Whereas deforestation was primarily driven by subsistence activities and government-sponsored development projects like transmigration in countries like Indonesia and colonization in Latin America, India, Java, and so on, during late 19th century and the earlier half of the 20th century.

Whereas early monasteries are considered to have been held in common by the entire sangha, in later years this tradition diverged in a number of countries.

Whereas many supermodels of the previous era were American-born, their accents making for an easier transition to stardom, the majority of models began coming from non-English speaking countries and cultures, making the crossover to mainstream spokesperson and cover star difficult.

Whereas closed primaries are rather common within many European countries, few political parties in Europe already opted for open primaries.

Whereas before, in most now industrialized countries, this transition ranged from brief to almost non-existent, it is now a significant part of a person's development.

Whereas in other countries, microbreweries and brewpubs have risen in reaction to the mass production and marketing of beer, in Germany, the traditional brewpub or Brauhaus remains a major source of beer.

Whereas in the United States, the United Kingdom and many other countries, the PhD is sufficient qualification for a faculty position at a university with full privileges, in other countries only the habilitation qualifies the holder to independently supervise doctoral candidates.

Whereas the term " kinesiologist " is neither a licensed nor professional designation in the United States nor most countries ( with the exception of Canada ), individuals with training in this area can teach physical education, provide consulting services, conduct research and develop policies related to rehabilitation, human motor performance, ergonomics, and occupational health and safety.

Whereas in the U. S. warranties are generally provided in writing subject to control of the laws, in other countries warranties may be governed by specific statutes.

Whereas a traffic warden or police officer has jurisdiction over public roads, in many countries, the law allows landowners to wheel clamp vehicles parking on their property without permission.

Whereas in many countries field hockey is played all year long, in Germany and Austria the hockey season is divided evenly into a field hockey half in summer and an indoor hockey season in Winter.

Whereas they include no butterflies, micros do also include a surprising number of day-flying groups, and the advent of online identification resources in many countries ( e. g. " UK moths ") combined with the widespread use of digital macrophotography, is making them much easier to identify.

His MAJESTY THE KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND AND THE BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS, EMPEROR OF INDIA, and His MAJESTY THE KING OF ' IRAQ, whereas they desire to consolidate the friendship and to maintain and perpetuate the relations of good understanding between their respective countries ; and Whereas His Britannic Majesty undertook in the Treaty of Alliance signed at Baghdad on the thirteenth day of January, One thousand nine hundred and twenty-six of the Christian Era, corresponding to the twenty-eighth day of Jamadi-al-Ukhra, One thousand three hundred and forty-four, Hijrah, that he would take into active consideration at successive intervals of four years the question whether it was possible for him to press for the admission of ' Iraq into the League of Nations ; and

Whereas some studies suggest that parent countries can benefit from the emigration of skilled workers, generally it is emigration of unskilled and semi-skilled workers that is of economic benefit to countries of origin, by reducing pressure for employment creation.

Whereas in many other Commonwealth countries the Victoria Cross can only be awarded for actions against the enemy in a wartime setting, the Canadian government has a broader definition of the term enemy, and so the Victoria Cross can be awarded for action against armed mutineers, pirates, or other such hostile forces without war being officially declared.

Whereas for certain other language families, such as the speakers of Indo-European, Uralic, and Austronesian, we are able to frame substantial hypotheses, in the case of the proposed Altaic family everything remains to be done.

Whereas a biotic stress would include such living disturbances as fungi or harmful insects, abiotic stress factors, or stressors, are naturally occurring, often intangible, factors such as intense sunlight or wind that may cause harm to the plants and animals in the area affected.

Whereas in the past, the National and American leagues had separate administrative organizations ( which, for example, allowed for the introduction of different rules such as the designated hitter ), under Selig, Major League Baseball consolidated the administrative functions of both leagues into the Commissioner's Office in 2000.

