Whereas science could be revised and developed through rational thought, magic was seen as less scientific and systematic than science and religion, making it the least respected of the three.

Whereas social work started on a more scientific footing aimed at controlling and reforming individuals ( at one stage supporting the notion that poverty was a disease ), it has in more recent times adopted a more critical and holistic approach to understanding and intervening in social problems.

Whereas Libertarian Extension can be thought of as flowing from a political reflection of the natural world, Ecologic Extension is best thought of as a scientific reflection of the natural world.

Whereas the Taoist philosophical paradigm had promoted scientific and mathematical investigation as a kind of mystical exploration of the workings of the universe, the Confucian paradigm focused far more on social philosophy and morality, which prompted a general lack of further research in mathematics and natural sciences.

Whereas Henchard is not well educated, Farfrae is intelligent and very well informed about the scientific and business aspects of the grain and corn industry.

Whereas once the problems posed by big data were only found in the scientific community, today big data is a problem for many businesses that operate transactional systems online and, as a result, amass large volumes of data quickly.

Whereas Kuhn's paradigm is an all-encompassing collection of beliefs and assumptions that result in the organization of scientific worldviews and practices, Foucault's episteme is not merely confined to science but to a wider range of discourse ( all of science itself would fall under the episteme of the epoch ).

Whereas the scientific section was intended to exhibit the expressive lines of the face and the " truth of the expression ," the aesthetic section was intended also to demonstrate that the " gesture and the pose together contribute to the expression ; the trunk and the limbs must be photographed with as much care as the face so as to form an harmonious whole.

Whereas the scientific realists countered that objective scientific knowledge exists, riposting that postmodernist critics almost knew nothing of the science they criticized.

Whereas the work of those following T. Kuhn has led to a sociology of scientific knowledge, the work of those following K. Popper pursue classical problems of methodology and epistemology.

Whereas VPLS as described in the above section ( OSI Layer 1 services ) supports emulation of both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint topologies, the method discussed here extends Layer 2 technologies such as 802. 1d and 802. 1q LAN trunking to run over transports such as Metro Ethernet.

Whereas the comparative method used shared identified innovations to determine sub-groups, lexicostatistics does not identify these.

Whereas a typical interface specifies functionality ( in the form of method declarations ) that an implementing class must support, a marker interface need not do so.

Whereas he accepted the classical Marxist analysis of society showing how one class exercises domination over another, he deviated from Marx in his failure to use dialectic as a method to propose ways to change.

Whereas the Frens method is ideal for particles of 12-20 nm, the hydroquinone method can produce particles of at least 30-250 nm.

Whereas lead wire was the traditional method of weighting flies, today's weighting materials include glass, brass and tungsten beads and cones as well as lead materials.

Whereas Gompers presumed that the great mass of workers would learn the value of solidarity through direct experience, Foster and his supporters favored a more top-down approach .... With amalgamation as its slogan, industrial unionism as its goal, and ' boring from within ' the established trade unions as its method, the TUEL promised to transform otherwise ' timid and muddled ' AFL affiliates into ' scientifically constructed, class conscious weapons in the revolutionary struggle.

Whereas Poncelet's proof relies on homothetic centers of circles and the power of a point theorem, Gergonne's method exploits the conjugate relation between lines and their poles in a circle.

Whereas a workstation is often targeted towards studio musicians and composers, grooveboxes are designed more to suit the needs of live performers.

' Whereas, if he is telling me the same thing … I will not waste time asking him questions because I am also creatively aware why he needs them.

" Whereas the " Sphere of Public Authority " dealt with the State, or realm of the police, and the ruling class, the public sphere crossed over both these realms and " Through the vehicle of public opinion it put the state in touch with the needs of society.

Whereas his armies can conquer his rivals, he needs the arts to exert spiritual and ideological control.

Whereas previously the Maentwrog power station had access to all of the water in the lake, the needs of the nuclear plant dictated that from then on, the hydro plant should only use the top 5 feet of water.

Whereas the anticipated trespasser needs to be protected from known manmade conditions capable of causing death or serious injury, the licensee must be warned of all known dangers.

* Whereas P2P aims at full participation, markets only fulfill the needs of those with purchasing power.

Whereas mechanisation provides human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements while increasing load capacity, speed, and repeatability.

Whereas in the past, the National and American leagues had separate administrative organizations ( which, for example, allowed for the introduction of different rules such as the designated hitter ), under Selig, Major League Baseball consolidated the administrative functions of both leagues into the Commissioner's Office in 2000.

Whereas up until this point the Dutch presence had been simply as traders, that was sometimes treaty-based, the Banda conquest marked the start of the first overt colonial rule in Indonesia albeit under the auspices of the VOC.

Whereas revolution is never legitimate under the divine right of kings, the philosophy associated with the Mandate of Heaven approved of the overthrow of unjust rulers.

Whereas the " normal " critical mass for plutonium is about 11. 8 kilograms, with antimatter catalyzed reactions this could be well under one gram.

Whereas in the comics, Krypton was colorful and bright, in Superman, the planet was envisioned as having stark white terrain of jagged frozen plateaus, stretching broadly under heavy, dark skies ( becoming redder as their sun grew toward becoming supernova ), prompting Jor-El to attempt to persuade the immediate evacuation of the entire planet to the council of elders, to avoid perishing in the cataclysm, to no avail.

