* When finished with a head of Guinness stout, the result is called an Irish Russian or a Smooth Black Russian.

When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages ( Russian being the other one ).

When the war ended in May 1945, as many as two million former Russian citizens were forcefully repatriated into the USSR.

When a dispute between the capetanei of Laconia and the appointed governor of the province escalated into an armed conflict, he called in Russian troops to restore order, because much of the army was controlled by capetanei who were part of the rebellion.

When the British again refused to accept the 49th parallel boundary proposal, Polk broke off negotiations and returned to the Democratic platform " All Oregon " demand ( which called for all of Oregon up to the 54-40 line that marked the southern boundary of Russian Alaska ).

When war became inevitable between Russia and the Porte, Andrássy arranged with the Russian court that, in case Russia prevailed, the status quo should not be changed to the detriment of the Austrian monarchy.

When, however, the Treaty of San Stefano threatened a Russian hegemony in the Near East, Andrássy concurred with the German and British courts that the final adjustment of matters must be submitted to a European congress.

When he returned to Munich, following Eisner's assassination by an anti-semitic nationalist, Count Arco-Valley, he informed Gasparri-using Schioppa's eye-witness testimony of the chaotic scene at the former royal palace as the trio of Max Levien, Eugen Levine, and Towia Axelrod sought power: " the scene was indescribable the confusion totally chaotic in the midst of all this, a gang of young women, of dubious appearance, Jews like the rest of them hanging around the boss of this female rabble was Levien's mistress, a young Russian woman, a Jew and a divorcée and it was to her that the nunciature was obliged to pay homage in order to proceed Levien is a young man, also Russian and a Jew.

When the Russian economy ’ s collapse came about in August 1998, the market shrank drastically and the ruble fell several cellular operators were squeezed between low traffic and huge foreign currency denominated credits and telecommunications equipment bills.

When a church was built over the spot in St Petersburg where Tsar Alexander II of Russia had been assassinated, the " Church of the Savior on Blood ", the natural style to use was one that best evoked traditional Russian features ( illustration, left ).

When the Russian Army opened its offensive toward Lwów, Banach left for Kraków, where he spent rest of the war.

When the Nazis placed Stravinsky's works on the list of " Entartete Musik ", he lodged a formal appeal to establish his Russian genealogy and declared, " I loathe all communism, Marxism, the execrable Soviet monster, and also all liberalism, democratism, atheism, etc .." Towards the end of his life, at Craft's behest, Stravinsky made a return visit to his native country and composed a cantata in Hebrew, travelling to Israel for its performance.

When the Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921 broke out, Mongolian revolutionaries expelled Russian White Guards ( during the Russian Civil War of 1917-1923 following the Communist October Revolution of 1917 ) from Mongolia, which became independent when the Qing Empire of China collapsed in 1911, with the assistance of the Soviet Red Army.

When Russian forces captured the town, Pastor Glück offered to work as a translator, and Field Marshal Boris Sheremetev agreed to his proposal and took him to Moscow.

When Peter elevated the Russian Tsardom to Empire, Catherine became Empress ( Imperatrica ).

When he arrived and proceeded to meet his Russian colleague, An Jung-geun, a Korean nationalist and independence activist, fired six shots at him.

When in 1901, the Russian writer Maxim Gorky turned to the imagery of Subantarctic avifauna to describe Russian society's attitudes to the coming revolution, he used a storm-announcing petrel as the lead character of a poem that soon became popular in the revolutionary circles as " the battle anthem of the revolution ".

When discussing Karabakh and Shusha in the 18th century, the Russian diplomat and historian S. M. Bronevskiy ( Russian: С. М. Броневский ) indicated in his Historical Notes that Karabakh, which he said " is located in Greater Armenia " had as many as 30 – 40, 000 armed Armenian men in 1796.

* When the Russian film Jack Frost was featured on Mystery Science Theater 3000, one of the first comments on the credits was " These names are Russian for Alan Smithee!

When English explorer John Davis, commander of the Desire, one of the ships belonging to Thomas Cavendish's second expedition to the New World, separated from Cavendish off the coast of what is now southern Argentina, he decided to make for the Strait of Magellan in order to find Cavendish.

When the Bronze Age site at Knossos was excavated by explorer Arthur Evans, he found various bull motifs, including an image of a man leaping over the horns of a bull, as well as depictions of a labrys carved into the walls.

When Dutch explorer Abel Tasman first saw New Zealand in 1642, he thought Cook Strait was a bight closed to the east.

When explorer and naturalist William Bartram visited in 1774, it was the site of a Seminole village called Cuscowilla.

When Portuguese explorer and conquistador Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines in the service of Spain, Zula was one of those who gave tribute to the Spanish king while Lapu-Lapu refused.

When asked by the explorer Victor Wolfgang von Hagen whether he had ever seen a reproduction of E. G. Squier's woodcut illustration of the bridge as it was in 1864, Wilder replied: " It is best, von Hagen, that I make no comment or point of it.

When he was 15 years old Sven Hedin witnessed the triumphal return of the Swedish Arctic explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld after his first navigation of the Northern Sea Route.

When Czar Alexander I authorized an expedition to the south polar region in 1819, the authorities selected Bellingshausen to lead it as an experienced captain and explorer, and a prominent cartographer.

When medical authorities questioned him on this, he and a fellow explorer agreed to undertake a study under the auspices of the Journal of the American Medical Association to demonstrate that they could eat a 100 % meat diet in a closely observed laboratory setting for the first several weeks, with paid observers for the rest of an entire year.

When French explorer Bruni D ' Entrecasteaux first saw this island in 1792 it was the forests that impressed him.

