While P2P systems were used in many application domains, the first P2P killer application was the file sharing system Napster, originally released in 1999.

While the most widely recognized form of spam is e-mail spam, the term is applied to similar abuses in other media: instant messaging spam, Usenet newsgroup spam, Web search engine spam, spam in blogs, wiki spam, online classified ads spam, mobile phone messaging spam, Internet forum spam, junk fax transmissions, social networking spam, social spam, television advertising and file sharing network spam.

While sharing some key features, Vietnamese culinary tradition differs from region to region.

While sharing an apartment with his cousin, he reportedly attended discos and beach parties, and his attendance at the mosque fell off.

While Yankee Stadium was being renovated, the Yankees played the 1974 and 1975 seasons in Shea Stadium, sharing the venue with the New York Mets.

While sharing separatist aims with Batasuna, Aralar has clearly refused political violence and ETA's assassinations and therefore remains a legal party.

While coterminous U. S. and conterminous U. S. have the same precise meaning as contiguous U. S. ( all three adjectives meaning " sharing a common boundary "), other terms commonly used to describe the 48 contiguous states have a greater degree of ambiguity.

While sharing in the history of northeast Wisconsin, Little Chute has been influenced by two unique factors: the rapids and portages along the Fox River and the coming of Dutch-Catholic settlers in 1848.

While larger companies like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its size, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between the company's makes.

While a variety of theories exist, most have come to the conclusion that there was sharing of culture and construction methods both directions.

While sharing a studio with Stella, Andre developed a series of wooden " cut " sculptures ( such as Radial Arm Saw cut sculpture, 1959, and Maple Spindle Exercise, 1959 ).

While he is often cited as the founder of the club, in the article he says he was attending their séances for the first time that evening and made clear that others were sharing a familiar experience with him.

While the format of the standard may have implementation trade-offs, the underlying goal of these standards is to make sharing of data easier.

While originally shared or sold as a bootleg video at conventions or outlets such as eBay, peer-to-peer file sharing networks have made the special more widely available to fans curious to see for themselves.

While sharing some similarities to the material known as China stone, found uniquely in southwestern England, they differ in mineralogy.

While the story behind Diwali and the manner of celebration varies from region to region ( festive fireworks, worship, lights, sharing of sweets ), the essence is the same – to rejoice in the Inner Light ( Atman ) or the underlying Reality of all things ( Brahman ).

While sharing the same core values of Captains Jean-Luc Picard and Kathryn Janeway, Sisko shows a tendency to compromise those values in extreme situations.

While sharing the Evangelical belief in Scripture as the sole instrument of salvation, and also like the Evangelicals being a Biblical literalist, he disagreed with the Evangelical party on the applicability of the Mosaic laws to Christians and generally favored a more intellectual approach to religion than most of the Evangelicals of his period.

While the arguments for the superiority of Christianity are still shown in this book, it also credits Judaism and Islam with sharing in the truth at least partially.

While in Israel, the narrator seeks out an impersonator who has appropriated his identity — sharing the same facial features and name as Philip Roth — and used this celebrity to spread " Diasporism ," a counter-Zionist ideology advocating the return of Israeli Jews to their European nations of exile.

While Shankly was employed as a miner, he played football as often as possible and sometimes went to Glasgow to watch either Celtic or Rangers, sharing his allegiance between the two and ignoring the sectarianism that " divided Glasgow in two ".

While this policy falls short of a complete fusion or merger, at least for now, this is likely to lead to more sharing of missions and less distinction between CRS and Gendarmes Mobiles in future.

While sharing an office at Brookhaven National Laboratory, in 1954, Chen Ning Yang and Mills proposed a tensor equation for what are now called Yang-Mills fields.

While early legal action by media companies forced ReplayTV to remove many features such as automatic commercial skip and the sharing of recordings over the Internet, newer devices have steadily regained these functions while adding complementary abilities, such as recording onto DVDs and programming and remote control facilities using PDAs, networked PCs, and Web browsers.

While he was heir-apparent — 1865 to 1881 — Alexander did not play a prominent part in public affairs, but allowed it to become known that he had ideas which did not coincide with the principles of the existing government.

While it is common for scholars to state that Alexander was the first to write a commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, it is not quite accurate.

While there was a ban on using Aristotle's works as teaching texts, theologians like Alexander continued to exploit his ideas in their theology.

While Alexander was waiting for his guests to arrive, he stood by a window, watching a group of boys at play on the seashore below the house.

While Alexander had been priming Athanasius to assume the bishopric after his death, it is said, he was not unanimously supported, and questions of his age ( the minimum age to become a bishop was thirty, and questions remain to this day whether he was yet that old ).

While his parents and older siblings left for England in April and May that year, Charles remained in Scotland, with his father's friend and the Lord President of the Court of Session, Alexander Seton, Lord Fyvie, appointed as his guardian.

While there he is said to have encountered a statue of Alexander the Great, and realized with dissatisfaction he was now at an age when Alexander had the world at his feet, while he had achieved comparatively little.

While László Polgár has been credited with being an excellent chess coach, the Polgárs had also employed professional chessplayers to train their daughters, including Hungarian champion IM Tibor Florian, Hungarian GM Pal Benko and Russian GM Alexander Chernin.

While at Winchester in 1070, William met with three papal legates – John Minutus, Peter, and Ermenfrid of Sion, who had been sent by Pope Alexander.

While unexceptional in the circumstances, this would appear to show that Alexander III had decided on remarriage.

While the Republicans were well organized at the state and local levels, the Federalists were disorganized, and suffered a bitter split between their two major leaders, President Adams and Alexander Hamilton.

While it was common knowledge that Jefferson was the candidate for president and Burr for vice-president, many Federalists were unwilling to support Jefferson, their partisan nemesis ( with one important exception, Alexander Hamilton ).

While living in New York, Richter directed two feature films, Dreams That Money Can Buy ( 1947 ) and 8 x 8: A Chess Sonata in 8 Movements ( 1957 ) in collaboration with Max Ernst, Jean Cocteau, Paul Bowles, Fernand Léger, Alexander Calder, Marcel Duchamp, and others, which was partially filmed on the lawn of his summer house in Southbury, Connecticut.

While the leaders of one of the two primary groups making up this movement, Thomas Campbell and Alexander Campbell, resisted what they saw as the spiritual manipulation of the camp meetings, the revivals contributed to the development of the other major branch, led by Barton W. Stone.

While this extreme would almost never occur in practice, in game 11 of their 1927 world championship match, José Raúl Capablanca and Alexander Alekhine each had two queens in play at once ( from move 65 through the end on move 66 ).

* While Alexander is fighting in Asia, Agis III of Sparta, profiting from the Macedonian king's absence from Greece, leads some of the Greek cities in a revolt.

* While at Susa, Alexander holds a feast to celebrate his capture of the Persian Empire.

While still in the north of England, Queen Margaret learned of the death of her son, Alexander.

* While the previous year's intervention by the Macedonians in Thessaly is successful, after the Macedonian troops withdraw, Alexander of Pherae treats his subjects as cruelly as before.

While sources from antiquity agree that Alexander was confronted with the challenge of the knot, the means by which he solved the problem are disputed.

While there he learns that Antonia had already written to Alexander about the divorce-leaving Alexander quite shaken.

While his collaborators include famous or notable figures such as Alexander Calder, Frank Stella, Lin Utzon, Victor Vasarely, Norman Carlberg ( a fellow but later student of Josef Albers ), and many others, by far the most important of the collaborators was his mentor Albers.