almost certainly heard, though Bede does discuss Northumbrian missionaries to the continent.

He also is parsimonious in his praise for Aldhelm, a West Saxon who had done much to convert the native Britons to the Roman form of Christianity.

The first recorded use of the term Bretwalda comes from a West Saxon chronicle of the late 9th century that applied the term to Ecgberht, who ruled from 802 to 839.

Similarly, in his list of bretwaldas, the West Saxon chronicler ignored such Mercian kings as Offa.

The use of the term Bretwalda was the attempt by a West Saxon chronicler to make some claim of West Saxon kings to the whole of Great Britain.

Other sources of information include the National Concrete Masonry Association, 38 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill., the Portland Cement Association, 33 West Grand Avenue, Chicago, Ill., and the Structural Clay Products Association, Washington, D.C..

Most early sources in the West that examine the art of acting (, hypokrisis ) discuss it as part of rhetoric.

The Baltic Sea, in ancient sources known as Mare Suebicum ( also known as Mare Germanicum ), is also known by the equivalents of " East Sea ", " West Sea ", or " Baltic Sea " in different languages:

The two main written sources for early West Saxon history are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List.

The earliest sources do not use the term " West Saxon ".

Mercantilism fueled the imperialism of this era, as many nations expended significant effort to build new colonies that would be sources of gold ( as in Mexico ) or sugar ( as in the West Indies ), as well as becoming exclusive markets.

Occupying a central position on the great highway between the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean, thus uniting the East and the West, wealth flowed into it from many sources, so that it became one of the greatest of all the region's ancient cities, and the capital of the Neo Assyrian Empire.

They either argue that it was left unfinished or say that earlier sources, such as Richard Eden's The Decades of the New Worlde Or West India ( 1555 ) and Desiderius Erasmus's Naufragium / The Shipwreck ( 1523 ), sufficiently account for some of the phrasing and images in The Tempest.

The two main sources for the kings of Wessex are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List, which conflict and cannot be fully reconciled.

The two main sources for the names and dates of the kings of Wessex are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and an associated document known as the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List.

The infected mosquito species vary according to geographical area ; in the US, Culex pipiens ( Eastern US ), Culex tarsalis ( Midwest and West ), and Culex quinquefasciatus ( Southeast ) are the main sources.

In 1907 the total of mahogany from all sources imported into Europe was 159, 830 tons, of which 121, 743 tons were from West Africa.

By this time mahogany from Cuba, Haiti and other West Indian sources was becoming increasingly difficult to obtain in commercial sizes, and by the late 20th century Central American and even South American mahogany was heading in a similar direction.

* Bernard S. Bachrach, A History of the Alans in the West, from their first appearance in the sources of classical antiquity through the early Middle Ages, University of Minnesota Press, 1973 ISBN 0-8166-0678-1

" Two centuries later, Europeans perceived Saracens as poor, uneducated idolaters belonging to a group wholly separate from the Arabs who brought Aristotle to the Latin West and the Moors and Berbers fighting Christians in Spain ; someone who got all of his or her information on Islam from medieval sources would not conclude the three groups represented one continuous culture.

Most of the large population centers in the Far West owe their growth to these power sources.

Some sources give his birthplace as Connemara, County Galway, Ireland, and others as Leeds, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, where he grew up.

To establish the foundations of the Academy program, officials ultimately drew from sources within the Air Force, from West Point and Annapolis, and occasionally from outside the military entirely.

Additionally, Hershey has made no move to shift to third-party certification for the cocoa that it sources from West Africa.

The communities also differ in amount and sources of family income, and population size and density, with the West being more dependent on logging, somewhat less prosperous, and having fewer people for roughly the same area.

Several sources have compared the Martinsburg shale to the Marcellus Shale formations to the West in Pennsylvania and New York and cited that there is the possibility of natural gas extraction in this region.

The town of Sonoma boasts a relatively quiet setting, with California State Route 12 ( called from north to south Sonoma Highway, West Napa Street, and Broadway ), Fifth Street West, and Spain Street being the primary noise sources.

