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Winckelmann's History of Ancient Art ( 1764 ) was one of the first books written in German to become a classic of European literature.
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Winckelmann's and History
Winckelmann's masterpiece, the Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums (" The History of Art in Antiquity "), published in 1764, was soon recognized as a permanent contribution to European literature.
Winckelmann's and 1764
Winckelmann's Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums of 1764 first refuted the Etruscan origin of what we now know to be Greek pottery yet Sir William Hamilton's two collections, one lost at sea the other now in the British Museum, were still published as " Etruscan vases "; it would take until 1837 with Stackelberg's Gräber der Hellenen to conclusively end the controversy.
Winckelmann's and was
This revelation was a direct contradiction of Winckelmann's notion of the Greek temple as timeless, fixed, and pure in its whiteness.
Neoclassicism was strongest in architecture, sculpture and the decorative arts, where classical models in the same medium were relatively numerous and accessible ; examples from ancient painting that demonstrated the qualities that Winckelmann's writing found in sculpture were and are lacking.
Winckelmann's major duty was to assist von Bünau in writing a book on the Holy Roman Empire and help collect material for it.
In England, Winckelmann's views stirred discussion in the 1760s and 1770s, although it was limited to artistic circles: Henry Fuseli's translation of Reflections on the Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks was published in 1765, but the text did not find enough readers to warrant a second edition.
He was named librarian to Cardinal Passionei, who was impressed by Winckelmann's beautiful Greek writing.
Winckelmann's method of careful observation allowed him to identify Roman copies of Greek art, something that was unusual at that time — Roman culture was considered the ultimate achievement of Antiquity.
" Winckelmann's poverty may have played a part: the trade in antiquities was an expensive and speculative game.
In this work, " Winckelmann's most significant and lasting achievement was to produce a thorough, comprehensive and lucid chronological account of all antique art — including that of the Egyptians and Etruscans.
Winckelmann's study Sendschreiben von den Herculanischen Entdeckungen (" Letter about the Discoveries at Herculaneum ") was published in 1762, and two years later Nachrichten von den neuesten Herculanischen Entdeckungen (" Report on the Latest Discoveries at Herculaneum ").
It was read with intense interest by Lessing, who found in the earliest of Winckelmann's works the starting-point for his Laocoon, and by Herder, Goethe and Kant.
Julien-David Le Roy's Les Ruines des plus beaux monuments de la Grèce, Johann Joachim Winckelmann's Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums, in its French translation bought in 1806 just before Soane was appointed to the professorship.
He was a stout champion of Winckelmann's advocacy of reform on antique lines.
Winckelmann's and one
The combination is so rare of an Irish labourer's nerve and elasticity with Winckelmann's experience and cultivation as to fill one with immense hope of great results when he meets it in the New York of to-day.
Winckelmann's and German
Domenico Rosetti and Cesare Pagnini documented the last week of Winckelmann's life ; Heinrich Alexander Stoll translated the Italian document, the so-called " Mordakte Winckelmann ", into German.
* D. M. Sweet, ' The Personal, the Political and the Aesthetic: Johann Joachim Winckelmann's German Enlightenment life ', in Journal of Homosexuality ; 18 ( 1988 ), p. 152
Winckelmann's and European
Winckelmann's writings are key to understanding the modern European discovery of: ancient ( sometimes idealized ) Greece ; neoclassicism ; and the doctrine of art as imitation ( Nachahmung ).
Winckelmann's and .
Winckelmann's early years were full of hardship, but his thirst for learning pushed him forward.
His enthusiasm for the male form excited Winckelmann's budding admiration of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture.
In 1751, the papal nuncio and Winckelmann's future employer, Alberico Archinto, visited Nöthnitz, and in 1754 Winckelmann joined the Roman Catholic Church.
In 1760, Winckelmann's Description des pierres gravées du feu Baron de Stosch appeared, followed in 1762 by his Anmerkungen über die Baukunst der Alten (" Observations on the Architecture of the Ancients "), which included an account of the temples at Paestum.
Winckelmann's explanations were of tremendous use to the future science of archaeology, by showing through observational method that the ultimate sources of inspiration of many works of art supposed to be connected with Roman history were to be found in Homer.
The fundamental idea of Winckelmann's artistic theories are that the end of art is beauty, and that this end can be attained only when individual and characteristic features are strictly subordinated to an artist's general scheme.
Among others, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing based many of the ideas in his ' Laocoon ' ( 1766 ) on Winckelmann's views on harmony and expression in the visual arts.
To Winckelmann's contemporaries it came as a revelation, and it exercised a profound influence on the best minds of the age.
History and Ancient
* Bowman, Alan K. The Cambridge Ancient History: The High Empire, A. D. 70 – 192.
* Reale, G., ( 1990 ), A History of Ancient Philosophy IV: The Schools of the Imperial Age, SUNY Press, pp. 297 – 303.
* Van de Mieroop, Mark ( 2004 ): A History of the Ancient Near East, Oxford.
* Assyria on Ancient History Encyclopedia
* Rehren, T. and Martinon Torres, M. ( 2008 ) " Naturam ars imitate: European brassmaking between craft and science " in Martinon-Torres, M and Rehren, T. ( eds ) Archaeology, History and Science Integrating Approaches to Ancient Material: Left Coast Press
* Kalimi, Isaac, The Reshaping of Ancient Israelite History in Chronicles.
Stanford sinologist David Shepherd Nivison, in the The Cambridge History of Ancient China, writes that the moral goods of Mohism " are interrelated: more basic wealth, then more reproduction ; more people, then more production and wealth ... if people have plenty, they would be good, filial, kind, and so on unproblematically.
* Ancient Asian World History, culture and archaeology of the ancient Asian continent.
Ancient Law: Its Connection with the Early History of Society, and Its Relation to Modern Ideas.
Claudius ' Ascent to Power ", Ancient History, 22 25 – 31.
Ian Bottomley in his book " Arms and Armor of the Samurai: The History of Weaponry in Ancient Japan " shows a picture of a kusari armour and mentions kusari katabira ( chain jackets ) with detachable arms being worn by samurai police officials during the Edo period.
Chapters from The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume XII: The Crisis of Empire are marked with a "( CAH )".
The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume XII: The Crisis of Empire.
* A History of Freethought: Ancient and modern, to the period of the French revolution by John Mackinnon Robertson ( 1915 )
* Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards, Cyril John Gadd, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond ( 1970 ) The Cambridge Ancient History, Cambridge University Press, 780 pages ISBN 0-521-07051-1
Stanford sinologist David Shepherd Nivison, in the The Cambridge History of Ancient China, writes that the moral goods of Mohism " are interrelated: more basic wealth, then more reproduction ; more people, then more production and wealth ... if people have plenty, they would be good, filial, kind, and so on unproblematically.
* History of the Jews in Ancient Egypt
* The Cambridge Ancient History: Second Edition.
* The History of the Ancient Near East
The Cambridge Illustrated History of Ancient Greece ( 2002 )
A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284-641: The Transformation of the Ancient World ( 2006 )
* History of the Ancient and Modern Hebrew Language by David Steinberg
* Murray, Gilbert, A History of Ancient Greek Literature, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1897.
* History of the Ancient and Modern Hebrew Language, David Steinberg
* Brettler, Marc Zvi, " The Creation of History in Ancient Israel " ( Routledge, 1995 ), and also review at Dannyreviews. com
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