The British Statute of Anne ( 1710 ) further alluded to individual rights of the artist, beginning: " Whereas Printers, Booksellers, and other Persons, have of late frequently taken the Liberty of Printing ... Books, and other Writings, without the Consent of the Authors ... to their very great Detriment, and too often to the Ruin of them and their Families :" A right to benefit financially from the work is articulated, and court rulings and legislation have recognized a right to control the work, such as ensuring that the integrity of it is preserved.

Whereas stories at this time in Coronation Street were largely about family affairs, Brookside concentrated on social affairs such as industrial action, unemployment and the black market.

Whereas several figures common to English Country Dance, e. g. arming and the straight hey, are found in the traditional dances and display dances such as morris, ECD's origins rest among the gentry, first at court, then spreading to bourgeois-London, finally moving into country manors around England.

Whereas a hyponym is one of the items included in the generic, such as peach and oak are included in tree, and cruiser and steamer in ship, " brother " and " sister " in " family ".

Whereas the older " depth scales " tried to infer the level of " hypnotic trance " based upon supposed observable signs, such as spontaneous amnesia, most subsequent scales measure the degree of observed or self-evaluated responsiveness to specific suggestion tests, such as direct suggestions of arm rigidity ( catalepsy ).

As such " Whereas the syndicalist alternative re-privatizes the economy into " self-managed " collectives and opens the way to their degeneration into traditional forms of private property-whether " collectively " owned or not-libertarian municipalism politicizes the economy and dissolves it into the civic domain.

Whereas fracture and cleavage describes the surfaces that are created when a mineral is broken, tenacity describes how resistant a mineral is to such breaking.

Whereas most manufacturers try to make products that will be marketable by appealing to preferences and prejudices, high modernists rejected such consumerist attitudes in order to undermine conventional thinking.

Whereas a team of bodyguards carrying larger submachine guns may indicate to would-be aggressors that the VIP is an important politician, a machine pistol such as the Glock 18 can be concealed in a standard holster.

Whereas ' state-driven ' national unification's, such as in France, England or China, are more likely to flourish in multiethnic societies, producing a traditional national heritage of civic nations, or territory-based nationalities.

Whereas enzymes are limited in their binding affinity for their substrates by the necessity of conducting their reaction, antibodies have no such constraints.

Whereas classical political philosophy is primarily defined by a concern for Hellenic and Enlightenment thought, political scientists are also marked by a great concern for " modernity " and the contemporary nation state, along with the study of classical thought, and as such share a greater deal of terminology with sociologists ( e. g. structure and agency ).

Whereas complex numbers have one number whose square is negative one, quaternions have three independent such numbers.

Whereas there is inconclusive evidence for these techniques ' efficacy, there is extensive evidence that human activity such as agriculture and industry results in inadvertent weather modification:

Whereas a detailed list of such significant contributions would certainly be desirable, below just a few innovations are listed as examples of breakthroughs that have played a critical role in the advancement of integrated circuit technology by more than six orders of magnitude in less than five decades:

Whereas in the past, East Iranian languages, such as Bactrian, Sogdian and Khotanese, and West Iranian languages, notably Parthian and Middle Persian were prominent.

Whereas the Capital markets are used for the raising of long term finance, such as the purchase of shares, or for loans that are not expected to be fully paid back for at least a year.

Whereas there are perhaps other examples of such a status for other disputed or dependent territories, this arrangement is certainly unique within the French Republic.

Whereas the king had only levied three lay subsidies until 1294, four such taxes were granted in the years 1294 – 97, raising over £ 200, 000.

Whereas many such settlements were abandoned in the early Middle Ages, Zutphen on its strategic confluence of IJssel and Berkel stayed.

Whereas the United States enjoys a long season that generally runs from March to November, other areas often have much shorter seasons.

Whereas some European national archives have tested deacidification techniques, the United States ’ National Archives and Records Administration ( NARA ), which pioneered an aqueous technique that improved upon Barrow ’ s, has chosen to invest its preservation dollars elsewhere.

Whereas only two percent of the country's mosques appeared in the United States before 1950, eighty-seven percent of American mosques were founded after 1970 and fifty percent of American mosques founded after 1980.

