While P2P systems were used in many application domains, the first P2P killer application was the file sharing system Napster, originally released in 1999.

While the most widely recognized form of spam is e-mail spam, the term is applied to similar abuses in other media: instant messaging spam, Usenet newsgroup spam, Web search engine spam, spam in blogs, wiki spam, online classified ads spam, mobile phone messaging spam, Internet forum spam, junk fax transmissions, social networking spam, social spam, television advertising and file sharing network spam.

While sharing some key features, Vietnamese culinary tradition differs from region to region.

While sharing an apartment with his cousin, he reportedly attended discos and beach parties, and his attendance at the mosque fell off.

While Yankee Stadium was being renovated, the Yankees played the 1974 and 1975 seasons in Shea Stadium, sharing the venue with the New York Mets.

While sharing separatist aims with Batasuna, Aralar has clearly refused political violence and ETA's assassinations and therefore remains a legal party.

While coterminous U. S. and conterminous U. S. have the same precise meaning as contiguous U. S. ( all three adjectives meaning " sharing a common boundary "), other terms commonly used to describe the 48 contiguous states have a greater degree of ambiguity.

While sharing Alexander Lukin's body, he lost his superhuman abilities.

While sharing in the history of northeast Wisconsin, Little Chute has been influenced by two unique factors: the rapids and portages along the Fox River and the coming of Dutch-Catholic settlers in 1848.

While larger companies like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its size, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between the company's makes.

While a variety of theories exist, most have come to the conclusion that there was sharing of culture and construction methods both directions.

While sharing a studio with Stella, Andre developed a series of wooden " cut " sculptures ( such as Radial Arm Saw cut sculpture, 1959, and Maple Spindle Exercise, 1959 ).

While he is often cited as the founder of the club, in the article he says he was attending their séances for the first time that evening and made clear that others were sharing a familiar experience with him.

While the format of the standard may have implementation trade-offs, the underlying goal of these standards is to make sharing of data easier.

While originally shared or sold as a bootleg video at conventions or outlets such as eBay, peer-to-peer file sharing networks have made the special more widely available to fans curious to see for themselves.

While sharing some similarities to the material known as China stone, found uniquely in southwestern England, they differ in mineralogy.

While the story behind Diwali and the manner of celebration varies from region to region ( festive fireworks, worship, lights, sharing of sweets ), the essence is the same – to rejoice in the Inner Light ( Atman ) or the underlying Reality of all things ( Brahman ).

While sharing the same core values of Captains Jean-Luc Picard and Kathryn Janeway, Sisko shows a tendency to compromise those values in extreme situations.

While the arguments for the superiority of Christianity are still shown in this book, it also credits Judaism and Islam with sharing in the truth at least partially.

While in Israel, the narrator seeks out an impersonator who has appropriated his identity — sharing the same facial features and name as Philip Roth — and used this celebrity to spread " Diasporism ," a counter-Zionist ideology advocating the return of Israeli Jews to their European nations of exile.

While Shankly was employed as a miner, he played football as often as possible and sometimes went to Glasgow to watch either Celtic or Rangers, sharing his allegiance between the two and ignoring the sectarianism that " divided Glasgow in two ".

While this policy falls short of a complete fusion or merger, at least for now, this is likely to lead to more sharing of missions and less distinction between CRS and Gendarmes Mobiles in future.

While sharing an office at Brookhaven National Laboratory, in 1954, Chen Ning Yang and Mills proposed a tensor equation for what are now called Yang-Mills fields.

While early legal action by media companies forced ReplayTV to remove many features such as automatic commercial skip and the sharing of recordings over the Internet, newer devices have steadily regained these functions while adding complementary abilities, such as recording onto DVDs and programming and remote control facilities using PDAs, networked PCs, and Web browsers.

In The Encylopedia of Protestantism, JG Melton writes: " While often associated with Evangelical Christianity, the again phenomenon is common across the entire spectrum of Protestant churches.

While Hitler, the consummate politician, was sensitive to such developments, Ludwig Müller was apparently without clue: he fired and transferred pastors adhering to the Emergency League, and in April 1934 actually deposed the heads of the Württembergian church ( Bishop Theophil Wurm ) and of the Bavarian church ( Bishop Hans Meiser ); for they and the synodals of their church bodies continuously refused to declare the merger of their church bodies in the German Evangelical Church ( DEK ).

While not a best seller, the book was critically acclaimed by a number of important Evangelical leaders.

While the term " Confessional Lutheran " is generally used among the more conservative churches found in groupings such as the International Lutheran Council and the Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference, churches of the larger Lutheran World Federation subscribe to the Book of Concord as an exposition of faith, in so far as ( quatenus ) it agrees with the Bible.

While Roman Catholic may make up the largest representation, the school has a considerable number of Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, Evangelical Christians, Jews, Protestants, Orthodox and Atheists.

) While living in St. Louis, he was a member and leader in Evangelical United Church of Christ in Webster Groves, Missouri, and taught at Eden Theological Seminary from 1919 to 1924 and from 1927 to 1931.

While the ULC is a relatively new denomination, it traces its roots to early Lutheranism in the 16th century, and more recently, to the Ukrainian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession which was persecuted and eventually destroyed by the Soviet government and KGB in 1939.

While the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America was never directly replaced, several organizations were later formed that claim to follow in the spirit of the original Synodical Conference.

While it is in its twenty-seventh printing and widely used by the ELCA and the ELCIC, the LBW was replaced in October 2006 as the primary worship resource in the two denominations by Evangelical Lutheran Worship.

While in Germany the Templers were regarded sectarians, the Evangelical proselytes gained major financial and mental support from German Lutheran and united church bodies.

