When a system, for example, n moles of a gas of volume V at pressure p and temperature T, is created or brought to its present state from absolute zero, energy must be supplied equal to its internal energy U plus pV, where pV is the work done in pushing against the ambient ( atmospheric ) pressure.

When the monarch has no or few legal restraints in state and political matters, it is called an absolute monarchy and is a form of autocracy.

When he plotted the spectral types of these stars against their absolute magnitude, he found that dwarf stars followed a distinct relationship.

Nichiren Buddhism emphasizes the sanctity of life and absolute non-violence: “ To deprive a being of life is to commit the gravest kind of sin ”, and considers debate or dialogue as the only avenue to resolve disputes: “ When in public debate, although the teachings that you advocate are perfectly consistent with the truth, you should never on that account be impolite or abusive, or display a conceited attitude.

When the exact chromaticities of the red, green, and blue primaries are defined, the color model then becomes an absolute color space, such as sRGB or Adobe RGB ; see RGB color spaces for more details.

When Los Angeles offered O ' Malley what the City of New York wouldn't — complete and absolute ownership of the facility — he left for southern California in a preemptive bid to install the Dodgers there before a new or existing major league franchise could beat him to it.

When his father died after a 37-year reign, the eighteen-year old Otto II became absolute ruler of the Holy Roman Empire in a peaceful succession.

* When asked why he seemed so incredibly cheerful all the time: " Well, old bean, life is really so bloody awful that I feel it ’ s my absolute duty to be chirpy and try and make everybody else happy too.

When all sets under consideration are considered to be subsets of a given set U, the absolute complement of A is the set of all elements in U but not in A.

When G is complete, absolute convergence implies unconditional convergence.

When men and women exercise at the same absolute intensity there are no differences in sweating responses.

When the absolute position of the robot is measured and compared to the commanded position the error is a measure of accuracy.

When closing after an action potential, sodium channels enter an " inactivated " state, in which they cannot be made to open regardless of the membrane potential — this gives rise to the absolute refractory period.

When Casley declared himself " Prince ", the administration board clause lost effect and the Hutt River Principality became a benevolent absolute monarchy, with a legislation committee to draft new legislation.

When reason rises to the conception of universal order, when actions are submitted, by the exercise of a sympathy working necessarily and intuitively to the idea of the universal order, the good has been reached, the true good, good in itself, absolute good.

When words have a grammatical gender associated with them, in many languages, there is an absolute requirement for morphological changes to maintain sentence agreement.

When referencing fingerings for a song that uses a capo, it must be determined whether reference will be made to the absolute finger position, or whether reference will be made to the position relative to the capo.

" When 1960 arrived, rather than releasing the Third Secret, the Vatican published an official press release stating that it was " most probable the Secret would remain, forever, under absolute seal.

When Bertha encourages reluctant Edward Craddock, whom she has known since their childhood, to propose to her, she is certain that she will find absolute fulfillment and happiness in her marriage, even if it means abandoning city life and its pleasures for the Kentish coast " to live as her ancestors had lived, ploughing the land, sowing and reaping ; but her children, the sons of the future, would belong to a new stock, stronger and fairer than the old.

When applied to processing steps such as mastering recordings, absolute accuracy may be secondary to artistic or aesthetic concerns.

When the government removes someone ’ s freedom, it takes on the absolute responsibility to protect that person ’ s safety.

When combined with the ten seats won by the Alliance, the coalition was two seats short of an absolute majority.

During the Edinburgh Live 8 on 2 July 2005, the Corrs performed " When the Stars Go Blue " alongside Bono to promote the Make Poverty History campaign, which aimed to increase awareness and pressure governments into taking actions towards relieving absolute poverty.

When I is a principal ideal αO < sub > K </ sub > then N ( I ) is equal to the absolute value of the norm to Q of α, for α an algebraic integer.

When the power is expressed in dBm the larger the absolute value of the negative number, the better the receive sensitivity.

When referring to total energy output, the proper term is bolometric magnitude.

When the heat release oscillations are in phase with the pressure oscillations, the Rayleigh Index is positive and the magnitude of the thermo acoustic instability is maximised.

When considering human-powered equipment, a healthy human can produce about 1. 2 hp briefly ( see orders of magnitude ) and sustain about 0. 1 hp indefinitely ; trained athletes can manage up to about 2. 5 hp briefly

When truncating, a number of this order of magnitude is between 10 < sup > 6 </ sup > and 10 < sup > 7 </ sup >.

When only the magnitude and direction of the vector matter, then the particular initial point is of no importance, and the vector is called a free vector.

When a system expels or accelerates mass in one direction, the accelerated mass will cause a force of equal magnitude but opposite direction on that system.

When the diode is forward biased, the injected carrier concentration is typically several orders of magnitude higher than the intrinsic level carrier concentration.

When cardinal utility is used, the magnitude of utility differences is treated as an ethically or behaviorally significant quantity.

# When a reaction is reversed, the magnitude of ΔH stays the same, but the sign changes.

:" When I first put pen to paper to write The Golden Bough I had no conception of the magnitude of the voyage on which I was embarking ; I thought only to explain a single rule of an ancient Italian priesthood.

When Eta Carinae was first catalogued in 1677 by Edmond Halley, it was of the 4th magnitude, but by 1730, observers noticed it had brightened considerably and was, at that point, one of the brightest stars in Carina.

When multiplying numbers, the magnitude of the product is always just the product of the two magnitudes.

When the restoring force of the cantilever exceeds tip-sample adhesion force the probe jumps out of contact, and the magnitude of this jump is often used as a measure of adhesion force or rupture force.

When the heat and work transfers in the equations above are infinitesimal in magnitude, they are often denoted by δ, rather than exact differentials denoted by " d ", as a reminder that heat and work do not describe the state of any system.

When rounding to a predetermined number of significant digits, the increment m depends on the magnitude of the number to be rounded ( or of the rounded result ).

When using a CCD camera to conduct photometry there are a number of possible ways to extract a photometric measurement ( e. g. the magnitude of a star ) from the raw CCD image.

When a system expels mass in one direction, the force the expelled mass applies to the system is called thrust ; the force the system applies to the mass being expelled is of equal magnitude but opposite direction.

When Jones won all four, the sports world searched for ways to capture the magnitude of his accomplishment.

When the lie is of sufficient magnitude it may succeed, due to the victim's reluctance to believe that an untruth on such a grand scale would indeed be concocted.

When a part is subjected to a cyclic stress, also known as stress range ( Sr ), it has been observed that the failure of the part occurs after a number of stress reversals ( N ) even if the magnitude of the stress range is below the material ’ s yield strength.

When the force is not perpendicular to the point of interest, such as Point O in Images B and C, the magnitude of the Moment, M of a vector F about the point O is

When solar irradiance is measured on the outer surface of Earth's atmosphere, the measurements can be adjusted using the inverse square law to infer the magnitude of solar irradiance at one AU and deduce the solar constant.

When the magnitude of the disaster became evident, there was a general panic.

When the right hand side of this equation is positive, there is a nonzero solution for ψ ( remember that the magnitude of a complex number can be positive or zero ).