While spacetime can be viewed as a consequence of Albert Einstein's 1905 theory of special relativity, it was first explicitly proposed mathematically by one of his teachers, the mathematician Hermann Minkowski, in a 1908 essay building on and extending Einstein's work.

While he was at first successful in extending the power of Savoy, in 1282 he was opposed by a coalition of King Rudolph I, Charles of Anjou ( who was also count of Provence ), the dauphin, and the counts of Geneva.

While the surface of the town is undulating in the west, it is quite mountainous in the east, a part of the Petersburgh range extending through that section of the town.

While the town of Ridgefield is in itself relatively modest in size, the geographic area that is locally also called Ridgefield is quite a bit larger, extending from the Columbia River to its immediate west, the Lewis River to the north, several miles past Interstate 5 to the east, and south nearly to Vancouver, Washington, encompassing both the Clark County Fairgrounds and the Amphitheater at Clark County.

While the crack in the bell appears to end at the abbreviation " Philad < sup > a </ sup >" in the last line of the inscription, that is merely the 19th century widened crack which was filed out in the hopes of allowing the bell to continue to ring ; a hairline crack, extending through the bell to the inside continues generally right and gradually moving to the top of the bell, through the word " and " in " Pass and Stow ", then through the word " the " before the word " Assembly " in the second line of text, and through the letters " rty " in the word " Liberty " in the first line.

While debating the Treaty of Paris ( 1898 ) on the senate floor, Nelson said: " Providence has given the United States the duty of extending Christian civilization.

* While cantennas are useful for extending a wireless local area network ( WLAN ), the tiny design makes them ideal for mobile applications such as wardriving.

While some expansion proponents claim extending the main runway would bring in an estimated $ 138 million over the course of 13 years, doing so could consume 204 houses, at least ten businesses, and large areas of wetlands.

While difficulty extending the proximal interphalangeal joint may persist for months, it benefits from exercises to stretch the finger straighter.

While the initial version of DRM covers the broadcasting bands below 30 MHz, the DRM consortium voted in March 2005 to begin the process of extending the system to the VHF bands up to 108 MHz.

While there are thousands of deep pit cenotes throughout the Yucatán Peninsula including in the states of Yucatán and Campeche, the extensive sub-horizontal flooded cave networks for which the peninsula is known are essentially limited to a 10 km wide strip of the Caribbean coastline in the state of Quintana Roo extending south from Cancun to the Tulum Municipality and the Sian Ka ' an Biosphere Reserve, although some short segments of underwater cave have been explored on the north-west coast ( Yucatán State ).

While still serving his sentence, Khodorkovsky and business partner Platon Lebedev were further charged and found guilty of embezzlement and money laundering < font color ="# 777777 "> </ font > in December 2010, extending his prison sentence to 2017.

While the first brother extends his right arm, the other two are extending their left arms.

While the vast majority of proposed callings are unanimously sustained, disputants are invited to discuss their concerns privately with the leader extending the calling, who may then withdraw or extend the calling as proposed.

While Intel's 386 design peaked at 33 MHz, AMD released a 40 MHz version of both its 386DX and 386SX, extending the lifespan of the architecture.

While extending until that date a preliminary injunction which prevented collaboration of local distribution and national advertising sales by the two media conglomerates, U. S. District Judge Susan Illston on December 19, 2006 expressed doubt over the legality of the purchase.

While enjoying a spa in Bad Ems, Germany, in May 1876, the Tsar signed what would come to be called the " Ems Ukaz ", extending the publication ban to apply to all books and song lyrics in the " Little Russian dialect ", and to prohibit the importation of such materials.

While it lacked the strong defensive structures provided by the fort and castle at V Beach, it was mined, and had extensive barbed wire entanglements including one extending for the length of the shoreline and another entanglement just under the surface of the water offshore.

While not having begun any studies, New Jersey Transit is investigating the feasibility of extending HBLR from the 8th Street Station across the raised bridge.

While Nicholas II clung to his father's Russification policy and even extending it to Finland, he generally disliked the idea of systematic religious persecution, and was not wholly averse to the partial emancipation of the Russian Church from civil control.

While concealed human ovulation may have evolved in this fashion of extending estrus until it was no longer a distinct period, as paralleled in the bonobo, this hypothesis for why concealed ovulation evolved has frequently been rejected.

While the Swedish statesmen envisaged the creation of a Trans-Baltic dominion extending northwards to Archangelsk and eastwards to Vologda, De la Gardie and other Swedish soldiers, still holding Novgorod and Ingria, saw the war as a reaction for their forces not receiving payment for their succour during the De la Gardie Campaign.

While this has delighted the various Performing Arts groups in the community, they have become increasingly unpopular due to the $ 9. 6m cost of extending and strengthening the Town Hall, as well as the further $ 1m required to fit the extension out.

