While it is tempting to attribute this major decline solely to Mongol ferocity, scholars today have mixed sentiments regarding this subject.

* 1276 – While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song Dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for the young prince Zhao Shi, making him Emperor Duanzong of Song.

While exploiting Slavic weakness in the wake of the Mongol invasion, Gediminas wisely avoided war with the Golden Horde, a great regional power at the time, while expanding Lithuania's border towards the Black Sea.

* August 11 – While conducting a siege against the Song Dynasty city known as Fishing Town in the province of Chongqing, China, the Mongol Khagan, Mongke Khan, dies in the nearby hills.

While there can be no doubt that in the mid-13th century at the court of Batu the Mongolian language was in general use, few Mongol texts written in the territory of the Golden Horde have survived, perhaps because of the prevalent general illiteracy.

While the Mongol light cavalry attacked from the flanks and the heavy cavalry attacked from the front, Mongol archers peppered the Polish forces with arrows.

While some scholars believe that the Hazara originally spoke a Mongolic language during the time of the Mongol king Babur, who came to Afghanistan in the 16th century, many well established scholars like Bacon and Schumann believe that the original language of Hazaras was Dari Persian from the beginning.

While the Golden Horde lost its power in Russia in 1480, the Mongol raids on Chinese borderlands under Ming Dynasty became virtually constant.

While in Shanghai, she met Japanese military attaché and intelligence officer Ryukichi Tanaka, who utilized her contacts with the Manchu and Mongol nobility to expand his network.

While the Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Jin, a Khitan chief Yelü Liuge ( 耶律留哥 ) revolted against the dynasty in Liaodong in 1211 and made contact with the Mongol Empire in the next year.

While Mukhali of the Mongol Empire invaded Northern China, Puxian Wannu rebelled against Jin and founded the Dazhen ( 大眞 ) kingdom in Dongjing ( Liaoyang ) in 1215.

While the intimate associations between the two groups were manifested in the cross references of the Mongols as " Mengwu Shiwei " ( or " Mongol Xianbei ") from the first century and the Monguor as " Chaghan ( or White ) Monguor " in the thirteenth century, ethnically and culturally they remained different.

While this did not immediately lead to a massive conversion of Mongols to Buddhism ( this would only happen in the 1630s ), it did lead to the widespread use of Buddhist ideology for the legitimation of power among the Mongol nobility.

While many rulers of East Asia ( including in China, Vietnam, Korea and Japan ) took regnal names based on Chinese characters, some monarchs of Xu, Xiongnu, Tuyuhun Kingdom, Rouran Khaganate, Göktürks, Uyghur Khaganate and Mongol took Chinese transliterated non-Chinese regnal names.

While the Mongol Empire was long past its zenith, this was nonetheless a frightening prospect and the Dalai Lama sought the first possible moment of Mongol distraction to take control of the Jonangpa monasteries.

While in Asia, a new empire was being created under the Iron Fist of the Khans, these Mongol descendants gave themselves a name meant to conjure up an association with a glorious former age: the Eurasian Dynasty ( ED ).

While nominally Islamic, the customs and religious practices of the Lipka Tatars also accommodated many Christian elements adopted during their 600 years residence in Belarus, Poland, Ukraine and Lithuania while still maintaining the traditions and superstitions from their nomadic Mongol past, such as the sacrifice of bulls in their mosques during the main religious festivals.

While many Slavs fled the Mongol invasion northward, to Beloozero and Bjarmaland, the displaced Bjarmians sought refuge in Norway, where they were given land in Malangen, by Haakon IV of Norway, in 1240.

While the Hūlun people were mostly of Jurchen origin, they had been heavily influenced by the Mongol language and culture, and intermarried with the neighboring Khorchin and Kharchin Mongols.

While some scholars attribute these practices to al-Rifa ' i, other scholars contend he was unaware of these practices and that these were introduced after the Mongol invasion.

While the king kept himself apprised of the situation in the rest of the country, he made numerous attempts to contact other rulers of Europe, including the Pope, the Holy Roman Emperor, and the King of France, but none seemed interested, and all seemed to have the same profound misunderstanding of the threat posed by the Mongol armies, which were by this time within a week's ride of the borders of France.

While there, they presented tribute to Temur and were involved in cultural exchanges across Mongol Eurasia.

While most of the Xianbei went south and westward to establish different empires, they remained behind in Manchuria until subjugated by the Jurchens who moved southward from the Tungus Plains in Eastern Russia.

While the Tuoba migrated south and established the State of Dai ( 310-376 ) and Northern Wei dynasty ( 386-534 ) the Shiwei remained in the north but eventually paid tribute to the Northern Wei ( for example the Wuluohu sub-tribe started paying tribute in 444 ).

" While it is tempting to characterize the trial of Wang Shiwei as an illustration of the fate awaiting free-thinking intellectuals in a repressive state, it is clear from the questions raised in the first session that the Wang Shiwei trial epitomizes the difficulty of voicing a minority opinion, especially when that opinion is pitted against a more powerful entity such as the state.

While he had earlier received the submission of Wang's family members — including Wang's brother Wang Shiwei ( 王世偉 ) and sons Wang Xuanying ( 王玄應 ), Wang Xuanshu ( 王玄恕 ), and Wang Xuanqiong ( 王玄瓊 ) -- he did not take particular use of them, but only detained them at the city of Yanshi ( 偃師, in modern Luoyang ) with hopes to use them in the future to get Wang Shichong to surrender.

