When bright light is shone on the eye light sensitive cells in the retina, including rod and cone photoreceptors and melanopsin ganglion cells, will send signals to the oculomotor nerve, specifically the parasympathetic part coming from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, which terminates on the circular iris sphincter muscle.

When defecating, the external sphincter muscles relax.

When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas, and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues.

When the bladder sphincter does not function properly, retrograde ejaculation may occur.

When the sphincter of Oddi is closed, newly synthesized bile from the liver is forced into storage in the gall bladder.

When the price of a stock on the NYSE and its corresponding futures contract on OCX are out of sync, one can buy the less expensive one and sell it to the more expensive market.

When the country was still part of the former Yugoslavia, joint ventures and cooperation played a large role here ( motor industry, metal processing, textile industry / contract processing work, steel and chemicals ).

When Chaplin's contract came up for renewal at the end of the year, he asked for $ 1, 000 a week.

When Warner discovered that Jones had violated his exclusive contract with them, they terminated him.

When it is either not possible or not desirable to award the victim in that way, a court may award money damages designed to restore the injured party to the economic position s / he occupied at the time the contract was entered ( known as the " reliance measure "), or designed to prevent the breaching party from being unjustly enriched (" restitution ") ( see below ).

When Kaye asked to be released from his radio contract in mid-1946, he agreed not to accept another regular radio show for one year and also to limit his guest appearances on the radio programs of others.

When analyzing a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are two basic approaches one can use ; bottom up analysis and top down analysis.

When Shilton told Leicester he would not sign a professional contract unless he was guaranteed first team football, Banks found himself available for transfer, just a year after winning the World Cup.

When Greenberg decided to retire rather than play for less, Detroit sold his contract to the Pittsburgh Pirates.

When the hands come over the knees, the legs contract back towards the foot stretcher.

When she was only two years old she was promised to the Dauphin, the infant son of King Francis I of France, but the contract was repudiated after three years.

When one applies this process to nouns such as electrons, energy, contract, happiness, space, time, truth, causality, and God, ontology becomes fundamental to many branches of philosophy.

When the muscles of the vocal folds contract, the airflow from the lungs is impeded until the vocal folds are forced apart again by the increasing air pressure from the lungs.

When PublishAmerica offered to send them a contract to publish Atlanta Nights, they revealed the hoax, and PublishAmerica withdrew the contract offer.

When Hugh returned to Scotland he found out that his contract had some small print letters that his failing sight did not allow him to see.

When Williams returned, he signed a $ 98, 000 contract on May 13.

When the bladder is stretched, this signals the parasympathetic nervous system to contract the detrusor muscle.

When, on a mid-ocean voyage, Paley heard a phonograph record of a young unknown crooner, he rushed to the ship's radio room and " cabled " New York to sign Bing Crosby immediately to a contract for a daily radio show.

When using contracts, a supplier should not try to verify that the contract conditions are satisfied ; the general idea is that code should " fail hard ", with contract verification being the safety net.

When the set is a nonempty finite subset of the plane ( that is, two-dimensional ), we may imagine stretching a rubber band so that it surrounds the entire set and then releasing it, allowing it to contract ; when it becomes taut, it encloses the convex hull of.

* Economic: When People / Government interpret a law / contract in their favor for economic reasons.

When determining if there a is an " investment contract " that must be registered the courts look for an investment of money, a common enterprise and expectation of profits to come primarily from the efforts of others.

When the systole begins, the ostia close and the heart muscles contract inwards, reducing the volume of the heart.

When used in this manner, the iris wipe may be centered around a certain focal point and may be used as a device for a " parting shot " joke, a fourth wall-breaching wink by a character, or other purposes.

When photographed with a flash, the iris constricts but not fast enough to avoid the red-eye effect.

When the bust was first discovered, Borchardt assumed that the quartz iris of the left eye had fallen out when the sculptor Thutmose's workshop fell into ruin, but an intensive search failed to locate it in the debris of the building.

When a vertebrate, like a human, enters a dark area, its iris dilates, allowing more light to enter the eye and improving night vision.

When there is a need to display a dark image, a display that supports dynamic contrast underpowers the backlight lamp ( or decreases the aperture of the projector's lens using an iris ), but proportionately amplifies the transmission through the LCD panel ; this gives the benefit of realizing the potential static contrast ratio of the LCD panel in dark scenes when the image is watched in a dark room.

When the manual surgical procedure is performed, some negative side effects may occur, such as that the opening of the iris can be seen by others ( aesthetics ), and the light can fall into the eye through the new hole, creating some visual disturbances.

When the pressure applied on a parcel of air decreases, the air in the parcel is allowed to expand ; as the volume increases, the temperature falls and internal energy decreases.

When this is done, the model radius still decreases with mass, but becomes zero at M < sub > limit </ sub >.

When the temperature decreases again, the rock contracts, causing pieces of the rock to break off.

When the mass moves closer to the equilibrium position, the restoring force decreases.

When a subtree is rotated, the subtree side upon which it is rotated decreases its height by one node while the other subtree increases its height.

When n people have to communicate among themselves, as n increases, their output decreases and when it becomes negative the project is delayed further with every person added.

When the computation of a frame consumes more time than is allowed between frames, the frame rate decreases.

When the cement paste exposed to the air and meteoric water reacts with the atmospheric CO < sub > 2 </ sub >, portlandite and the Calcium Silicate Hydrate ( CSH ) of the hardened cement paste become progressively carbonated and the high pH gradually decreases from 13. 5 – 12. 5 to 8. 5, the pH of water in equilibrium with calcite ( calcium carbonate ) and the steel is no longer passivated.

When the dew point remains constant and temperature increases, relative humidity decreases.

When injected in the vitreous cavity, it decreases the macular edema ( thickening of the retina at the macula ) caused due to diabetic maculopathy, and results in an increase in visual acuity.

When the brain is led to believe that the saccades it is generating are too large or too small ( by an experimental manipulation in which a saccade-target steps backwards or forwards contingent on the eye movement made to acquire it ), saccade amplitude gradually decreases ( or increases ), an adaptation ( also termed gain adaptation ) widely seen as a simple form of motor learning, possibly driven by an effort to correct visual error.

When a shock wave passes through matter, the total energy is preserved but the energy which can be extracted as work decreases and entropy increases.

When applied to external defibrillators, biphasic defibrillation significantly decreases the energy level necessary for successful defibrillation, decreasing the risk of burns and myocardial damage.

When a student requests a room, the clerk decreases this number.

( When verification of an attendant circumstance decreases the penalty, it is known as a mitigating or extenuating circumstance.

When acid molecules dissociate, the concentration of the undissociated acid molecules ( HA ) decreases and the concentrations of the product ions ( H < sup >+</ sup > and A < sup >-</ sup >) increase.

When a dry porous medium, such as a brick or a wick, is brought into contact with a liquid, it will start absorbing the liquid at a rate which decreases over time.

When in the high capacitance state, usually with low or no bias, they present a low impedance path to R. F., whereas when reverse biased their capacitance abruptly decreases and their R. F.

When the pressure in the left ventricle decreases, the aortic pressure forces the aortic valve to close.

When the volume of a chamber of either type of pump is increased ( the diaphragm moving up ), the pressure decreases, and fluid is drawn into the chamber.

When the pressure in the left ventricle decreases, the aortic pressure forces the aortic valve to close.

When the eye is abducted ( looking away from the nose ), the force of intorsion increases, while the force of depression decreases.

The diagram shows price points at the points labeled A, B, and C. When a vendor increases a price beyond a price point ( say to a price slightly above price point B ), sales volume decreases by an amount more than proportional to the price increase.