When he gets to the camp he find out that it belongs to an old Swiss explorer named Linde.

When Henry Kellett reorganized the official British Admiralty charts in 1847, he removed Wilkes ' name Perry and bestowed the name Fidalgo to honor the Spanish explorer.

When the explorer disembarked in this area ( 1419 ), he observed a thin cliff that extended into the ocean, and another cliff face that formed an amphitheatre-like harbour that could shelter ships from Atlantic storms.

When famed explorer Louis Rondelle ( Hobart Bosworth ) requests the U. S. Navy's assistance in reaching the South Pole, officer Jack Bradon ( Jack Holt ) convinces Rear Admiral John S. Martin ( Emmett Corrigan ) to offer his dirigible, the USS Pensacola, for the attempt.

When explorer Vasco da Gama landed in West Africa in 1497, he referred to the music he heard there as being in " sweet harmony ".

When Hurst and Arctic explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson were having a long affair, they often met in New York City's Greenwich Village at Romany Marie's café when Stefansson was in town ; he was a regular there for many years and a good friend of the proprietor.

When Ivan showed a film with a naked woman Stalin shouted: " Are you making a brothel here Bolshakov?

When the main army turned south to recover in Ukraine, the second army with supplies and reinforcements was intercepted and routed in Lesnaya-so were the supplies and reinforcements of Swedish ally Ivan Mazepa in Baturyn.

When Ivan was three years old, his father died from a boil and inflammation on his leg which developed into blood poisoning.

When Ivan Vsevolozhsky, the Director of the Imperial Theatres in Saint Petersburg, wrote to Tchaikovsky on 25 May 1888

When Ivan Nasidze and his colleagues examined both Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosome DNA, they found Kurdish groups most similar genetically to other West Asian groups, and most distant from Central Asian groups, for both mtDNA and the Y-chromosome.

When it came to be opened, Ivan managed to secure a visit from Richard Caborn MP.

When Lord Zedd releases the terrible Ivan Ooze from his chamber, Ivan destroys the command center and Adam's powers.

When Ivan declared himself the " Hand of God ", 300 of the Oprichniki were selected to be his personal " brotherhood " that lived within Ivan's castle at Aleksandrovskaia Sloboda near Vladimir.

The greatest goalkeeping this team ever faced .” The Canadiens managed to win both games on overtime goals by Maurice Richard and a stellar performance by McNeil, who was dubbed by the Detroit press, “ the magician .” When the Canadiens went on to eliminate the heavily favored Red Wings, their coach, Tommy Ivan, remarked, “ Gerry McNeil was the difference.

When Ivan IV's pre-tsarist title is referred to in English, however, it is usually as grand duke.

When the Old Believers joined the rebels in the fall of 1682 and demanded the reversal of Nikon's reforms, Sophia lost control of the unsteady Streltsy to her once ally, Prince Ivan Khovansky.

When the Khan's cousin, the Baskaki Shevkal, and his Tatars were killed in Tver and a rebellion erupted there in mid-August 1327, Dmitry's successor as Prince of Tver and Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal, his brother Alexander Mikhailovich, fled first to Novgorod --- which turned him away --- and then to Pskov --- which made him it's Prince --- in order to escape a punitive expedition of 50, 000 Mongol-Tatars & Muscovites, which was headed by his cousin, Yury's brother & successor Ivan Daniilovich.

When Peter II died, there were multiple candidates for the throne including Peter I ’ s first wife, Yevdokiya, and Peter I ’ s daughter, Elizabeth However, Alexis Dolgoruky and his allies chose Anna Ivanonva, the daughter of Peter I ’ s half brother Ivan, because the Supreme Privy Council wanted a ruler that would not impose on the powers of the Council, allowing them to continue to virtually rule the empire The Supreme Privy Council offered her the throne with “ Konditsii ” or Conditions These included the inability of the empress to marry, designate a successor, declare war or peace, raise taxes, or spend state revenue without the consent of the Council Many other nobles saw this as an aristocratic grab for power and told the would-be empress so as soon as she arrived in Moscow Ultimately, Anna invalidated the conditions, abolished the Council and sent many members who advocated the conditions into exile.

When Ivan Golac was appointed manager of Torquay in February 1992, Fashanu was given the role of assistant manager and maintained this position at the end of the season when Golac was replaced by new manager Paul Compton.

When Ivan first became a Category 3 hurricane on September 3 ( 1800 UTC ), it was centered near 10. 2 degrees north from the equator.

When Chernihiv was occupied by the Poles in 1578, Ivan IV the Terrible had the relics of the two saints taken to Moscow, where they were placed in the cathedral of Saint Michael the Archangel.

When Lord Zedd releases the terrible Ivan Ooze from his chamber, Ivan destroys the command center and the Dino powers.

When a DMV clerk insists that he cannot release personal information unless a crime has been committed, Trevor throws himself in front of a car in order to accuse Ivan of committing a hit and run.

When Kashchei sends his magical creatures after Ivan, the Firebird, true to its pledge, intervenes, bewitching the creatures and making them dance an elaborate, energetic dance ( the " Infernal Dance ").

When the Lokomotiv Voluntary Sports Society was created in 1936, its football team featured the best players of Kazanka, and a number of strong Soviet footballers of that time such as Valentin Granatkin, Nikolay llyin, Alexey Sokolov, Pyotr Terenkov, Mikhail Zhukov, llya Gvozdkov, Ivan Andreev.

When Ivan the Terrible ascended the throne in 1533, Staraya Russa was a populous city.

When he was building up the University of Utah department in 1968 he managed to convince Ivan Sutherland ( who had funded Evans ' DARPA research ) to come to Utah, accepting the condition that they start a computer graphics company together.