The Bayreuth Festival opens July 23 with a new production of `` Tannhaeuser '' staged by Wieland Wagner, who is doing all the operas this time, and conducted by Wolfgang Sawallisch.

After the collapse of the Third Reich, a war court banned her from the Bayreuth Festival, which she passed to her sons Wieland and Wolfgang.

* July 29 – The annual Bayreuth Festival resumes for the first time since the Second World War, now under the general direction of Wieland Wagner, with an opening concert of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler, followed by productions of Der Ring des Nibelungen, Parsifal, and Die Meistersinger.

The court also banned her from administration of the Bayreuth Festival and its assets, which fell eventually to her two sons, Wolfgang and Wieland.

Under the direction of Wieland Wagner, the " New Bayreuth " ushered in an era that was no less than revolutionary.

Others have speculated that by stripping Wagner's works of their Germanic and historic elements, Wieland was attempting to distance Bayreuth from its nationalistic past and create productions with universal appeal.

Thus, when Wieland died prematurely from lung cancer in 1966, many wondered if Bayreuth had a future.

She gained international renown when she was cast by Wieland Wagner ( Richard Wagner's grandson ) as Venus at Bayreuth in 1961, at age 24, the first black singer to appear there.

Having already sung the Rheingold Wotan and the Siegfried Wanderer roles at the Met in New York in December ' 61 and January ' 62, he was ready to sing his first complete Ring Cycle. This was to be the now legendary new production mounted by Wieland Wagner at the Cologne Opera in West Germany in May 1962. Wieland was ready to try out new singers and production ideas in advance of his new Bayreuth Festival production which was scheduled for the summer of 1965 with London as Wotan and the Wanderer.

In 1951 the Bayreuth Festival reopened and the new leader Wieland Wagner asked her to sing Sieglinde.

In that year she also made her debut at Bayreuth after Flagstad, who had declined the invitation to Bayreuth, recommended that Wieland Wagner engage Varnay.

He is best known as the director ( Festspielleiter ) of the Bayreuth Festival, a position he initially assumed alongside his brother Wieland in 1951 until the latter's death in 1966.

Wolfgang worked with his older brother Wieland Wagner in 1951 on the resurrection of the Bayreuth Festival following Germany's collapse after the Second World War.

Both brothers contributed productions to the Bayreuth Festival, but Wolfgang did not enjoy the same critical reception as Wieland did.

Wieland was particularly derided for his 1956 production of Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg.

Performances of Parsifal, Tristan und Isolde and Die Walküre with innovative stage sets by Wieland Wagner were enthusiastically received.

After a few months, however, Bodmer felt himself as little in sympathy with Wieland as, two years earlier, he had felt himself with Klopstock, and the friends parted ; but Wieland remained in Switzerland until 1760, spending the last year, at Bern where he obtained a position as private tutor.

Wieland later divorced Snow and kept a low profile until her death in 1998 from Alzheimer's disease.

Joyce Wieland based a movie ( The Far Shore ) on the life and death of Tom Thomson.

After collecting money for Kurt Huber's widow Clara Huber, Hans Conrad Leipelt, a student of Wieland, was sentenced to death.

* Wieland ( 1917 – 1966 )

Weimar ’ s Courtyard of the Muses, a tribute to The Enlightenment and the Weimar Classicism depicting German poets Friedrich Schiller | Schiller, Christoph Martin Wieland | Wieland, Johann Gottfried Herder | Herder and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | Goethe.

* Wieland T and Bodanszky M ( 1991 ) The World of Peptides, Springer Verlag.

Adorno's correspondence with Alban Berg, Towards a Theory of Musical Reproduction, and the letters to Adorno's parents, have been translated by Wieland Hoban and published by Polity Press.

Among the foremost modern players of the viol are Claire Bracher, Alison Crum, Vittorio Ghielmi, Jérôme Hantaï, Lixsania Fernández, Wieland Kuijken, Paolo Pandolfo, Hille Perl and Jordi Savall.

In Germany, Richard Huelsenbeck established the Berlin group, whose members included Jean Arp, John Heartfield, Wieland Hertzfelde, Johannes Baader, Raoul Hausmann, George Grosz and Hannah Höch.

* August 5 – Heinrich Otto Wieland, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1877 )

* June 4 – Heinrich Otto Wieland, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1957 )

* January 20 – Christoph Martin Wieland, German writer ( b. 1733 )

* September – Charles Brockden Brown publishes the first significant American novel, the Gothic fiction Wieland: or, The Transformation ; an American Tale.

The libretto for The Magic Flute, written by Schikaneder, shares much of its plot and many of its characters with the Singspiel Oberon, written by Karl Ludwig Giesecke for the Schikaneder troupe two years earlier ( and set to music by Paul Wranitzky ) as a re-adaptation of Sophie Seyler's Singspiel Hüon und Amande, ultimately based on the poem Oberon by Wieland.

Among the more significant post-war productions was that directed in 1951 by Wieland Wagner, the composer's grandson.

To placate his conductor Wieland arranged to reinstate the dove, which descended on a string.

What Knappertsbusch did not realise was that Wieland had made the length of the string sufficient so that the conductor could see the dove, but the audience could not.

The poet Christoph Martin Wieland praised the book as the most important one of his time, and even today it remains one of the most important journey descriptions ever written.

From the time in Kassel on, Forster was in active correspondence with important figures of the Enlightenment, including Lessing, Herder, Wieland and Goethe.

For years to come literary celebrities — e. g. Goethe, Wieland, the Schlegel brothers August and Friedrich, and Tieck — twice a week gather in her house.

It is an hour's stroll from Weimar, where walked Goethe, Herder, Friedrich Schiller, Christoph Martin Wieland, the inimitable Kotzebue and others.

Wieland Wagner, the grandson of the composer, Richard Wagner, was the deputy civilian director there from September 1944 to April 1945.

In 1951, the first post-war Richard Wagner Festival took place under the leadership of Wieland and Wolfgang Wagner.

The second and third chapters of Charles Brockden Brown's 1798 novel Wieland focus on the emigration of Wieland, a German, to colonial America.