While it had long been known in general, that `` the public is always wrong '', the use of odd-lot indices now puts the adage on a statistical basis.

While there is not a large body of academic work examining the relationship, Hironaka's statistical study found a correlation that suggests that every major international anti-secessionist declaration increased the number of ongoing civil wars by + 10 %, or a total + 114 % from 1945 to 1997.

While a unit is often the lowest level at which observations are made, in some cases, a unit can be further decomposed as a statistical assembly.

While the prefectures of Tokyo, Chiba, Kanagawa, and Saitama are commonly included in statistical information, the Japan Statistics Bureau only includes the area within 50 kilometers of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Offices in Shinjuku, thus arriving at a smaller population estimate.

While the AFL was played in cities like Los Angeles, New York City, Philadelphia, Dallas, and Chicago, the AF2 fielded teams in cities which are part of metropolitan statistical areas ranging in size from Milwaukee ( with 1, 739, 497 residents ) to Albany, Georgia ( with 164, 000 residents ).

While working under Gen. Douglas MacArthur as a census consultant to the Japanese government, he famously taught statistical process control methods to Japanese business leaders, returning to Japan for many years to consult and witness the economic growth he had predicted would come as a result of the application of techniques learned from Walter Shewhart at Bell Laboratories.

While conceding that " n statistical terms, the majority of the inspections of facilities and sites under the ongoing monitoring system were carried out with Iraq's cooperation ," his letter listed a number of instances where unspecificed " undeclared dual-capable items " had been discovered, and where inspections had been held up so that buildings could be cleared of sensitive material.

While it focuses on the perspective of condensed matter physics, polymer physics is originally a branch of statistical physics.

While only the latter study recovered monophyly of the Cypselomorphae ( see below ) within Metaves, the former was based on only a single locus and could not resolve their relationships according to standard criteria of statistical confidence.

While this system generally uses delay as the basis for its measurements, the particular measurements and statistical methods vary depending on the facility being described.

While the second law of thermodynamics predicts that the entropy of an isolated system should tend to increase until it reaches equilibrium, it became apparent after the discovery of statistical mechanics that the second law is only a statistical one, suggesting that there should always be some nonzero probability that the entropy of an isolated system might spontaneously decrease ; the fluctuation theorem precisely quantifies this probability.

While Peirce was making advances in experimental psychology and psychophysics, he was also developing a theory of statistical inference, which was published in " Illustrations of the Logic of Science " ( 1877 – 78 ) and " A Theory of Probable Inference " ( 1883 ); both publications that emphasized the importance of randomization-based inference in statistics.

While the existence of g as a statistical regularity is well-established and uncontroversial, there is no consensus as to what causes the positive correlations between tests.

While parapsychology leans more towards traditional scientific epistemology ( laboratory experiments, statistics, research on cognitive states ), transpersonal psychology tends to be more closely related to the epistemology of the humanities and the hermeneutic disciplines ( humanism, existentialism, phenomenology, anthropology ), although it has always included contributions involving experimental and statistical research.

While the inclusion of a covariate into an ANOVA generally increases statistical power by accounting for some of the variance in the dependent variable and thus increasing the ratio of variance explained by the independent variables, adding a covariate into ANOVA also reduces the degrees of freedom.

While Dr. Shewhart drew from pure mathematical statistical theories, he understood data from physical processes typically produce a " normal distribution curve " ( a Gaussian distribution, also commonly referred to as a " bell curve ").

While others have done statistical Bayesian filtering based upon the frequency of single word occurrences in email, CRM114 achieves a higher rate of spam recognition through creating hits based upon phrases up to five words in length.

While the number of ' 1 ' bits alone is not nearly enough information to make finding the key trivially easy, repeated executions with the same key and different inputs can be used to perform statistical correlation analysis of timing information to recover the key completely, even by a passive attacker.

While his theological works are forgotten, his side-interest in statistics ( and the then-very fashionable view that statistical predictability of social behavior left no space for ethics or God ), and discussions with the then-very deterministically-minded great economist Adolph Wagner let him write a very important work, the Moralstatistik (" Moral Statistics "), in 1868.

While MFT arose primarily in the field of statistical mechanics, it has more recently been applied elsewhere, for example in inference, graphical models theory and artificial intelligence.

