When they are lit, it is a way for one to call for military aid from the other, as per its historical use in medieval Europe.

When Dave Wesely entered the service in 1970, his friend and fellow Napoleonics wargamer Dave Arneson began a medieval variation of Wesely's Braunstein games, where players control individuals instead of armies.

When his influential pseudo-history made it to Continental Europe, writers altered the name further until it finally took on the popular form Excalibur ( various spellings in the medieval Arthurian Romance and Chronicle tradition include: Calabrun, Calabrum, Calibourne, Callibourc, Calliborc, Calibourch, Escaliborc, and Escalibor ).

When examining medieval literature, chivalry can be classified into three basic but overlapping areas:

It has been suggested this idea was strong enough in medieval times to produce an expression, " to mate griffins with horses ", which meant about the same as the modern expression, " When pigs fly ".

The church “ rises authoritatively over the village like a cathedral of medieval Europe .” When the church was completed, the cost of construction was an amazing $ 100, 000.

When asked as to what the mask represents he has answered, " I do not look upon myself as a goblin, or troll, or elf, or medieval.

When this practice happened en masse, it had the advantage of ensuring the strength and continuity of cultural and religious practices in medieval society.

When the medieval order of the Knights Templar was suppressed by King Philip IV of France, on October 13, 1307, Philip had many French Templars simultaneously arrested, and then tortured into confessions.

When connected to a PC this combination could be used to display images or information for educational or archival purposes, for example thousands of scanned medieval manuscripts.

John F. Danby in Shakespeare ’ s Doctrine of Nature ( 1949 ) examines the response of Shakespeare ’ s history plays ( in the widest sense ) to the vexed question: ‘ When is it right to rebel ?’, and concludes that Shakespeare ’ s thought ran through three stages: ( 1 ) In the Wars of the Roses plays, Henry VI to Richard III, Shakespeare shows a new thrustful godlessness attacking the pious medieval structure represented by Henry VI.

When the room was excavated, archaeologists discovered scattered human remains and evidence of graves beneath the medieval floor level, indicating that a number of people were once buried there.

When the Kingdom of Castile took Jerez on October 9, 1264, following the name given by the Muslims to the city in the period known as the Reconquista, the city was then called Xerez in medieval Castilian, transcribing the consonant ( like the English sh ) with the letter ⟨ x ⟩, as was the rule at the time.

When Christ says to turn the other cheek, Tolstoy asserts that he means simply that and rejects the interpretations of Roman and medieval scholars who attempted to limit its scope, writing:

When Christianity became the dominant religion and began coopting imagery from pagan myth, Satan was given the likeness of Pan, leading to Satan traditionally being depicted with a goatee in medieval and renaissance art, an image which persists into the modern era.

* John Van Antwerp Fine, When ethnicity did not matter in the Balkans: a study of identity in pre-nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the medieval and early-modern periods, University of Michigan Press, 2006 ISBN 0-472-11414-X.

When after the end of the ' Tatar yoke ' the territory of former Kievan Rus was divided between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Grand Duchy of Moscow, two separate literary languages emerged in these states, Ruthenian in the west and medieval Russian in the east.

When Wilson attended the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 where the Treaty of Versailles was worked out, he brought only three advisors, including one medieval historian Charles Haskins, serving as chief of the Western European division of the American commission.

When he was one of four men named bishop in 1189, medieval chronicler Richard of Devizes wrote that the four new bishops were " men of no little virtue and fame ".

When the Italian futurist Filippo Tommaso Marinetti visited London in 1910, as part of a series of well-publicised lectures aimed at galvanizing support across Europe for the new Italian avant-garde, his presentation at the Lyceum Club, in which he addressed his audience as " victims of .... traditionalism and its medieval trappings ," electrified the assembled avant-garde.

" When Adam delved and Eve span ..." runs the rhyme ; though the tradition that Eve span is unattested in Genesis, it was deeply engrained in the medieval Christian vision of Eve.