Whereas most sources limit the term Oceanids or Oceanides to the daughters, others include both the sons and daughters under this term.

Whereas Nimoy had been under certain constraints in filming the previous picture, Paramount gave the director greater freedom for the sequel.

Whereas spousal support was considered a right under the fault-based system, it became conditional under the no-fault approach.

Whereas other ministers such as Malcolm Rifkind wished to imply that British euro membership was unlikely, Clarke fought successfully to maintain the possibility that Britain might join a single currency under a Conservative government, but conceded that such a move could only take place on the basis of a referendum.

Whereas home rule meant a constitutional movement towards a national All-Ireland parliament in part under Westminster, repeal meant the repeal of the 1801 Act of Union ( if need be, by physical force ) and the creation of an entirely independent Irish state, separated from the United Kingdom, with only a shared monarch joining them both.

Whereas Trials unicycles usually have longer cranks that are better for hopping, as the rider has better control of the rotation of the wheel, and can therefore keep the unicycle from slipping out from under him.

Whereas before, the benefit was pleaded before a trial to have the case transferred to an ecclesiastical court, under the new system the benefit of clergy was pleaded after conviction but before sentencing, and it did not nullify the conviction, but rather changed the sentence for first-time offenders from probable hanging to branding and up to a year's incarceration.

Whereas in 1980 only 2. 5 % of grants were related to public policy, by 1990, under the leadership of Mike Joyce ( formerly at the John M. Olin Foundation ) it was 60 %.

:: Whereas the Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick have expressed their Desire to be federally united into One Dominion under the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with a Constitution similar in Principle to that of the United Kingdom [...]

Whereas, the provisional government, under the virtual dictatorship of Brentano tended to administer the day-to-day affairs of the uprising on the Baden side of the Rhine River, Mieroslawski ran things under military jurisdiction on the Palatinate sid of the Rhine River.

:" Whereas the Emperor Augustus Caesar, in the month of Sextilis, was first admitted to the consulate, and thrice entered the city in triumph, and in the same month the legions, from the Janiculum, placed themselves under his auspices, and in the same month Egypt was brought under the authority of the Roman people, and in the same month an end was put to the civil wars ; and whereas for these reasons the said month is, and has been, most fortunate to this empire, it is hereby decreed by the senate that the said month shall be called Augustus.

Whereas in his Majesty's province of Massachuset's Bay, in New England, an attempt hath lately been made to throw off the authority of the parliament of Great Britain over the said province, and an actual and avowed resistance, by open force, to the execution of certain acts of parliament, hath been suffered to take place, uncontrouled and unpunished, ...: and whereas, in the present disordered state of the said province, it is of the utmost importance ... to the reestablishment of lawful authority throughout the same, that neither the magistrates acting in support of the laws, nor any of his Majesty's subjects aiding and assisting them therein, or in the suppression of riots and tumults, ... should be discouraged from the proper discharge of their duty, by an apprehension, that in case of their being questioned for any acts done therein, they may be liable to be brought to trial for the same before persons who do not acknowledge the validity of the laws, in the execution thereof, or the of the magistrate in support of whom, such acts had been done: in order therefore to remove every such discouragement from the minds of his Majesty's subjects, and to induce them, upon all proper occasions, to exert themselves in support of the public peace of the province, and of the authority of the King and Parliament of Great Britain over the same ; be it enacted ..., That if any inquisition or indictment shall be found, or if any appeal shall be sued or preferred against any person, for murther, or other capital offense, in the province of the Massachuset's Bay, and it shall appear, by information given upon oath to the governor ... of the said province, that the fact was committed by the person against whom such inquisition or indictment shall be found, or against whom such appeal shall be sued or preferred, as aforesaid, either in the execution of his duty as a magistrate, for the suppression of riots, or in the support of the laws of revenue, or in acting in his duty as an officer of revenue, or in acting under the direction and order of any magistrate, for the suppression of riots, or for the carrying into effect the laws of revenue, or in aiding and assisting in any of the cases aforesaid ; and if it shall also appear, to the satisfaction of the said governor ... that an indifferent trial cannot be had within the said province, in that case, it shall and may be lawful for the governor ..., to direct, with the advice and consent of the council, that the inquisition, indictment, or appeal, shall be tried in some other of his Majesty's colonies, or in Great Britain ; and for that purpose, to order the person against whom such inquisition or indictment shall be found, ... to be sent, under sufficient custody, to the place appointed for his trial, or to admit such person to bail, taking a recognizance ... from such person, with sufficient sureties, ... in such sums of money as the said governor ... shall deem reasonable, for the personal appearance of such person, if the trial shall be appointed to be had in any other colony, before the governor, ... of such colony ; and if the trial shall be appointed to be had in Great Britain, then before his Majesty's court of King's Bench, at a time to be mentioned in such recognizances ; and the governor, ... or court of King's Bench, where the trial is appointed to be had in Great Britain, upon the appearance of such person, according to such recognizance, or in custody, shall either commit such person, or admit him to bail until such trial ....

Whereas its derivative forms ( described below under the headings of Creeking, Slalom, Playboating and Squirt boating ) have evolved in response to the challenges posed by riverrunning such as pushing the levels of difficulty and / or competing within its environs, riverrunning, of its own right, is more about combining one's paddling abilities and knowledge of navigation with the movements and environments of rivers themselves.

Whereas Black voted with the majority under strict construction to uphold the state constitutional provision, Douglas and Abe Fortas dissented.