When Napoleon arrived, he reorganized the defenses, while realizing that without cannon, the city could not be held.

When Danican's poorly trained men attacked, on 13 Vendémiaire, 1795 — October 5, 1795, in the calendar used in France, at the time — Napoleon ordered his cannon to fire grapeshot into the mob, an act that became known as the " whiff of grapeshot ".

When Napoleon I ordered the invasion of Portugal in 1807 because it refused to join the Continental System, the Portuguese Braganças moved their capital to Rio de Janeiro to avoid the fate of the Spanish Bourbons ( Napoleon I arrested them and made his brother Joseph king ).

When Napoleon began his blockade of the British Empire ( see Continental System ), British steel became unavailable, and Napoleon offered a prize of four thousand francs to anyone who could replicate the British process.

When Napoleon rose to power in 1799, there was no ancient base from which to draw his staff, and he had to choose the people he thought best for the job, including officers from his army, revolutionaries who had been in the National Assembly, and even some former aristocrats such as prime minister Talleyrand.

When French emperor Napoleon I completed his conquest of Northern Italy and began to push his armies towards the edges of the northern territories of the Papal State, San Marino found itself forced to choose between maintaining the alliance with the Papal State or creating a new one with France.

When the Third Coalition declared war on France, after the short-lived Peace of Amiens, Napoleon was determined to invade Britain.

When Villeneuve set sail from Ferrol on 10 August, he was under orders from Napoleon to sail northward toward Brest.

When Napoleon was defeated, his fall was celebrated in Provence.

When Napoleon abandoned his planned invasion of Britain its propaganda value was lost and it was returned to Bayeux where the council displayed it on a winding apparatus of two cylinders.

When Napoleon indicated that he preferred a centralized organization of the Dutch state ( as the re-federalized model of the Staatsbewind had clearly not worked out ), he did not hesitate to implement this in his project of a new constitution, that he constructed in the Summer of 1804 in consultation with the Staatsbewind.

When the clash about the French customs men therefore took place later in the month, Napoleon came to a speedy decision and soon thereafter the Batavian Republic had a new constitution and government.

When under attack by Napoleon in 1805, Karl Wilhelm may have had the French Blue recut to disguise its identity ; in this form, the stone could have come to Britain in 1806, when his family fled there to join his daughter Caroline of Brunswick.

When the Order of St John of Jerusalem left the Maltese Islands, the French took over the Infirmary in June 1798, just after the occupation of the Island by General Napoleon Bonaparte.

When the French Emperor Napoleon took Rome and expelled Pope Pius VII in 1809, Cappellari fled to Murano.

When Louis appealed to his brother Napoleon for help, Napoleon sided with Hortense.

When Napoleon III and his city planner Baron Haussmann planned to make Paris the most beautiful city in Europe, a first step was to grant large sweeps of land near the centre of the city to Haussmann's friends and financial supporters.

When the Sixth Coalition finally defeated Napoleon, Louis XVIII was restored to what he, and Royalists, considered his rightful place.

When his father abdicated on 4 April 1814, he named his son Emperor, but the coalition partners that had defeated Napoleon refused to acknowledge his son as successor, so he was forced to abdicate unconditionally a week later.

When his nephew, Prince Louis Napoleon, became President of the French Republic in 1848, Jérôme was made governor of Les Invalides, Paris, the burial place of Napoleon I.

When Louis Napoleon became emperor as Napoleon III, Jérôme was recognized as the heir presumptive to the throne until the birth of the Napoléon Eugène, Prince Imperial.

When they were first occupied, the present-day islands including Milos with its important obsidian production were probably still connected to the mainland.

When the other Latins subsequently occupied the empty town of Politorium, Ancus took the town again and demolished it.

When Chilperic II died the following year ( 720 ), Charles appointed as his successor the son of Dagobert III, Theuderic IV, who was still a minor, and who occupied the throne from 720 to 737.

When it is either not possible or not desirable to award the victim in that way, a court may award money damages designed to restore the injured party to the economic position s / he occupied at the time the contract was entered ( known as the " reliance measure "), or designed to prevent the breaching party from being unjustly enriched (" restitution ") ( see below ).

When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages ( Russian being the other one ).

When William of Orange, ruler of the Dutch Republic, occupied the British throne with his wife Mary in what has become known as the Glorious Revolution, gin became vastly more popular, particularly in crude, inferior forms, where it was more likely to be flavoured with turpentine as an alternative to juniper.

When the war ended on 11 November 1918, Italy's army had occupied most of Albania ; Serbia held much of the country's northern mountains ; Greece occupied a sliver of land within Albania's 1913 borders ; and French forces occupied Korçë and Shkodër as well as other regions with sizable Albanian populations such as Kosovo.

When Chilean troops occupied Lima during the War of the Pacific in 1881, they put in charge certain Patricio Lynch, whose grandfather came from Ireland to Argentina and then moved to Chile.

When Hitler ordered Yugoslavia's invasion, Ribbentrop was opposed, though only because the Foreign Office was likely to be excluded from ruling the occupied Yugoslavia.

When Germany occupied the Sudetenland, many important artworks such as the Mona Lisa were temporarily moved to the Château de Chambord.

When Hariri's sister took a pro-Syrian line saying that Lebanon should " stand by Syria until its land is liberated and it regains its sovereignty on the occupied Golan Heights " the crowd jeered her.

When relay sowing, if the last seed during sowing lands in an occupied hole, all the contents of that hole, including the last sown seed, are immediately resown from the hole.

When Kiraats occupied the valley, they made Matatirtha their capital.

When the Portuguese turned their attention to the Persian Gulf, Piri Reis occupied the Qatar peninsula and the island of Bahrain to deprive the Portuguese of suitable bases on the Arabian coast.

When V is positive, electrons in the tip tunnel into empty states in the sample ; for a negative bias, electrons tunnel out of occupied states in the sample into the tip.

When the Japanese occupied Nanjing and Wuhan, the three sisters moved to Hong Kong.

When the Nazis occupied Denmark during World War II, Borge was playing a concert in Sweden, and managed to escape to Finland.

When Hans Frank, head of the General Government in occupied Poland, heard of the meeting, he demanded to be represented and Heydrich agreed.

When Italy quit the war in 1943, German forces occupied most of Northern Italy until 1945.

When no help was forthcoming and the armies of the combined nations occupied Warsaw to compel by force of arms the calling of the assembly, no alternative could be chosen save passive submission to their will.

When the Dutch Republic, during the Napoleonic Wars, was occupied by the French in 1795, henceforth becoming their vassal and enemy of the British, the United Kingdom invaded and occupied the Cape Colony that same year ; relinquished control of the territory in 1803 ; only to return and reoccupy the Cape on 19 January 1806.

When Indonesia occupied East Timor between 1975 and 1999, declaring it " the Republic's 27th Province ", the use of Portuguese was banned, and Indonesian was declared the sole official language, but the Roman Catholic Church adopted Tetum as its liturgical language, making it a focus for cultural and national identity.