" Whereas a seaman who shipped on a naval vessel was paid a wage and provided with victuals, the mariner on a merchantman or privateer was paid with an agreed share of the takings.

Whereas the Dutch Republic was thus ill-prepared for a land campaign, the situation at sea was much more favourable, even though the States-General decided to limit the naval budget to 4, 776, 248 guilders ( down from an original projected budget of 7, 893, 992 guilders ) in order not to provoke the English.

Whereas just twenty years before a naval fleet might have six to seven fire ships, by the Battle of Solebay in 1672 both the Dutch and English fleets employed typically between 20 and 30 fire ships, and sometimes more.

Whereas common-channel signaling systems are out-of-band by definition, and in-band signaling systems are also necessarily channel-associated, the above metering pulse example demonstrates that there exist channel-associated signaling systems which are out-of-band.

Whereas the groupware or collaborative software pertains to the technological elements of computer supported cooperative work, collaborative work systems become a useful analytical tool to understand the behavioral and organizational variables that are associated to the broader concept of CSCW.

Whereas these cities are dense, with major downtown populations and significant rail and transit systems, much of Southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways.

Whereas most " simple " bus systems were easily supported with a handful of input / output chips designed to be used with that CPU in mind, with NuBus every card and computer had to convert everything in a platform-agnostic " NuBus world ".

Whereas the original Back Orifice was limited to the Windows 95 and Windows 98 operating systems, BO2k also supports Windows NT, Windows 2000 and Windows XP.

Whereas one could reasonably argue that " everything is a file " in these latter systems, you could easily claim that " everything is a GPIB-device " in the former.

Whereas an 8-inch Newtonian telescope would have been considered large 30 years ago, today 16-inch systems are common, and huge 32-inch systems not all that rare.

Whereas in the past the information came only from a radar, current systems get inputs from a variety of sources.

Whereas only 9 percent of eMachines desktops less than a year old needed repairs, according to readers, the rates of comparably new systems from Dell and Gateway needing repairs were 11 and 15 percent, respectively.

Whereas once the problems posed by big data were only found in the scientific community, today big data is a problem for many businesses that operate transactional systems online and, as a result, amass large volumes of data quickly.

Whereas before technologies such as NX and Automatic Route Setting required racks and racks of relays and other devices, solid state software based systems could handle such functions with less cost and physical footprint.

Whereas most software companies focused on professional users and business systems, Kersey founded the company with the intention of supporting the " hobbyist " users who had sprung up when affordable personal computers were made available to the general public.

Whereas activated sludge systems are generally based on microorganisms like bacteria, protozoa, nematodes, rotifers and fungi capable to degrade bio degradable organic matter.

Whereas tummo is generally described within the context of various Buddhist tantric systems, particularly the ' Mother tantras ' ( Wylie: ma rgyud ), and most widely taught within the Kagyu lineages, although a popular manual was written by Tsongkhapa, founder of the strictly monastic Gelug sect.

Whereas earlier Oberheim modular systems would require multiple S. E. M. s to achieve polyphony, the OB-X condensed the S. E. M.

Whereas in traditional societies such as feudalism governing is managed under the traditional leadership of, for example, a queen or tribal chief, modern societies operate under rational-legal systems.

Whereas others are based on rating systems ( such as LEED, BREEAM, ‘ Living Building Challenge ’, etc.

Whereas Firth considered systems to refer to possibilities subordinated to structure, Halliday in a certain sense ' liberated ' the dimension of choice from structure and made it the central organising dimension of this theory.

Whereas participants in hierarchical systems are subject to the panoptism of the select few who control the vast majority, in P2P systems, participants have access to holoptism, the ability for any participant to see the whole.

Whereas most systems indirectly encouraged users to simply " leech " files and then leave, users waiting for downloads on FirstClass had an entire modem channel free for uploading or writing.

Whereas Kern opened fire with a MP 18-submachine gun at close range, killing Rathenau almost instantly, Fischer threw a hand grenade into the car before Techow quickly drove them away.

Whereas before, the chimney was a vent for the smoke now it was needed to draw the fire and this required narrower flues.

" Whereas divers of the Justices of the Peace in the coutitie of Cambridge have certyfied us the lamentable accydent that bath fallen upon the inhabitantes of Gamlingay in the said countie, by casualltie of fire that happned on the 21St daie of Aprill last, whereby the moste parte of the said towne to the nomber of 76 houses with divers barnes and stackes of corne were suddainlie consumed.

