At the same time, the Romantic reaction to the Enlightenment produced thinkers, such as Johann Gottfried Herder and later Wilhelm Dilthey, whose work formed the basis for the " culture concept ," which is central to the discipline.

The term was coined in 1819 by philologist Karl Morgenstern in his university lectures, and later famously reprised by Wilhelm Dilthey, who legitimized it in 1870 and popularized it in 1905.

In the 1910s, Vesto Slipher ( and later Carl Wilhelm Wirtz ) interpreted the red shift of spiral nebulae as a Doppler shift that indicated they were receding from Earth.

Wilhelm also settled in Missouri, starting as a farmer and later becoming wealthy in the shoe business in St. Louis.

* 1895 – Wilhelm Röntgen publishes a paper detailing his discovery of a new type of radiation, which later will be known as x-rays.

Among his 69 Ph. D. students in Göttingen were many who later became famous mathematicians, including ( with date of thesis ): Otto Blumenthal ( 1898 ), Felix Bernstein ( 1901 ), Hermann Weyl ( 1908 ), Richard Courant ( 1910 ), Erich Hecke ( 1910 ), Hugo Steinhaus ( 1911 ), and Wilhelm Ackermann ( 1925 ).

During the Siege of Paris in 1871, the North German Confederation, supported by its allies from southern Germany, formed the German Empire with the proclamation of the Prussian king Wilhelm I as German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, to the humiliation of the French, who ceased to resist only days later.

His work had also gained the attention of several people who were later to give him work, including Stanslas de la Roche Toulay, who had prepared the design for the metalwork of the Bordeax bridge, Jean Baptiste Krantz and Wilhelm Nordling.

This dichotomy between descriptive and experimental study of memory would resonate later in Ebbinghaus ’ s life, particularly in his public argument with former colleague Wilhelm Dilthey.

A memorial to the Spartacus League | Spartacist leaders Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, commissioned by Eduard Fuchs, president of the German Communist Party in Germany designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, built by Wilhelm Pieck, and inaugurated on 13 June 1926, later destroyed by the Nazis

Wilhelm Wien later verified Heaviside's expression ( for low velocities ).

Psychoanalysis has expanded, been criticized and developed in different directions, mostly by some of Freud's former students, such as Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung, Wilhelm Reich and later by neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, Harry Stack Sullivan and Jacques Lacan.

He met with King Ludwig III on 29 May, and later with Kaiser Wilhelm II and Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg, who replied positively to the Papal initiative.

Years later, Wilhelm Canaris said he had obtained photocopies proving Heydrich's Jewish ancestry, but these photocopies never surfaced.

Seven centuries later, Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany donated a new marble sarcophagus to the mausoleum.

William Cooke and Professor Charles Wheatstone learned of the Wilhelm Weber and Carl Gauss electromagnetic telegraph in 1833, and reached the stage of launching a commercial telegraph prior to Morse, despite starting later.

The first German Governor, Wilhelm Solf, later went on to become Secretary for the Colonies of Imperial Germany.

Victoria and Albert's first grandchild, Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, is born — he later became William II, German Emperor.

* January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports that Wilhelm Röntgen has discovered a type of radiation later known as X-rays.

* November 8 – Wilhelm Röntgen discovers a type of radiation later known as X-rays.

* March 25, 1816 – Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck dies and is succeeded by the later Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, his son and founder of the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.

* February 10 – Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck dies and is succeeded by the later Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, his son and founder of the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.

Tourism later became a major industry, and Molde saw notabilities such as the German emperor Wilhelm II of Germany and the Prince of Wales as regular summer visitors.

He was later joined there by Wilhelm, Dortchen and their four children.

On 20 August an operation by British tanks, artillery and infantry captured strongpoints along the St Julien – Poelkappelle road and two days later more ground was gained by XVIII and XIX Corps, which left them still overlooked by the Germans in the uncaptured part of the Wilhelm ( third ) Line.

In the early 1900s, after the rediscovery of Mendel's work, the gaps in understanding between genetics and evolutionary Darwinism led to vigorous debate among biometricians, such as Walter Weldon and Karl Pearson, and Mendelians, such as Charles Davenport, William Bateson and Wilhelm Johannsen.

