When the polar bear was originally documented, two subspecies were identified: Ursus maritimus maritimus by Constantine J. Phipps in 1774, and Ursus maritimus marinus by Peter Simon Pallas in 1776.

When a three year old Christian boy, Simonino, later known as Simon of Trent, disappeared in 1475 on the eve of Good Friday, the city's small Jewish community was accused of killing him and draining his blood for Jewish ritual purposes.

* Caratacus appears in several volumes of Simon Scarrow's Eagle series, including Under the Eagle, The Eagle's Conquest, When the Eagle Hunts, The Eagle and the Wolves and The Eagle's Prey.

When Simon and Eleanor's first son was born in November 1238 ( despite rumours, more than nine months after the wedding ), he was baptised Henry in honour of his Royal uncle.

When Simon moved to England in 1964 he met Kathleen Mary " Kathy " Chitty ( born 1947 ) on 12 April 1964 at the very first English folk club he played, the Railway Inn Folk Club in Brentwood, Essex, where Chitty was working part-time selling tickets.

When Simon returned to the US with the growing success of " The Sound of Silence " Kathy ( who was quite shy ) wanted no part of the success and fame that awaited Simon and they split up.

When the Germans arrive, Liz and Simon are initially captured, but then escape and succeed in helping young Frank Skinner carry out Traynor's orders to destroy the secret apparatus – a prototype laser weapon – before the Germans can seize it.

When the Emperor Hadrian threatened to rebuild Jerusalem as a pagan city dedicated to Jupiter, in 132, Aelia Capitolina, some of the leading sages of the Sanhedrin supported a rebellion led by Simon Bar Kosiba ( later known as Bar Kokhba ), who established a short-lived independent state that was conquered by the Romans in 135.

When Roger I, Count of Sicily, died in 1101, his young son, Simon of Hauteville, became Count, with his mother Adelaide del Vasto as regent.

When operations resumed in 1211 the actions of Arnaud-Amaury and Simon de Montfort had alienated several important lords, including Raymond de Toulouse, who had been excommunicated again.

When the 2003 California recall became a reality, Simon announced he would once again be a candidate for California Governor but ran for only a short time after he qualified for the ballot before withdrawing from the race August 23, 2003.

When both sides withdrew, they found that the local preacher, Simon Hart, was dead.

When Simon refused to give up the territory he had conquered, Antiochus took them by force.

When Simon Gilbert heard Anderson playing back the tape whilst going through audition tapes, he mistakenly believed it to be an early Suede demo.

When the High Priest Simon II died in 175 BCE, conflict broke out between supporters of his son Onias III ( who opposed Hellenization, and favored the Ptolemies ) and his son Jason ( who favored Hellenization, and favored the Seleucids ).

When Diodotus Tryphon was about to enter Judea at Hadid, he was confronted by the new Jewish leader, Simon, ready for battle.

When Simon went missing around Easter, 1475, his father decided that he must have been kidnapped and murdered by Jews.

When the Pope explained his purpose, Simon was reluctant at first but when he was told of the Pope's vision, he placed himself at his disposal.

When order was re-established, Pope Abraham looked for Simon, who had kept himself hidden behind the Pope throughout the prayers, but he was nowhere to be found.

When the episcopal charges of the bishops of Poitiers, Nîmes, and Nevers, recommending the case of the captive Pope Pius IX to the sympathy of the French Government, were met by a resolution in the Chamber, proposed by the Left, that the Government be requested " to repress Ultramontane manifestations " ( 4 May 1877 ), Magenta, twelve days later, asked Jules Simon to resign, summoned to power a conservative ministry under the Duc de Broglie, persuaded the Senate to dissolve the Chamber, and travelled through the country to assure the success of the Conservatives in the elections, protesting at the same time that he did not wish to overturn the Republic.

When Chris quit as editor in 1999, Simon took up the role of co-editor along with Graham Dury, Simon Thorp, Davey Jones and Alex Collier.

When the home government became aware of the state of affairs, orders were sent directing the Neptune to proceed to Tasmania, and it did so after staying in Simon ’ s Bay for five months.

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When his uncle Tughril died he was succeeded by Suleiman, Alp Arslan's brother.

When Darnley died in 1927 his widow presented the urn to the Marylebone Cricket Club and that was the key event in establishing the urn as the physical embodiment of the legendary ashes.

When the body died, parts of its soul known as ka ( body double ) and the ba ( personality ) would go to the Kingdom of the Dead.

When Mannerism matured after 1520 ( The year Raphael died ), all the representational problems had been solved.

When Faustina died in 141, Antoninus was greatly distressed.

When Arminius died before he could satisfy Holland's State General's request for a 14-page paper outlining his views, the Remonstrants replied in his stead crafting the Five articles of Remonstrance.

When the news spread that Agrippina had died, the Roman army, senate and various people sent him letters of congratulations that he had been saved from his mother's plots.

When King Æthelwulf died in 858, Wessex was ruled by three of Alfred's brothers in succession, Æthelbald, Æthelbert and Æthelred.

When his brother and his infant son died, Andrew ascended the throne and started to grant royal domains to his partisans.

When the Emperor Henry I died on 11 July 1216, Andrew was planning to acquire the imperial throne, but the barons of the Latin Empire proclaimed his father-in-law, Peter of Courtenay their emperor.

When Valdemar died in 1182, his son succeeded him as Canute VI, and Absalon served as Canute VI's counsellor.

When Kerbogha was defeated, Adhemar organized a council in an attempt to settle the leadership disputes, but he died on 1 August 1098, probably of typhus.

When his eldest daughters died of consumption in 1825, Maria on 6 May and Elizabeth on 15 June, Charlotte and Emily were immediately brought home.

When the apostles died, they were replaced by their writings.

When Diabelli died in 1858, Spina continued to run the firm, and published much music by Johann Strauss II and Josef Strauss.

When dictator Franco died in 1975, his successor Juan Carlos I played his part as the living symbol of the transition of Spain to a democratic constitutional monarchy.

When her husband Otto I died in 973 he was succeeded by their son Otto II, and Adelaide for some years exercised a powerful influence at court.

When Theophano died in 991, Adelaide was restored to the regency of her grandson.

When the peace treaty was signed in February, 1828, Abbas Mirza sought to restore order in the province of Khorasan, which was nominally under Persian supremacy, and while engaged in the task died at Mashhad in 1833.

When Afzal Khan died at the end of the year, Azam Khan became the new ruler, with Abdur Rahman as his governor in the northern province.

When Artemis and Apollo heard this impiety, Apollo killed her sons as they practiced athletics, and Artemis shot her daughters, who died instantly without a sound.

When he was about 18 years old, his parents died and left him with the care of his unmarried sister.

When he died in August 1945 he left the remainder to the National Trust.

When Stalin died of a stroke on 5 March 1953, Olga Ivinskaya was imprisoned in the Gulag, and Pasternak was in Moscow.