While it may seem unfair to forbid prosecution of crimes that law enforcement can later prove to a standard required by law (< em > cf .</ em >, e. g. beyond a reasonable doubt, clear and convincing evidence, and preponderance of the evidence ), the purpose of a statute of limitations or its equivalent is to ensure that the possibility of punishment for an act committed long ago cannot give rise to either a person's incarceration or the criminal justice system's activation.

In arguing before the Supreme Court, Gitlow contended that " the statute as construed and applied by the trial court penalize the mere utterance, as such, of ' doctrine ' having no quality of incitement, without regard to the circumstances of its utterance or to the likelihood of the unlawful sequences " While acknowledging " liberty of expression ' is not absolute ,'" he maintained " it may be restrained ' only in instances where its exercise bears a causal relation with some substantive evil, consummated, attempted or likely '" As the statute took no account of the circumstances under which the offending literature was written, it violated the First Amendment.

While the statute of limitations is generally three years, suits against cruise lines must usually be brought within one year because of limitations contained in the passenger ticket.

While translating stadia into modern units of distance is problematic, as an ancient stadium could measure anywhere from about 157 to around 211 meters, it is generally thought that the stadium used by Posidonius was almost exactly 1 / 10 of a modern statute mile, near the middle of the ancient range.

While United States federal statute defines paraphernalia with the concept of primary use, in practice this can be interpreted to be what the individual was currently primarily using the item for, allowing for common items to be treated as paraphernalia only in cases where more clear evidence allows such determination of primary use.

While governor, he vetoed several bills that would have re-established capital punishment in New York State ( the death penalty was in fact reinstated by Pataki the year after he defeated Cuomo in the 1994 election, although it was never put into effect and its statute declared unconstitutional by the New York Court of Appeals in 2004 ).

While it then fell into disuse, it did retain some theoretical powers, most importantly, the power to ratify elections of the top-ranking Roman Magistrates ( Consuls and Praetors ) by passing the statute that gave them their legal command authority, the lex curiata de imperio.

While these authorities were granted by statute during the US-led occupation and again from 1975, they could be unilaterally revoked by the Diet of Japan ; similar measures against other municipalities would require a constitutional amendment.

While at home, he finishes the complaint for the case he has been assigned and then brings it to his office, leaving instructions for his assistants to file the complaint in court on the following day, which marks the end of the statute of limitations for the case.

While the statute seemingly excluded from these record-keeping requirements anyone who is involved in activity that " does not involve hiring, contracting for, managing, or otherwise arranging for, the participation of the performers depicted ," the Department of Justice ( DOJ ) defined an entirely new class of producers known as " secondary producers.

While pacta conventa comprised only the personal undertakings of the king-elect, the Henrician Articles were a permanent statute that all king-elects had to swear to respect.

While the development of competition law stalled in Europe during the late 19th century, in 1889 Canada enacted what is considered the first competition statute of modern times.

" While Roberts did argue before the Supreme Court that a 19th-century statute directed against the Ku Klux Klan did not apply to those protesting outside abortion clinics, the case in question occurred almost seven years before the bombing pictured in the ad and was entirely unrelated to clinic bombings.

While the statute specifically states one of the forbidden bands as 150 to 160 MHz, most two meter transceivers can tune into this portion of the spectrum at least as receivers, and are therefore unlawful to mount in a motor vehicle in Los Angeles County.

While arrest rarely happens, the statute is still on the books.

While the FCPA's five-year statute of limitations appeared to bar prosecution under that statute, falsified financial statements in the years since could be seen as obstruction of justice under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and acts taken to conceal the bribery investigation subsequent to 2007 could constitute conspiracy.

While the Act requires that the original unfair labor practice be filed within six months, there is no comparable statute of limitations for issuance of a complaint.

While freely admitting that it is apparent that the enforcement of the Alien Land Laws in this case resulted in abridgement of equal protection afforded to Fred Oyama by his status as an American citizen, the Court ’ s opinion rendered by Vinson does not go so far as to rule on – or, in fact, even address – the constitutionality of the statute.

While accessing personal email accounts without authorization constitutes a federal crime, current DOJ interpretation of this statute following the decision in Theofel v. Farey-Jones is that perpetrators may only be prosecuted for reading ' unopened ' emails.

While the decision was widely reported as a 4-3 split, the differences between the Justices on the Court were on whether only the provision of civil marriage rights to same-sex couples would resolve the constitutional defect, or whether another change in statute would pass constitutional scrutiny.

* Jurisprudence While French judges, in the civil law tradition, do not create law, and thus there is no precedent or case law properly said, they may interpret existing statute law, as well as generic principles derived from the French Constitution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

While there, he was accused of engaging in illegal political activities, but was acquitted under a statute of limitations.

