When designing a concrete structure, it is normal to state the concrete cover for the rebar ( the depth within the object that the rebar will be ).

When all pilings were in place, a reinforced concrete pad was poured at the bottom of the cofferdam to form a footing for the column, subsequently cast in place around rebar using reusable metal formwork.

When cut open, lithium exhibits a metallic luster, but contact with moist air corrodes the surface quickly to a dull silvery gray, then black tarnish.

When immersed separately, each metal corrodes at its own rate.

When cut, it possesses a silvery-white color that quickly changes to gray due to oxidation.

When the thiol groups of two cysteine residues ( as in monomers or constituent units ) are brought near each other in the course of protein folding, an oxidation reaction can generate a cystine unit with a disulfide bond (- S-S -).

When meat is in its raw state, the iron atom is in the + 2 oxidation state, and is bound to a dioxygen molecule ( O < sub > 2 </ sub >).

When multiple compounds are possible, the oxidation state of the cation is added after it in roman numerals ( copper ( II ) sulfide ), or the cation's stem is used with a-ous or-ic suffix ( cupric sulfide ).

When terpenes are modified chemically, such as by oxidation or rearrangement of the carbon skeleton, the resulting compounds are generally referred to as terpenoids.

When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and catalyze the oxidation of the hydroquinones into p-quinones.

When terpenes are modified chemically, such as by oxidation or rearrangement of the carbon skeleton, the resulting compounds are generally referred to as terpenoids.

When first removed, the henna design is pale to dark orange in colour and gradually darkens through oxidation, over the course of 24 to 72 hours.

When absorbed through the skin from a poison ivy plant, urushiol undergoes oxidation in the skin cells to generate the actual hapten, a reactive molecule called a quinone, which then reacts with skin proteins to form hapten adducts.

When oxidation is the primary concern, packaging with a low oxygen transmission rate and the use of oxygen absorbers can help extend the shelf life.

When combined with the strong air blast required to penetrate the large ore and charcoal stack, this may cause part of the iron to melt and become saturated with carbon in the process, producing unforgeable pig iron which requires oxidation to be reduced into cast iron, steel, and iron.

When reheated for lamp-working and similar uses, the working conditions should control the temperature and oxidation as required for the original batch melt: keep the temperature below the melting point of copper ( 1084. 62 ° C ) and use an oxygen-poor reducing flame, or risk decomposition into the failure modes described above.

When high temperatures are applied the more volatile aromas are lost and the rate of oil oxidation is increased, producing therefore lower quality oils.

When carnitine cannot be transported into tissues, fatty acid oxidation is impaired, leading to a variety of symptoms such as chronic muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, hypoglycemia and liver dysfunction.

When gamma irradiated in air, this material exhibited susceptibility to oxidation, resulting in inferior clinical performance related to virgin UHMWPE.

When iodine is complexed with a monodentate electronegative ligand such as chlorine, iodine compounds occur with a + 3 oxidation number as iodine ( III ) or λ < sup > 3 </ sup >- iodanes or as a + 5 oxidation number as iodine ( V ) or λ < sup > 5 </ sup >- iodanes.

When burned, the chemical oxidation of the fuel yields noxious fumes, requiring foods being cooked to be contained in a receptacle such as a pot or pan, and burned tablets will leave a sticky dark residue on the bottom of pots.

When Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > occupies such sites, the protein undergoes a conformational change and converts through oxidation its prosthetic group, coelenterazine, into excited coelenteramide and CO < sub > 2 </ sub >.

When the " victimized " molecule loses its electron, it, in turn, becomes a free radical and a chain reaction called oxidation is produced that is known to be damaging to living cells and tissues.

When the Soviet Union broke up in late 1991, a major boost to Cuba's economy was lost, leaving it essentially paralyzed because of the economy's narrow basis, focused on just a few products with just a few buyers.

When elements are burned, the products are primarily the most common oxides.

When the process feed has a diverse composition, as in distilling crude oil, liquid outlets at intervals up the column allow for the withdrawal of different fractions or products having different boiling points or boiling ranges.

When they claim that their product is the " best ", they mean that the product is as good as the other superior products in its category.

* When added to boiling water and cooled, unflavored gelatin can make a home-made hair styling gel that is cheaper than many commercial hair styling products, but by comparison has a shorter shelf life ( about a week ) when stored in this form ( usually in a refrigerator ).

When Central Park Media went bankrupt in the year of 2009, the licenses for all Anime 18-related products and movies were transferred to Critical Mass.

When investors buy these products the index provider makes the investments in the underlying funds, making an investable index similar in some ways to a fund of hedge funds portfolio.

When oxygen is limited, the glycolytic products will be metabolized by anaerobic fermentation, a process that is independent of the mitochondria.

When Bada performed the Miller-type experiment with the addition of iron and carbonate minerals, the products were rich in amino acids.

When the semiconductor division of DEC was sold to Intel, many engineers from the Palo Alto design group moved to SiByte, a start-up company designing MIPS system-on-a-chip ( SoC ) products for the networking market.

When estimating project times, it should be remembered that programming products ( which can be sold to paying customers ) and programming systems are both three times as hard to write as in-house programs.

When comparing the properties of compounds in combinatorial chemistry libraries to those of approved drugs and natural products, Feher and Schmidt noted that combinatorial chemistry libraries suffer particularly from the lack of chirality, as well as structure rigidity, both of which are widely regarded as drug-like properties.

When the calculator IC prices started to fall, Pico refocused on commercial products rather than plain ICs.

When mixed with concentrated sulfuric, they begin releasing oxygen, which can oxidise the carbonaceous dehydration products formed from organic residues by the sulfuric to carbon dioxide ; ' burning ' them off the glass.

When buying hake fillet or any other type of hake fish products, consumers need to purchase hake with white flesh that is free of signs of dryness, grayness or browning.

When products are different according to features that can't be ordered in an objective way, or in other words, at the same price, some consumers would prefer the product while others would prefer a different substitute Horizontal differentiation can be differentiation in colors ( different color version for the same good ), in styles ( e. g. modern / antique ), or in tastes.

When campaigning for president during 1928, one of Herbert Hoover's promises to help beleaguered farmers had been to increase tariffs of agricultural products.

When daytime serials began in the early 1930s, they became known as soap operas because many were sponsored by soap products and detergents.

When Musella became a flag stop, the railroad offered better opportunities for farmers to market their products, so many of the residents of nearby Ceres, Georgia, ( named after Roman goddess of agriculture ; settlement also called Hopewell ) migrated to Musella.

When the California Steam Navigation Company came to Washington, Bryte used the steamships to carry his dairy products to various markets within the region.

When the railroad reached Spartanburg in the late 1840s, a market was established for the agricultural products of the area.

When an orthonormal basis that the vector a is represented in terms of is rotated, a's matrix in the new basis is obtained through multiplying a by a rotation matrix R. This matrix multiplication is just a compact representation of a sequence of dot products.

When a thrombus occupies more than 75 % of cross-sectional area of the lumen of an artery, blood flow to the tissue supplied is reduced enough to cause symptoms because of decreased oxygen ( hypoxia ) and accumulation of metabolic products like lactic acid.

When naphtha is used as a feedstock in catalytic reforming the primary products are aromatics including benzene, xylene, and toluene.