While at one time the BVI was well regarded as a good domicile for captive insurance services, this changed beginning in recent years with the change of insurance regulators in 2007 and the government's increasing pressure to hire only locals (" belongers ") in the insurance industry.

While the Persians were contesting each other in Iran, the 25-year-old Ahmad Khan was busy in Afghanistan calling for a loya jirga (" grand assembly ") to select a leader among his people.

While it is possible that the name " Dresden " derived from Dresden in Germany, it is more likely derived directly from the old Sorbian word drezg (" forest ") or Drezd ' ane, for an inhabitant of a forest.

While constructed languages (" conlangs ") are viewed as creations with copyright protection, natural languages are not protected, excluding dictionaries and / or other works created with them.

While Babylonian number theory — or what survives of Babylonian mathematics that can be called thus — consists of this single, striking fragment, Babylonian algebra ( in the secondary-school sense of " algebra ") was exceptionally well developed.

While on Sado, he won many devoted converts and wrote two of his most important doctrinal treatises, the Kaimoku Shō ( 開目抄: " On the Opening of the Eyes " ) and the Kanjin no Honzon Shō ( 観心本尊抄: " The Object of Devotion for Observing the Mind ") as well as numerous letters and minor treatises whose content containing critical components of his teaching.

While Sapir never made a point of studying directly how languages affected the thought processes of their speakers, some notion of ( probably " weak ") linguistic relativity lay inherent in his basic understanding of language, and would be taken up by his student Benjamin Lee Whorf.

While the family resided in Baton Rouge, Soderbergh's mother appeared regularly on a local ABC-affiliate's ( WBRZ-TV / broadcast channel 2 ) early-morning show (" 2une In ") as a " call-in " psychic, and taught adult-education and " alternative education " classes in " parapsychology " at LSU.

While Shaitan ( شيطان, from the root ) is an adjective ( meaning " astray " or " distant ", sometimes translated as " devil ") that can be applied to both man (" al-ins ", الإنس ) and Jinn, Iblis () is the personal name of the Devil who is mentioned in the Qur ' anic account of Genesis.

While he was with the Central Pool of Artists ( a group he described as composed " of bomb-happy squaddies ") he began to write parodies of their mainstream plays, that displayed many of the key elements of what would later become The Goon Show ( originally called Crazy People ) with Peter Sellers, Harry Secombe and Michael Bentine.

While new technologies have eliminated the need for transformers in some electronic circuits, transformers are still found in nearly all electronic devices designed for household (" mains ") voltage.

While living there, he founded the town of Yaroslavl ( literally, " Yaroslav's ") on the Volga.

While there was no prohibition against premarital sex, children resulting from such liaisons were considered fatherless (" orphans ") and therefore could not inherit property.

While the Catholic Church had taught that abortion and contraception were gravely sinful actions (" mortal sins ") for a long period ; not all mortal sins demanded the additional penalty of excommunication.

While it is hardly surprising that a writer reuses some of his own inventions now and then, it is noteworthy that the themes of Carroll's poems (" Jabberwocky ", " The Mouse's Tale ", " The Pig-Tale ", " The Mad Gardener's Song ") run through all of his major works like, to borrow Gardner's expression, " demented fugues ".

While several characters have asserted that transporters cannot transport through a ship's shields or planetary defense shields, there are instances of this " rule " being broken through a technobabble solution ( TNG: " The Wounded ", DS9: " Trials and Tribble-ations ") or disregarded by the show's writers ( VOY: " Caretaker ").

While those on whom the Spirit had descended were speaking in tongues, the Apostle Peter stood up with the eleven and proclaimed to the crowd that this event was the fulfillment of the prophecy (" I will pour out my spirit ") In Acts 2: 17, it reads: "' And in the last days ,' God says, ' I will pour out my spirit upon every sort of flesh, and your sons and your daughters will prophesy and your young men will see visions and your old men will dream dreams.

While in English, such classifiers are usually absent (" four chairs ") or optional (" two bottles of beer " or " two beers "), a classifier is almost always used in Thai ( hence " chair four item " and " beer two bottle ").

While very few women with Turner Syndrome menstruate spontaneously, estrogen therapy requires a regular shedding of the uterine lining (" withdrawal bleeding ") to prevent its overgrowth.

While Bayreuth was previously ( 1199 ) referred to as a villa ( village ), the term civitas (" town ") appeared for the first time in a document published in 1231.

While some Haredi ( including Hasidic ) yeshivas ( also known as " Talmudical / Rabbinical schools or academies ") do grant official semicha (" ordination ") to many students wishing to become rabbis, most of the students within the yeshivas engage in learning Torah or Talmud without the goal of becoming rabbis or holding any official positions.

While most of the Romance languages put the article before the noun, Romanian has its own way, by putting the article after the noun, e. g. lupul (" the wolf ") and omul (" the man " – from lupum illum and * homo illum ), possibly a result of its membership in the Balkan sprachbund.

While beginners sometimes assume that the dealer ( sometimes called the " Chairman ", the " Mao " or the " Grand Master ") and other experienced players are simply making up possibly inconsistent rules ( as in the game Mornington Crescent ), the rules of Mao are consistent within each game and can be followed correctly.

While a nuclear penetrator ( the " Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator ", or " RNEP ") was never built, the U. S. DOE was allotted budget to develop it, and tests were conducted by the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory.