While Mao initially praised the play, in February 1965 he secretly commissioned his wife Jiang Qing and Shanghai propagandist Yao Wenyuan to publish an article criticizing it.

While Tibet has formally been a part of China since 1644 as part of the Qing Dynasty, from 1912 to 1950 Tibet was dissolved from China proper as a result of the 1911 Revolution and Japanese occupation during WW2.

While in prison, Jiang Qing was diagnosed with throat cancer, but she refused an operation.

While the Manchu ruling elite at the Beijing imperial court and posts of authority throughout China was increasingly sinicized, the Qing imperial government viewed the Manchu communities ( as well as those of various tribal people ) in Manchuria as a place where traditional Manchu virtues could be preserved, and as a reservoir of military manpower fully dedicated to the regime.

While there had been women writers in the late imperial period and the late Qing, they had been few in number.

While the New Army belonged to the Qing government, it had already been infiltrated by the then exiled Sun Yat-sen's anti-Qing allegiance.

While widely accepted, there is little supporting evidence — especially considering that the character 于 was not widely used during the Qing Dynasty ; on official documents, 於 ( yú ) is used.

While the late Ming Dynasty officials who compiled the information on the ethnic groups of Guizhou offered scanty details about them in their gazetteers ( perhaps due to their lack of contact with these peoples ), the later Qing Dynasty gazetteers often provided a much more comprehensive analysis.

While the Burmese defenses held in " the most disastrous frontier war the Qing dynasty had ever waged ", the Burmese were preoccupied with another impending invasion by the world's largest empire for years.

While the contemporaneous Muslim writers usually explained Yakub Beg's death by poisoning, and the suicide theory was apparently the accepted truth among the Qing generals of the time, modern historians, according to Kim Hodong, think that the natural death ( of a stroke ) is the most plausible explanation.

While most ruling dynasties in Chinese history were founded by native Chinese, there were also non-native or Conquest Dynasties established by non-Han Chinese people beyond the traditional border of China ( also known as China proper ), such as the Yuan founded by Mongols and the Qing founded by Manchus, who later conquered China and assumed the title of Emperor of China.

While they were returning via Beijing in 1704, Qing emperor Kangxi let them stay there for some years and later organized a ' khoshuu ' for them in a place called Sertei, and made Ravjir the governor.

While the rebel army's morale was unstable, the Qing forces launched an attack on Yuezhou ( 岳州 ; present-day Yueyang, Hunan province ) and captured it later, along with the rebels ' territories of Changde, Hengzhou and others.

While the Qing Dynasty historians, however, have argued that it should be 836.

While the examples are taken from the Qing Dynasty and therefore may have been influenced by the book ( which was written in the Ming Dynasty ), military officer tests ( which began in the Tang Dynasty ) have always involved lifting heavy stones of standardized weight and maneuvering them about, possibly contributing to the writer's decision to assign an unusual weight to Guan Yu's weapon.

While punishments for cross-border movement into northeast China by Han Chinese and Koreans by their respective governments ( the Qing and Joseon ) were on the books and Koreans apprehended in Gando were repatriated to Korea by Qing authorities, it is evident that these regulations did not deter people fleeing poor conditions, and they were able to make this claim in an attempt to escape relocation and punishment.

While not contradicting traditional Han Chinese theories of the emperor as universal ruler, the Qing did begin to make a distinction between areas of the world which they ruled and areas which they did not.

While the word " Qing " in Qing Dynasty means " pure " itself.

While in Ricci's days the Jesuits were not in a position to work directly with the emperor ( the reclusive Wanli Emperor ( r. 1572-1620 ) largely removed himself from the public life, and rarely gave audiences to anyone, even his own Grand Secretary ), the early Qing emperors-Shunzhi, and in particular Kangxi-were not below dealing directly with the Jesuits and using their services for the needs of the central government.

He managed to preserve his Muslim community with his diplomatic skill: While Zuo Zongtang pacified other areas by exiling the local Muslims ( with the policy of " washing off the Muslims " () approach that had been long advocated by some officials ), in Hezhou, the non-Muslim Han were the ones Zuo chose to relocate as a reward for Ma Zhanao and his Muslim troops helping Qing crush Muslim rebels.

While the Qing forces in Huiyuan successfully repelled the next attack of the rebels ( 12 December 1864 ), the rebellion kept spreading through the northern part of the province ( Dzungaria ), where the Kazakhs were glad to take revenge on the Kalmyks that used to rule the area in the past.

