When covalent bonds link long chains of atoms in large molecules, however ( as in polymers such as nylon ), or when covalent bonds extend in networks though solids that are not composed of discrete molecules ( such as diamond or quartz or the silicate minerals in many types of rock ) then the structures that result may be both strong and tough, at least in the direction oriented correctly with networks of covalent bonds.

When only a small proportion of the molecules meet these criteria, the rate of evaporation is low.

When they are not attached to other molecules, they are known as " free " fatty acids.

When the electric current is applied, the larger molecules move more slowly through the gel while the smaller molecules move faster.

When exposed to the atmosphere, zinc reacts with oxygen to form zinc oxide, which further reacts with water molecules in the air to form zinc hydroxide.

When the brown solution of iodine in strong donor solvents were heated, a color transition from brown to violet is observed as the weakly-bonded charge-transfer complex dissociates into to free solvent and iodine molecules.

When EMR interacts with single atoms and molecules, its behaviour depends on the amount of energy per quantum it carries.

When dissolving a lipophilic or amphiphilic substance in a polar environment, the polar molecules ( i. e., water in an aqueous solution ) become more ordered around the dissolved lipophilic substance, since the polar molecules cannot form hydrogen bonds to the lipophilic areas of the amphiphile.

When an external electric field is applied to the liquid crystal, the dipole molecules tend to orient themselves along the direction of the field.

When a magnetic field is applied, the molecules will tend to align with or against the field.

Effect of a magnet on the domains. When a domain contains too many molecules, it becomes unstable and divides into two domains aligned in opposite directions so that they stick together more stably as shown at the right.

When a magnetized ferromagnetic material is heated to the Curie point temperature, the molecules are agitated to the point that the magnetic domains lose the organization and the magnetic properties they cause cease.

When the Ag < sup >+</ sup > ion forms a complex with these molecules, they are rendered unusable by the bacteria, depriving them of necessary compounds and eventually leading to their death.

When activated, toll-like receptors ( TLRs ) take adapter molecules within the cytoplasm of cells in order to propagate a signal.

When a signal comes down an axon, the synaptic vesicles fuse with the cell membrane releasing the neurotransmitter so that it can be detected by receptor molecules on the next nerve cell.

When a small sub-molecular imperfection was introduced into Captain America's shield, each impact over the years spread to neighboring molecules.

When air molecules collide, they also bounce away from each other ( a restoring force ).

When relatively dry dough is worked by kneading, or wet dough is allowed to rise for a long time ( see no-knead bread ), the glutenin forms strands of long, thin, chainlike molecules, while the shorter gliadin forms bridges between the strands of glutenin.

When something is dissolved, molecules of the solvent arrange themselves around molecules of the solute.

When heat radiates from the surface of the earth, it is released as long-wave radiation, which can move freely through gases composed of diatomic molecules ( such as the atmosphere's oxygen and nitrogen ), but is readily absorbed by triatomic molecules, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor.

When these particles collide with nucleons in the Earth's atmosphere, a shower of particles is generated, including pions.

When two plates move or collide with each other, vast land areas are uplifted, forming mountains.

When these gamma rays collide with atoms in the mid-stratosphere, the gamma rays knock out electrons.

When cosmic rays enter the Earth's atmosphere they collide with molecules, mainly oxygen and nitrogen.

When particles are present in an aerosol they collide with each other.

When two Ocean current | currents collide, they create eddies.

When two continental plates collide, obduction of the oceanic crust between them is often a part of the resulting orogeny.

When the meteoroids collide with other meteoroids in the zodiacal cloud, they lose their stream association and become part of the " sporadic meteors " background.

When the two finally collide, the neutron star and red giant core will merge.

Sources close to Mayorga predict a Ricardo Mayorga vs Antonio Margarito Show down " When villains collide " the winner of the fight having one final shot at ressurecting his career and the loser retiring from boxing, a fight that will entertain fans not only in a press conference but in the ring aswell.

When continents collide, the continental crust may thicken at their edges in the collision.

When two objects collide, the program may need to do different things according to what has just hit what.

When one considers light-cone quantized superstrings, the discussion is more subtle as divergences can arise when the light-cone vertices collide.

When electrons collide with molecules of air in the gap, they excite their orbital electrons to higher energy levels.

When a particle and its antiparticle collide, their energy is converted into a force carrier particle, such as a gluon, W / Z force carrier particle, or a photon.

When an electron and a positron collide to annihilate and create gamma rays, energy is given off.

When in turn the energized free electrons collide with the atoms or molecules of the gas in the volume and cause ionization, if their kinetic energy is larger than the molecule or atom ionization energy.

When the particles are accelerated to maximum energy ( and focused to so-called bunches ), an electron and a positron bunch is made to collide with each other at one of the collision points of the detector.

When an electron and a positron collide, they annihilate to a virtual particle, either a photon or a Z boson.

When the pressure-gap product is high, an electron will collide with many different gas molecules as it travels from the cathode to the anode.

When two non-transparent pixels in any pair of sprites collide, the sprite collision flag is set.

When electrons of the beam impact the surface of a solid, some of them may be reflected ( as " backscattered " electrons ), and others penetrate under the surface, where they collide with the particles of the solid.