While most of the students were from the US, there were also Malagasy, Canadian and Norwegian students who went to this school, which from the 1960s to the end of the 1970s averaged 50 to 60 students per year in grades 1-12. Notable alumni include Dr. Carl Braaten, a noted Lutheran Theologian and co-founder of the Center for Catholic and Evangelical Theology and the theological journal Pro Ecclesia, Arndt Braaten, a pastor and professor at Luther College, David Brancaccio of the PBS NOW program, Dr. Peter Dyrud, Minneapolis Cardiologist, Dr. Pier Larson, Professor of African History, Johns Hopkins and Dr. Stan Quanbeck, medical missionary to Madagascar for 40 years.

While in England he gradually went over ( 1855 ) to the Evangelical church, and became head and organizer of the Italian Protestants in London.

While the Lutheran Evangelical State Church in Württemberg condemned and fought the Templers as apostates, the Prussian position was somewhat milder.

While a priest, he converted to the Evangelical Lutheran faith and announced it publicly on Trinity Sunday, 1553, and as a result he was forced to leave the town.

While Guatemala was under a brutal military regime the North American Protestant Evangelical churches were allowed to enter into any community.

While originally there was a very strong opposition to the establishment of the churches, because of missionaries and the creation of the Evangelical Church of Papua, in 2003 over 90 % of the 25, 000 Gogodala claimed to be Christian.

While it is easy enough to ridicule Hawkins' pronouncement in Pleas Of The Crown from a metaphysical point of view, the concept of the `` oneness '' of a married couple may reflect an abiding belief that the communion between husband and wife is such that their actions are not always to be regarded by the criminal law as if there were no marriage.

While these plants are not sold anywhere for culinary use, their visual similarity to bay leaves has led to the oft-repeated belief that bay leaves should be removed from food after cooking because they are poisonous.

While not rigorous, the empirical evidence to date supports this belief ".

While he has seen one, and the perception he based his belief that the one he saw was of a real barn, all the other barn-like buildings he saw were façades.

While faith in Buddhism does not imply " blind faith ", Buddhist faith nevertheless requires a degree of faith and belief, primarily in the spiritual attainment of Gautama Buddha.

While there are a wide variety of Conservative views, a common belief is that Halakha is, and has always been, an evolving process subject to interpretation by rabbis in every time period.

While the observance of these statutes would have and do lead to several health benefits, Jewish belief commands that these rituals and prohibitions be kept purely to fulfill the will of God with no ulterior motive.

While he was sick with a fever, he professed his full belief in Christ and asked God to take control of his destiny.

While the Jewish Messiah is considered to be one of the things that precede creation, he is not considered to be divine nor is he considered to be Jesus, in sharp contrast to Christian belief.

While many historians accept this belief doubt remains.

While tying it to one fixed date would serve to underline the belief that Easter commemorates an actual historical event, without an accompanying calendar reform it would also break the tradition of Easter always being on a Sunday, established since the 2nd century AD and by now deeply embedded in the liturgical practice and theological understanding of almost all Christian denominations.

While there is a large body of theology noting the many Scriptural supports for transubstantiation, in general, Orthodox and Catholics consider it unnecessary to " prove " from texts of Scripture a belief that they see as held by Christians without interruption from the earliest, apostolic times.

While it is a popular belief that it is illegal to pick the common Trillium grandiflorum ( white trillium ) in Ontario, in reality they are only protected in provincial parks and land owned by conservation authorities.

" While expressing its belief in the individual responsibility of citizens and corporations, the party maintains that government plays a " vital role " in establishing and maintaining the highest level of decency in America's community standards.

“ Pre-marital, extra-marital and same-sex relationships are all forbidden in Islam .” While most members of these groups don ’ t adhere to the strict nature of their religious organization ’ s belief on cohabitation, the pressure from other members of the group or religious authorities lead to a drop in cohabitation.

While he believes that there will be no more evil in the hereafter, it is arguable that this does not preclude a belief that God might justly damn sinners for eternity.

While statistically speaking Jew suffered much more at the hands of the Nazis, Ellie Weisel ’ s belief that “ a focus on other victims may detract from the Judaic specificity of the Holocaust ” fosters a misrepresentation of history and devalues the suffering of other victims of Nazi atrocities.

While in many cases a story is cut off with the hero in danger of losing his life or another kind of deep trouble, in some parts of the full text Scheherazade stops her narration in the middle of an exposition of abstract philosophical principles or complex points of Islamic philosophy, and in one case during a detailed description of human anatomy according to Galen — and in all these cases turns out to be justified in her belief that the king's curiosity about the sequel would buy her another day of life.

" While all the music is Shaker song performed in a largely traditional manner, the dance intermingles only certain elements of Shaker practice and belief with Saarinen's original choreographic ideas, and with distinctive costumes and lighting.

While both fuzzy logic and probability theory can be used to represent subjective belief, fuzzy set theory uses the concept of fuzzy set membership ( i. e., how much a variable is in a set ), and probability theory uses the concept of subjective probability ( i. e., how probable do I think that a variable is in a set ).

While this belief seems paradoxical at first glance, it in fact allowed Socrates to discover his own errors where others might assume they were correct.

While promoting Stargate in Europe, Emmerich came up with the idea for the film when fielding a question about his own belief in the existence of alien life.

While this accurately reflects the popular belief and perception in the geographic community towards environmental determinism, the debate was overlaid with hues of gray.

While popular belief long held that Detour was shot for about $ 20, 000, Noah Isenberg, in doing research for his book on the film, discovered that the film's actual cost was upwards of $ 100, 000.

While there is a widespread belief in the maraboutic system in Sengeal and a strong commitment to it, it is not necessarily accompanied by an absolute attachment to any one living marabout.