While Huang was a councilor to He Ruzhang, the Qing dynasty's first envoy to Japan in September 1880, he was ordered to compile a policy paper for the visiting Korean reformist Kim Hongjip with recommendations for Korea's foreign policy.

While the Manchus followed the governmental structure of the preceding Ming dynasty, their ethnic policy dictated that appointments were split between Manchu noblemen and Han Chinese officials who had passed the highest levels of the state examinations, and because of the small number of Manchus, this insured that a large fraction of them would be government officials.

While Spain was fighting in France, Portugal — which had been under personal union with Spain for 60 years — acclaimed John IV of Braganza as king in 1640, and the House of Braganza became the new dynasty of Portugal ( see Portuguese Restoration War, for further information ).

While the Commonwealth Sejm managed to thwart many of the plans of Sigismund ( and later of his son, Wladislaw ), the Vasa dynasty nonetheless succeeded in partially drawing the Commonwealth into the Thirty Years ' War.

While Władysław enjoyed the support of the Lesser Polish peasants, knights, and part of the clergy, who preferred a prince from the domestic Piast dynasty, he had to defer to Václav II of Bohemia, who had the support of the local lords.

While Manetho names Necherophes and the Turin King List names Nebka as the first ruler of the Third dynasty, many Egyptologists now believe Djoser was first king of this dynasty, pointing out that the order in which some predecessors of Khufu are mentioned in the Papyrus Westcar suggests Nebka should be placed between Djoser and Huni, not before Djoser.

While the Tuoba migrated south and established the State of Dai ( 310-376 ) and Northern Wei dynasty ( 386-534 ) the Shiwei remained in the north but eventually paid tribute to the Northern Wei ( for example the Wuluohu sub-tribe started paying tribute in 444 ).

While Ferdinand inaugurated the rule of the Navarrese Jiménez dynasty over western Spain, his rise to preeminence among the Christian rulers of the peninsula shifted the locus of power and culture westward after more than a century of Leonese decline.

While in Tokyo, he published his first two books, the translation Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee and a privately published book of erotic colored prints from the Ming dynasty.

While drafting the new constitution, lawyer and liberal congressman Joaquín Satrústegui ( 1909 – 1992 ) insisted that the phrase the legitimate heir of the historic dynasty be included in the text to underscore that the monarchy was an historic institution predating the constitution or the prior regime.

While contemporary English includes references to an array of prominent or influential families as dynasties, in much of the world, dynasty has been associated with monarchy and defined patrilineally.

While cults dedicated to various Taoist immortals date back to the Han dynasty, the popular and well known Eight Immortals first appeared in the Jin dynasty.

While the Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Jin, a Khitan chief Yelü Liuge ( 耶律留哥 ) revolted against the dynasty in Liaodong in 1211 and made contact with the Mongol Empire in the next year.

While this was designed to maintain Zhou authority as it expanded its rule over a larger amount of territory, many of these became major states when the dynasty weakened.

While there are no contemporary accounts of this struggle, certain circumstantial evidence may point to the existence of a civil war at the end of the 11th dynasty.

While it is true that the large tombs indicative of nomarchs disappear at the end of the twelfth dynasty, grand royal tombs also disappear soon thereafter due to general instability surrounding the decline of the Middle Kingdom.

In some texts the Pahlavas are synonymous with the Pallavas, a dynasty of Southern India: While the Vayu Purana distinguishes between Pahlava and Pahnava, the Vamana Purana and Matsya Purana refer to both as Pallava.

While the Drive's history was relatively brief, they had an inarguable importance in the history of Arena Football, with ArenaBowl trips every year of their existence, and creating the first dynasty in the Arena Football League.

While to Montreal it was the year of Expo, to Toronto it was the culmination of the Toronto Maple Leafs dynasty of the 1960s, with the team winning its fourth Stanley Cup in six years by defeating its arch-rival, the Montreal Canadiens, in the last all-Canadian Stanley Cup Final until 1986.

While Ramesses I was the founder of the 19th Dynasty, in reality his brief reign marked the transition between the reign of Horemheb who had stabilised Egypt in the late 18th dynasty and the rule of the powerful Pharaohs of this dynasty, in particular his son Seti I and grandson Ramesses II, who would bring Egypt up to new heights of imperial power.

While Chongzhen was not especially incompetent by the standards of the later Ming, he nevertheless sealed the fate of the Ming dynasty.