When the medieval Bosnian state achieved a certain level of independence in the 12th century, its rulers were once again called bans, and their territory banovina, likely because of the similar suzerain status that it had towards the king of Hungary.

When sources become more reliable, Götaland is an integrated part of the Swedish kingdom and from Stenkil and onwards most of the medieval Swedish kings actually belonged to Geatish clans ( House of Stenkil, House of Sverker and the House of Bjelbo, possibly also the House of Eric ).

When not teaching medieval history at Princeton, Strayer was involved with the CIA, as a member of the CIA's Office of National Estimates.

When the CCITT ( now ITU-T ) was standardizing ATM, parties from the United States wanted a 64-byte payload because this was felt to be a good compromise in larger payloads optimized for data transmission and shorter payloads optimized for real-time applications like voice ; parties from Europe wanted 32-byte payloads because the small size ( and therefore short transmission times ) simplify voice applications with respect to echo cancellation.

When populations were quickly decreased by causes such as the Black Death or devastating warfare ( for example, Genghis Khan's Mongol hordes in eastern and central Europe, Thirty Years ' War in Germany ), this could lead to settlements being abandoned.

When over 100 parliamentarians from the twelve member nations of the Council of Europe came together in Strasbourg in the summer of 1949 for the first ever meeting of the Council's Consultative Assembly, drafting a " charter of human rights " and creating a Court to enforce it was high on their agenda.

When film studios in Europe began to fail, many European countries began to set import barriers.

When Spain became the leading power of Europe, the Spanish armies carried fencing abroad and particularly into the south of Italy, one of the main battlefields between both nations.

When the IFF was founded in 1986, the sport was played in mostly Nordic countries, Japan, and several parts of Europe.

When the Soviet Union allowed non-communist governments to take power in Eastern Europe, Gorbachev suggested they could look to Finland as an example to follow.

When the last scene finally was filmed in the early morning hours of July 28, 1954, Cukor already had departed the production and was unwinding in Europe.

When World War I began in August 1914, Hoover helped organize the return of 120, 000 Americans from Europe.

When in charge of government, both CDU and SPD have tended to favor improved relations with Central and Eastern Europe, even when this conflicts with the interests of the displaced people.

When World War I broke out in Western Europe, Moseley left his research work at the University of Oxford behind to volunteer for the Royal Engineers of the British Army.

When it became obvious that the United States was eventually going to become involved in the war raging in Europe, the U. S. Army contacted 135 companies asking for working prototypes of a four-wheel-drive reconnaissance car.

When the East Germanic tribes left for southern Europe, West Slavic tribes moved in and were the first group to settle it permanently.

When the Bible was translated into European languages, the names of food grains common in Europe were used, some of which were not grown in ancient Israel:

" When his peerage was first announced, he said, " It will give me the opportunity ... to contribute to the national debate on issues like higher education, research, Europe and foreign policy.

When an alphabet is borrowed to represent a different language than that for which it originally developed ( as has been done with the Latin alphabet for many languages in Europe and elsewhere or Japanese Katakana being used for foreign words ), it often proves to be defective in representing the new language's phonemes.

When the Germans asked him to declare himself in favour of their desire for national unity, he replied that he would not as this would weaken the Habsburg state: “ Truly, if it were not that Austria had long existed, it would be necessary, in the interest of Europe, in the interest of humanity itself, to create it .”

When the American authorities considered " repatriating " him to Europe, it was Franz Boas who actually saved his life.

When the German government abolished gambling in the 1860s, the Blanc family moved to the last legal remaining casino operation in Europe at Monte Carlo, where they established a gambling mecca for the elite of Europe.

When Shetland became part of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, trade with northern Europe decreased, although fishing has continued to be an important aspect of the economy up to the present day.

When Cardinal Wolsey, the king's Lord Chancellor, selected several Cambridge scholars, including Edward Lee, Stephen Gardiner and Richard Sampson, to be diplomats throughout Europe, Cranmer was chosen to take a minor role in the English embassy in Spain.

When the war was over, he quarreled with the Emperor, resigned and spent the rest of his life in Europe.