While in the Netherlands he changed his address frequently, living among other places in Dordrecht ( 1628 ), Franeker ( 1629 ), Amsterdam ( 1629 – 30 ), Leiden ( 1630 ), Amsterdam ( 1630 – 32 ), Deventer ( 1632 – 34 ), Amsterdam ( 1634 – 35 ), Utrecht ( 1635 – 36 ), Leiden ( 1636 ), Egmond ( 1636 – 38 ), Santpoort ( 1638 – 1640 ), Leiden ( 1640 – 41 ), Endegeest ( a castle near Oegstgeest ) ( 1641 – 43 ), and finally for an extended time in Egmond-Binnen ( 1643 – 49 ).

While Heydrich believed they had successfully deluded Stalin into executing or dismissing some 35, 000 of his officer corps, the importance of Heydrich's part is a matter of speculation and conjecture.

While reliable figures are difficult to obtain, estimated global sales of The Hobbit run between 35 and 100 million copies since 1937.

While women account for more than half of university graduates in several OECD countries, they receive only 30 % of tertiary degrees granted in science and engineering fields, and women account for only 25 % to 35 % of researchers in most OECD countries.

While neither zinc nor zirconium are ferromagnetic, their alloy exhibits ferromagnetism below 35 K.

While attracting Connell, Cooney received a call from Lou Hausman, who worked for the Commissioner of Education ; he suggested Jon Stone, also from Captain Kangaroo, a producer who had retired to Vermont, though no more than 35 at the time.

While the broadcast shows are recorded on location, this was the first ISIHAC touring stage show in the show's 35 year history.

While the nutrient composition depends on the species and environmental conditions, the most common components of acerola and their concentration range are as follow: proteins ( 2. 1-8g ), lipids ( 2. 3-8g ), carbohydrates ( 35. 7-78g ), calcium ( 117 mg ), phosphor ( 171 mg ), iron ( 2. 4 mg ), pyridoxine ( 87 mg ), riboflavin ( 0. 7 mg ), thiamine ( 0. 2 mg ), water ( 906-920g ) and dietic fibre ( 30g )

While sinking a putt of this length is unlikely, Leonard had made putts of 25 and 35 feet earlier in the round.

While initial reports said that 35 people had been shot, the toll was much less: the gunman killed one co-worker, wounded 6 others, and then took his own life.

While US 19W heads directly for Interstate 26 at Exits 35 and 36 in Johnson City, Tennessee, US 19E takes a 70-mile ( 113 km ) path through the Great Smoky Mountains.

3 versions of the same mid -' 60s Matchbox Snow Trac toy, all designated # 35, yet each a different variation: While the model pictured in the middle has the words " Snow-Trac " < u > cast </ u > into the sides, the 1st has plain-cast sides and " Snow-Trac " < u > decals </ u >; the 3rd version has plain sides and no brand badging

( While a mile stretch of Interstate 35 is often referred by local media and residents as " in Pflugerville ", the city of Austin actually controls this land, either as part of the city or through its extraterritorial jurisdiction.

While still 450 miles from the harbor at Rabaul, at 1015, the Lexington picked up an unknown aircraft on radar 35 miles from the ship.

While Joan's age in 1307 ( about 35 ) and the chronology of her earlier pregnancies with Ralph de Monthermer suggest that this could well be the case, historians have not confirmed the cause of her death.

While in San Francisco's University Club as a guest on May 18, 1903, he agreed to a $ 50 wager ($ 1, 183. 35 in 2008 dollars ) to prove that a four-wheeled machine could be driven across the country.

While feeding, ringed seals dive to depths of 35 to 150 ft ( 10 – 45 m ).

While most of the mills have been torn down, the kilns remain in place on Queen street, and are visible as one enters the village from the south on Highway 35.

While preparing for the long campaign, he died at age 35 in Baqiu ( present-day Yueyang, Hunan ).

While a higher percentage of French people smoke, this is not greatly higher than the U. S. ( 35 % in France vs. 25 % in U. S .) and is unlikely to account for the weight difference between countries.

While his parents were not particularly musical, his paternal grandfather Augusto had actually quit working at 35 to establish a successful career as an operatic tenor.

While some groups advocate PES for risk stratification in all individuals under 35 years old, others only offer it to individuals who have history suggestive of a tachydyshythmia, since the incidence of sudden cardiac death is so low ( less than 0. 6 percent in some reports ).

While the park is sanctuary to 35 large and numerous small game species, visitors are not likely to see many of these animals as vehicles are restricted to the road between Kavango and Eastern Caprivi.

While in the Florida House, Meek worked the Pitts and Lee case with Republicans in order to provide compensation for two African-Americans who had been falsely convicted for murder 35 years earlier.