When more electrons are added to a single atom, the additional electrons tend to more evenly fill in a volume of space around the nucleus so that the resulting collection ( sometimes termed the atom ’ s “ electron cloud ” ) tends toward a generally spherical zone of probability describing where the atom ’ s electrons will be found.

When describing graviton interactions, the classical theory ( i. e., the tree diagrams ) and semiclassical corrections ( one-loop diagrams ) behave normally, but Feynman diagrams with two ( or more ) loops lead to ultraviolet divergences ; that is, infinite results that cannot be removed because the quantized general relativity is not renormalizable, unlike quantum electrodynamics.

When describing the model the term ' cycle ' is used.

When describing a harpsichord it is customary to specify its choirs of strings, often called its disposition.

When Braid introduced the concept of hypnotism, he equivocated over the nature of the " state ", sometimes describing it as a specific sleep-like neurological state comparable to animal hibernation or yogic meditation, while at other times he emphasised that hypnotism encompasses a number of different stages or states that are

When describing Damascus, Mecca, Medina and some other places in the Middle East, Ibn Juzayy clearly copied passages from the 12th-century account by Ibn Jubayr.

When she sings, she is able to inspire and mesmerise the poet by describing a false paradise.

" When describing specifics, he argued, " The rhythmical development of the stanza, too, though technically brilliant, evokes admiration rather than delight.

When describing the lexicon a reductionist approach is used, trying to remain general while using a minimal description.

When describing kinetics and dynamics of nuclear reactors and also in the practice of reactor operation is used the concept of Reactivity ( nuclear ), which characterizes the deflection of reactor from the critical state.

When describing life in Communist countries, western propaganda sought to depict an image of a brainwashed citizenry which was then held captive by their government.

AD 790 and describing events of the 660s: " When Grimuald set out for Beneventum, he entrusted his palace to Lupus " ( Historia Langobardorum, V. xvii ).

When describing the pharmacokinetic properties of a chemical, pharmacologists are often interested in LADME:

When people are describing a person, they constantly talk about traits to help define the person as a whole.

'" When describing his views of the peace process among Arab leaders and in the media of the Arab world, Arafat's rhetoric became noticeably more bellicose than it was when among Western leaders and media outside of the Arab world.

When an old theory and a new one are parallel in this way, we can conclude that we are describing the same reality, only more completely.

When describing the IFC in 1955, World Bank President Eugene R. Black said that the IFC would only invest in private firms, rather than make loans to governments, and it would not manage the projects in which it invests.

When describing an amplifier, the more common term is gain.

When describing the geology of Calabria it is commonly referred to " The Calabrian Arc ", the arc-shaped geographic domain extending from the southern part of the Basilicata Region up to the northeast of Sicily, the Peloritano Mountains ( although some authors extend this domain from Naples in the North up to Palermo in the Southwest ).

When describing the Chinese Empire under the Qing Dynasty, Winterbotham divided it into three parts: China proper, Chinese Tartary, and the States Tributary to China.

When Intel sued the competitor UMC for patent infringement over technologies including microcode updates of processors and different parts of the processor working asynchronously, UMC could point to an awarded paper describing how these technologies had been used in the D23 already in 1972.

When the city was freed from the British, General Nathaniel Green presented its leaders with the Moultrie Flag, describing it as the first American flag flown in the South.

" When the people of Quraish did not believe me ( i. e. the story of my Night Journey ), I stood up in Al-Hijr and Allah displayed Jerusalem in front of me, and I began describing Jerusalem to them while I was looking at it.

When describing a field setting, the numbers of fielders on the off side and leg side are often abbreviated into a shortened form, with the off side number quoted first.

When describing the act of incest Dryden uses a monster metaphor.

When the rode is slack, the catenary curve presents a lower angle of pull on the anchor or mooring device than would be the case if it were nearly straight.

When the angle θ does not satisfy the above condition, the horizontal component of force exerted by the road does not provide the correct centripetal force, and an additional frictional force tangential to the road surface is called upon to provide the difference.

When the “ same picture ” is taken in two different format sizes from the same distance at the same f-number with lenses that give the same angle of view, and the final images ( e. g., in prints, or on a projection screen or electronic display ) are the same size,

When moving from a denser medium into a less dense one ( i. e., n < sub > 1 </ sub > > n < sub > 2 </ sub >), above an incidence angle known as the critical angle, all light is reflected and R < sub > s </ sub > = R < sub > p </ sub > = 1.

When a pipette injects a liquid onto a solid, the liquid will form some contact angle.

When a cambered airfoil is upside down, the angle of attack can be adjusted so that the lift force is upwards.

When this angle is exceeded, photons no longer penetrate the semiconductor but are instead reflected both internally inside the semiconductor crystal and externally off the surface of the crystal as if it were a mirror.

When referenced in the form of a Web URI, content IDs and message IDs are placed within the URI schemes cid and mid respectively, without the angle brackets:

It is also possible to produce polarised light rays using a combination of reflection and refraction: When a refracted ray and the reflected ray form a right angle, the reflected ray has the property of " plane polarization ".

When viewed from directly in front, the speed may show exactly 60 ; but when viewed from the passenger seat the needle may appear to show a slightly different speed, due to the angle of viewing.

When the reflector is moving at right angle to the radar beam, it has no relative velocity.

When the ski is set at an angle the edge cuts into the snow, the ski will follow the arc and hence turn the skier ; a practice known as carving a turn.

When the incident angle is increased sufficiently, the transmitted angle ( in air ) reaches 90 degrees.

When the length of vectors is defined, it is possible to also define a dot product — a scalar-valued product of two vectors — which gives a convenient algebraic characterization of both length ( the square root of the dot product of a vector by itself ) and angle ( a function of the dot product between any two vectors ).

When Lancia pioneered the V6 in 1950, they used a 60 ° angle between the cylinder banks and a six-throw crankshaft to achieve equally spaced firing intervals of 120 °.

When a wave strikes a reflective surface, it changes direction, such that the angle made by the incident wave and line normal to the surface equals the angle made by the reflected wave and the same normal line.

When applying the supersonic area rule, the condition that the plane defining the cross-section meet the longitudinal axis at the Mach angle μ no longer prescribes a unique plane for μ other than the 90 ° given by M

When the κ angle is zero, the ω and φ axes are aligned.

When unpolarized light is incident at this angle, the light that is reflected from the surface is therefore perfectly polarized.

When solved for the diffracted angle maxima, the equation is:

When an area element is radiating as a result of being illuminated by an external source, the irradiance ( energy or photons / time / area ) landing on that area element will be proportional to the cosine of the angle between the illuminating source and the normal.

When a light ray is incident from a medium of refractive index n to the core of index n < sub > core </ sub > at the maximum acceptance angle, Snell's law at the medium – core interface gives