* Historical sources for West Almond, NY

It is a term suggested by Peter T. Daniels to replace the common terms " consonantary ", " consonantal alphabet " or " syllabary " to refer to the family of scripts called West Semitic.

Before the 16th century, harvest was the term usually used to refer to the season, as it is common in other West Germanic languages to this day ( cf.

The naming scheme for " Bollywood " was inspired by " Tollywood ", the name that was used to refer to the cinema of West Bengal.

It came to refer specifically to the County of Flanders, lasting from 862 to 1795, whose territory was situated in the northwestern part of what is now Belgium ( the Belgian provinces of West Flanders and East Flanders ), with extensive portions in what is now northern France ( French Flanders ), and a small area that is now part of the Netherlands ( Zeelandic Flanders ).

Ostdeutschland ( an ambiguous term meaning simultaneously East or Eastern Germany ) was not commonly used in East or West German common parlance to refer to the German Democratic Republic, because Ostdeutschland usually referred to the former eastern territories of Germany.

The word began various spellings as West Coast slang around 1912, the meaning of which varied but did not refer to music.

Kung fu, gongfu, or gung fu (, Pinyin: gōngfu ) is a Chinese term referring to any study, learning, or practice that requires patience, energy, and time to complete, often used in the West to refer to Chinese martial arts, also known as Wushu.

* The West is rich in burial mounds of sand that the Wolof refer to as mbanaar, which translates to " graves ", A solid gold pectoral of mass 191 g has also been discovered near Saint-Louis.

The word is used in the West to refer to a specific type of Japanese straight, double-edged sword no longer in common use.

West Point may also refer to:

" Anglo-Saxon " in linguistics is still used as a term for the original West Germanic component of the modern English language, which was later expanded and developed through the influence of Old Norse and Norman French, though linguists now more often refer to it as Old English.

Initially, the Portuguese developed the concept of fetishism to refer to the objects used in religious cults by West African natives.

In unofficial usage, the South East can refer to a varying area-sometimes only to London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, and Surrey ; but sometimes to an area corresponding to the former Standard Statistical Region ( above ), which corresponded approximately to the London commuter belt.

At the time, in the West the euphemism " strategic weapons " was used to refer to the American nuclear arsenal, which was presented as a necessary deterrent against nuclear or conventional attack from the Soviet Union ( see Mutual Assured Destruction ).

** Since 1967, the term " occupied territories " has, in some contexts, come to refer specifically to the West Bank and Gaza Strip, whose status is hotly disputed.

During the Cold War " the West " was often used to refer to the NATO camp as opposed to the Warsaw Pact and non-aligned nations.

For political and diplomatic reasons, West German politicians carefully avoided the term " reunification " during the run-up to what Germans frequently refer to as die Wende.

West Chester may refer to some places in the United States:

In September 2012, Philippine President Benigno Aquino III signed Administrative Order No. 29, mandating that all government agencies use the name " West Philippine Sea " to refer to the parts of the South China Sea within the Philippines ' exclusive economic zone, and tasked the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority ( NAMRIA ) to use the name in official maps to bolster the Philippines ' claims to the Spratly Islands and Scarborough Shoal .< ref >

However, Greenwich was divided into the two Poor Law Unions of Greenwich East and Greenwich West from the beginning of civil registration in 1837, the boundary running down what is now Greenwich Church Street and Crooms Hill, although more modern references to " East " and " West " Greenwich probably refer to the areas east and west of the Royal Naval College and National Maritime Museum corresponding with the West Greenwich council ward.

The term Midwestern has been in use since the 1880s to refer to portions of the central U. S. A variant term, " Middle West ", has been in use since the 19th century and remains relatively common.

Arrowroot is also used to refer to a similar edible starch obtained from various other tropical plants, for example West Indian arrowroot.

Many locals will refer to themselves as either from " East " or " West " Bloomington.