Whereas the TTAPS paper described a 3000 MT counterforce attack on ICBM sites, Michael Altfed of the Michigan State University and Political Scientist Stephen Cimbala of Pennsylvania State University maintained that with the trend towards smaller more accurate warheads in the United States and Soviet Nuclear Arsenals the same counterforce attack could be conducted with 1 / 1000th of that yield.

Whereas according to the 2010 United States Census Bureau:

Whereas according to the 2010 United States Census Bureau:

Whereas according to the 2010 United States Census Bureau:

Whereas Peruvian – U. S. relations early in Fujimori's presidency had been dominated by questions of coca eradication, Fujimori's autogolpe immediately became a major obstacle to international relations, as the United States immediately suspended all military and economic aid to Peru, with exceptions for counter-narcotic and humanitarian-related funds.

Whereas United States law sought to isolate banks from securities activities, the Second Directive represented the European Union ’ s conclusion that securities activities diversified bank risk, strengthening the earnings and stability of banks.

Whereas states in a federal system of government ( e. g., Canada, Federal Republic of Germany, Switzerland, Brazil and the United States of America ) have a guaranteed constitutional existence, a devolved home rule system of government is created by ordinary legislation and can be reformed, or even abolished, by repeal or amendment of that ordinary legislation.

Whereas home rule meant a constitutional movement towards a national All-Ireland parliament in part under Westminster, repeal meant the repeal of the 1801 Act of Union ( if need be, by physical force ) and the creation of an entirely independent Irish state, separated from the United Kingdom, with only a shared monarch joining them both.

:: Whereas the Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick have expressed their Desire to be federally united into One Dominion under the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with a Constitution similar in Principle to that of the United Kingdom [...]

Whereas the Montreal Protocol has severely restricted the use of bromomethane internationally, the United States has successfully lobbied for critical-use exemptions.

Whereas the traditional Punisher stories remained within the United States and involved antagonists and settings of conventional domestic crime, stories of the MAX Punisher often focus on current events, ranging from corporate fraud to sexual slavery and the War on Terror.

Whereas these poets were unambiguously aligned with high modernism, other poets active in the United States in the first third of the 20th century were not.

Whereas the Commons of the United Kingdom in Parliament assembled have resolved to authorise the use of resources and the issue of sums out of the Consolidated Fund towards making good the supply which they have granted to Her Majesty in this Session of Parliament :—

Whereas religious civil liberties, such as the right to hold or not to hold a religious belief, are essential for Freedom of Religion ( in the United States secured by the First Amendment ), religious discrimination occurs when someone is denied " the equal protection of the laws, equality of status under the law, equal treatment in the administration of justice, and equality of opportunity and access to employment, education, housing, public services and facilities, and public accommodation because of their exercise of their right to religious freedom.

Whereas the Star Trek universe usually depicts an optimistic future in which the Earth-based United Federation of Planets values peace and understanding, episodes set in the Mirror Universe show the galaxy to be marred by continual warfare, with compassion seen as a liability.

Whereas topographic maps are produced by the United States Geological Survey in conjunction with the states, geologic maps are usually produced by the individual states.

Whereas it appears from official reports that Dr. Mary E. Walker, a graduate of medicine, " has rendered valuable service to the Government, and her efforts have been earnest and untiring in a variety of ways ," and that she was assigned to duty and served as an assistant surgeon in charge of female prisoners at Louisville, Ky., upon the recommendation of Major-Generals Sherman and Thomas, and faithfully served as contract surgeon in the service of the United States, and has devoted herself with much patriotic zeal to the sick and wounded soldiers, both in the field and hospitals, to the detriment of her own health, and has also endured hardships as a prisoner of war four months in a Southern prison while acting as contract surgeon ; and Whereas by reason of her not being a commissioned officer in the military service, a brevet or honorary rank cannot, under existing laws, be conferred upon her ; and Whereas in the opinion of the President an honorable recognition of her services and sufferings should be made.