While the exact meaning of the word in this sense is subject to interpretation, " evening " in the rural American South usually has been thought of as beginning at about noon and extending roughly until sunset or suppertime.

While at the time the process was openly referred to as colonization (" takushoku " 拓殖 ), the notion was later reframed by Japanese elites to the currently common usage " kaitaku "( 開拓 ), which instead conveys a sense of opening up or reclamation of the Ainu lands.

While the perspective is compatible with Jamesian pragmatism ( above ), the notion of the transformation of embodied concepts through structural mapping makes a distinct contribution to the problem of concept formation.

While this notion was not entirely new, Simon is best known for its origination.

While Rousseau's notion of the progressive moral degeneration of mankind from the moment civil society established itself diverges markedly from Spinoza's claim that human nature is always and everywhere the same ... for both philosophers the pristine equality of the state of nature is our ultimate goal and criterion ... in shaping the " common good ", volonté générale, or Spinoza's mens una, which alone can ensure stability and political salvation.

While the broad focus of Sartre's life revolved around the notion of human freedom, he began a sustained intellectual participation in more public matters in 1945.

While Sapir never made a point of studying directly how languages affected the thought processes of their speakers, some notion of ( probably " weak ") linguistic relativity lay inherent in his basic understanding of language, and would be taken up by his student Benjamin Lee Whorf.

While civil law systems have traditionally put great pains in defining the notion of private property, how it may be acquired, transferred, or lost, socialist law systems provide for most property to be owned by the state or by agricultural co-operatives, and having special courts and laws for state enterprises.

While for piecewise smooth surfaces there is a unique natural notion of surface area, if a surface is very irregular, or rough, then it may not be possible to assign any area at all to it.

While real-world sound changes often admit exceptions ( for a variety of known reasons, and sometimes without one ), the expectation of their regularity or " exceptionlessness " is of great heuristic value, since it allows historical linguists to define the notion of regular correspondence ( see: comparative method ).

While Progressive Conservative Leader Joe Clark rebuffed the notion, the talks moved ahead and eventually in December 2003, the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative parties voted to rejoin into a new party called the Conservative Party of Canada.

" While the Germanic word thus reflects a mythological notion of a " domain of Man " ( compare Midgard ), presumably as opposed to the divine sphere on the one hand and the chthonic sphere of the underworld on the other, the Greco-Latin term expresses a notion of creation as an act of establishing order out of chaos.

While the notion of sending a balloon to another planet sounds strange at first, balloons have a number of advantages for planetary exploration.

While the above discussion has related to the convergence of a single series to a limiting value, the notion of the convergence of two series towards each other is also important, but this is easily handled by studying the sequence defined as either the difference or the ratio of the two series.

While this precise terminology —" by faith alone "— does not appear in English Bible translations other than in where it has been claimed that the author seems to reject the notion that a person is justified by God solely on account of faith, other Catholic authorities also used " alone " in their translation of Romans 3: 28 or exegesis of salvation by faith passages, and it is claimed to summarize the teaching of the New Testament, and especially the Pauline epistles such as, which systematically reject the proposition that justification before God is obtained due to the merit of one's obedience to the Law of Moses ( see also Biblical law in Christianity ), or Abraham's circumcision and works.

While a few folk metal groups like Tharaphita discard " any notion of utilising folk instrumentation " and " rely solely on traditional metal instruments ," bands in the genre generally rely on folk instruments that range from the common to the exotic.

While other parties ( Kach, Herut ) have advocated transfer, Moledet is the party most associated with this notion in Israel, due to its almost lack of any other element in its platform, and due to Ze ' evi's success in bringing together opposing elements ( in particular, both secular and religious ) under the transfer flag.

While the notion of needing to remove alien influences to reconstruct Latvian traditions was preserved into later times, the attempts to create an Olympus-like pantheon of pseudo-gods eventually stopped as national romanticism was replaced by realism and came to be criticized in the first half of 20th century.

While ruling out the notion of collective responsibility, he also sought forgiveness " In the name of those who believe that one cannot be proud of the glory of Polish history without feeling, at the same time, pain and shame for the evil done by Poles to others.

While science fiction and magical realism both bend the notion of what is real, toy with human imagination, and are forms of ( often fantastical ) fiction, they differ greatly.

While " Flagellata " has fallen from use as a taxon, the notion of using flagella as a phylogenetic criterion remains vigorous.

While above, the notion of catalyst is secondary insofar that only the set as

While a practical notion, Christmas letters meet with a mixed reception ; recipients may take it as boring minutiae, bragging, or a combination of the two, whereas other people appreciate Christmas letters as more personal than mass produced cards with a generic missive and an opportunity to " catch up " with the lives of family and friends who are rarely seen or communicated with.

While this looks like a polynomial with matrices as coefficients, we shall not consider such a notion ; it is just a way to write a matrix with polynomial entries as linear combination of constant matrices, and the coefficient has been written to the left of the matrix to stress this point of view.