While Shewhart drew from pure mathematical statistical theories, he understood that data from physical processes seldom produced a " normal distribution curve "; that is, a Gaussian distribution or " bell curve ".

While the TIGER database itself models linear features and political and statistical geography, it is also linked topologically to the Census Bureau's Master Address File ( MAF ).

While many statistical software packages can perform various types of nonparametric and robust regression, these methods are less standardized ; different software packages implement different methods, and a method with a given name may be implemented differently in different packages.

While the two are heading a caravan from Salalah, Oman, they cross the border into Yemen and find the unexplored desert area that the Necronomicon calls " Roba el Ehaliyeh " or " Roba el Khaliyeh " — presumably a reference to the Empty Quarter or " Rub al Khali ".

While a flood will kill most plants living low on the ground in a certain area, if there is rice there, it will thrive in the wet conditions.

While there is an official locality named Akibahara, which is also 秋葉原 in kanji, nearby ( as part of Taitō-ku ), the area known to most people as Akihabara ( including the railway station of the same name ) also include Soto-Kanda, a part of Chiyoda-ku.

While some have theorized that unusual local magnetic anomalies may exist in the area, such anomalies have not been found.

While the Cape Breton Regional Municipality is in transition from an industrial to a service-based economy, the rest of Cape Breton Island outside of the industrial area surrounding Sydney-Glace Bay has been more stable, with a mixture of fishing, forestry, small-scale agriculture, and tourism.

While there is no prohibition in the area of the didgeridoo's origin, such restrictions have been applied by other Indigenous communities.

While Belarusian and Southern Russian form a continuous area, making it virtually impossible to draw a line between two languages.

While most of the Centers are located around the Washington, D. C., area as part of the Headquarters divisions, two offices – the Office of Regulatory Affairs ( ORA ) and the Office of Criminal Investigations ( OCI ) – are primarily field offices with a workforce spread across the country.

While the rest of Europe was cooling, the area around Gibraltar back then resembled a European Serengeti.

While spending most of his time in the provinces of the Rhine area ( Germania Inferior, Germania Superior, Raetia, Noricum ), it is almost certain that, during 253 to 258, Gallienus visited the Danube area and Illyricum.

While the Spanish made significant conquests in the southern half of the area, they had less success in the Caribbean section, on the north.

While the range of two hellbenders may overlap, they are noted as rarely being present in the overlapping area when the other salamander is in the area.

While the final victory in Italy and the conquest of the coast of southern Spain significantly enlarged the area over which the Empire could project its power and influence, and while they must have contributed to the Empire's prestige, most of the conquests proved ephemeral.

While there are only of land, of water area is included in the Refuge.

While in prison on another charge, her husband, Peter Reyn-Bardt, had boasted that he had killed his wife and buried her in the back garden of their bungalow, which was on the edge of the area of mossland where peat was being dug.

While relatively few parchments ( or codices ) of the Mixtec and Aztec cultures of the Post-Classic period survive, progress has been made in the area of Maya archaeology and epigraphy.

While heavy machine guns such as the Maxim gun and the Vickers gun were fearsome defensive weapons in a built-up emplacement, they were very hard to move to a new position if the army had advanced to a new area, or if it had to fall back.

While humans are allowed to swim with manatees in one area of Florida, there have been numerous charges of people harassing and disturbing the manatees.

While it has since become clear that an index ( search engine ) is the most expedient entre into unfamiliar subject matter, associational links have remained an effective navigational method for obtaining intensive coverage of a subject area under study.

While the city government wanted the squatters out to build a parking garage, most of the population wanted affordable housing to be built in the area.

While pressure may be measured in any unit of force divided by any unit of area, the SI unit of pressure ( the newton per square metre ) is called the pascal ( Pa ) after the seventeenth-century philosopher and scientist Blaise Pascal.

While the Sheriff of Nottingham and the town itself appear in early ballads, and Sherwood is specifically mentioned in the early ballad Robin Hood and the Monk, certain of the original ballads ( even those with Nottingham references ) locate Robin on occasion in Barnsdale ( the area between Pontefract and Doncaster ), approximately fifty miles north of Nottingham, in the county of Yorkshire ; furthermore, it has been suggested that the ballads placed in this area are far more geographically specific and accurate.