Whereas lead wire was the traditional method of weighting flies, today's weighting materials include glass, brass and tungsten beads and cones as well as lead materials.

Whereas the original series kept talk to a minimum, asking contestants only their name, occupation and specialist subject, at first the new run included some conversational elements with contestants between rounds, although these have been dropped in the 2011 series.

Whereas in the main rounds of the show, the panellists ' use of buzzers is not usually enforced, the " General Ignorance " questions are introduced by Fry's reminder to keep " fingers on buzzers ".

Whereas traditional rounding always rounds up when the following digit is 5, bankers sometimes round down to eliminate this upwards bias.

Whereas digital computers require data to be encoded into binary digits ( bits ), quantum computation uses quantum properties to represent data and perform operations on these data.

Whereas, in the books, " Muggle " is consistently capitalised, in other uses it is often all lower case.

Whereas standard French uses the verbs " monter " and " descendre " to get in and out of an automobile, Québécois tend to use " embarquer " and " débarquer ", relics from their navigational heritage.

Whereas one liter of water is almost exactly 1 kg, one cubic meter of air is often taken as 1. 143 kg — much less accurate, but still close enough for many practical uses.

Whereas Global Diplomacy ( and its sequel Global Diplomacy 2 ) attempt to simulate a world war, on Earth during the era of New Imperialism, Age of Discovery uses a randomly created map and world.

Whereas a metaphor is the comparison of a real object or event with a seemingly unrelated subject in order to emphasize the similarities between the two, the ' pataphor uses the newly created metaphorical similarity as a reality with which to base itself.

Whereas a passive matrix display uses a simple conductive grid to deliver current to the liquid crystals in the target area, an active-matrix display uses a grid of transistors and capacitors with the ability to hold a charge for a limited period of time.

Whereas scat singing uses improvised nonsense syllables, such as " bap ba dee dot bwee dee " in solos, vocalese uses lyrics, either improvised or written and set to pre-existing instrumental solos, sometimes in the form of a tribute to the original instrumentalist.

Whereas Curaçao and Bonaire opted for a phonologically based spelling, Aruba uses an etymologically based spelling.

Whereas a First Edition player was constrained to using the same dilemmas in each game of a tournament, the Second Edition player has a side deck, or ' dilemma pile ' from which to draw a random selection of dilemmas based on the number of personnel the opponent uses in a given mission attempt.

Whereas the dictionary of Sammallahti / Xvorostuxina ( 1991 ) uses and ’ ( apostrophe ), Kuruč at al.

Whereas the Dataglove can detect yaw, pitch and roll, uses fiber optic sensors to detect finger flexure and has a resolution of 256 positions ( 8 bits ) per finger for four fingers ( the little finger is not measured to save money, for it usually follows the movement of the ring finger ), the Power Glove can only detect roll, and uses sensors coated with conductive ink yielding a resolution of four positions ( 2 bits ) per finger for four fingers.

) Whereas Paul acknowledged that the Law of Moses and its observance were good when used correctly (" the law is good, if one uses it lawfully ", ), the Epistle of Barnabas condemns most Jewish practices, claiming that Jews had grossly misunderstood and misapplied the Law of Moses.

Whereas the previous three works involved uilleann piper Liam O ' Flynn, this one uses a Scottish bagpipe band, who enter the auditorium from behind the audience.

Whereas with rational thought one uses logic to understand, one does the opposite with God ( see also Apophatic theology ).

Whereas probability theory uses a single number, the probability, to describe how likely an event is to occur, possibility theory uses two concepts, the possibility and the necessity of the event.

Whereas Plato condemned doxa ( beliefs and opinions ) as a starting point for achieving Truth, Aristotle uses the term endoxa ( commonly held beliefs accepted by the wise / by elder rhetors and / or by the public in general ) to acknowledge the beliefs of the city.

Whereas Etherlords I uses a strictly turn-based strategy map in the style of Heroes of Might and Magic, Etherlords II uses a more character-oriented adventure map in the style of Shandalar, the minigame that Microprose created for its computer translation of Magic: The Gathering.

Whereas Samaritan uses his energies sparingly and only to help, Infidel uses his constantly, not just for lightning-like attacks but to do simple tasks in his home.