Ernst Mayr remarks that the theory was hotly contested by some famous geneticists: William Bateson, Wilhelm Johannsen, Richard Goldschmidt and T. H.

In 1800, William Nicholson and Johann Wilhelm Ritter succeeded in decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis.

* John Frederick William Herschel, A brief notice of the life, researches, and discoveries of Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, London: Barclay, 1847 ( on-line )

Italian / French Propaganda Postcard from World War I era showing a caricature of Kaiser William II, German Emperor | Wilhelm II biting into the world

For a time during the 19th century pantheism was the theological viewpoint of many leading writers and philosophers, attracting figures such as William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge in Britain ; Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel in Germany ; Walt Whitman, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau in the USA.

Examples include the beliefs of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling and William James.

The first white dwarf discovered was in the triple star system of 40 Eridani, which contains the relatively bright main sequence star 40 Eridani A, orbited at a distance by the closer binary system of the white dwarf 40 Eridani B and the main sequence red dwarf 40 Eridani C. The pair 40 Eridani B / C was discovered by William Herschel on 31 January 1783 ;< sup >, p. 73 </ sup > it was again observed by Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve in 1825 and by Otto Wilhelm von Struve in 1851.

Sir Frederick William Herschel, KH, FRS ( Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel ; 15 November 1738 – 25 August 1822 ) was a German-born British astronomer, technical expert, and composer.

# 162v: Herr Wilhelm von Heinzenburg ( near Bad Kreuznach ; probably William III fl.

In the early 19th century, the concept of the visible spectrum became more definite, as light outside the visible range was discovered and characterized by William Herschel ( infrared ) and Johann Wilhelm Ritter ( ultraviolet ), Thomas Young, Thomas Johann Seebeck, and others.

This period included a panoply of international ‘ great demographers ’ like Adolphe Quételet ( 1796 – 1874 ), William Farr ( 1807 – 1883 ), Louis-Adolphe Bertillon ( 1821 – 1883 ) and his son Jacques ( 1851 – 1922 ), Joseph Körösi ( 1844 – 1906 ), Anders Nicolas Kaier ( 1838 – 1919 ), Richard Böckh ( 1824 – 1907 ), Émile Durkheim ( 1858-1917 ), Wilhelm Lexis ( 1837 – 1914 ) and Luigi Bodio ( 1840 – 1920 ) contributed to the development of demography and to the toolkit of methods and techniques of demographic analysis.

He did not join the League of Augsburg of 1686 against France, but he did travel personally to The Hague in March 1688, to discuss with William of Orange, Georg Wilhelm of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and Frederick Wilhelm of Brandenburg possible moves against Louis XIV.

Wilhelm, Duke of Urach ( 1864 – 1928 ), had the distinction of being under consideration for five thrones at different times: that of King of Wurttemberg in the 1890s, as the senior agnate by primogeniture when it became likely that King William II would die without male descendants, leaving as heir Duke Albrecht of Wurttemberg, a more distantly related, albeit dynastic, royal kinsman ; Prince of Albania in 1913 ; Prince of Monaco as the next heir by proximity of blood following the Hereditary Prince Louis during a succession crisis resolved in July 1918 ; Grand Duke of Alsace-Lorraine in 1917, and his election by the Taryba as King of Lithuania in July 1918.

Around 1870 – 80, William Steinway ( born Wilhelm Steinweg, a son of H. E.

** ( Carl ) Wilhelm Siemens ( known as ( Charles ) Wilhelm or Sir William Siemens ) ( 1823, Lenthe-1883 ), brother of Werner von Siemens

He bequeathed the duchy to Duke William the Rich of Jülich-Cleves-Berg ( also known as Wilhelm of Cleves ).

He considers devices by James Watt, Professor James Thomson, Fleeming Jenkin, William Thomson, Léon Foucault and Carl Wilhelm Siemens ( a liquid governor ).

King William I continued improving the city, including the purchase of the steamship Wilhelm.