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Page "Windows 2000" ¶ 18
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Windows and 2000
* Windows 2000 or later, CE, Mobile
Then Windows 2000 Server edition, and revised to extend functionality and improve administration in Windows Server 2003.
Operating systems that supported Alpha included OpenVMS ( previously known as OpenVMS AXP ), Tru64 UNIX ( previously known as DEC OSF / 1 AXP and Digital UNIX ), Windows NT ( until 4. 0 SP6 and Windows 2000 RC1 ), GNU / Linux ( Debian GNU / Linux, Gentoo Linux and Red Hat Linux ), BSD UNIX ( NetBSD, OpenBSD and FreeBSD up to 6. x ), as well as the L4Ka :: Pistachio kernel.
A Microsoft Windows ( 2000 or newer ) port was made available starting with the 2. 2. 0 series.
In hindsight, Cairo was a much more difficult project than Microsoft had anticipated and, as a result, NT and Chicago would not be unified until Windows XP — albeit Windows 2000, oriented to business, had already unified most of the system ’ s bolts and gears, it was XP that was sold to home consumers like Windows 95 and came to be viewed as the final unified OS.
This problem plagued the NT line all the way through Windows 2000.
Microsoft released Windows 2000 in February 2000.
Windows 2000 is also the last NT-kernel Windows operating system to lack product activation.
While Windows 2000 upgrades were available for Windows 95 and Windows 98, it was not intended for home users.
Windows 2000 was available in six editions:
* Windows 2000 Professional
* Windows 2000 Server
* Windows 2000 Advanced Server
* Windows 2000 Datacenter Server
* Windows 2000 Advanced Server Limited Edition
* Windows 2000 Datacenter Server Limited Edition
In September 2000, Microsoft introduced Windows Me ( Millennium Edition ), which upgraded Windows 98 with enhanced multimedia and Internet features from Windows 2000.

Windows and Explorer
* Windows Media Player applets, used to display embedded video files in Internet Explorer ( and other browsers that support the plugin )
Cygwin 1. 5 represented them as Windows Explorer shortcuts, but this has been changed for reasons of performance and POSIX correctness.
For instance, Microsoft Word files are normally created and modified by the Microsoft Word program in response to user commands, but the user can also move, rename, or delete these files directly by using a file manager program such as Windows Explorer ( on Windows computers ) or by command lines ( CLI ).
Under Windows, the most commonly used file manager program is Windows Explorer.
In Microsoft Office 2007 and later versions, Internet Explorer 7 and later versions and Windows Live Messenger, ClearType is also turned on by default, even if it is not enabled throughout the operating system.
Sometimes they are called dual-pane managers, a term that is typically used for programs such as the Windows File Explorer ( see below ).
Newer versions of popular browsers such as Google Chrome, Firefox, Opera, and Internet Explorer on Windows Vista implement the Online Certificate Status Protocol ( OCSP ) to verify that this is not the case.
Support for SNI is available since Firefox 2, Opera 8, Safari 2. 1, Google Chrome 6, and Internet Explorer 7 on Windows Vista.
With Windows NT 4. 0 in 1996, the shell changed from Program Manager to Windows Explorer.
* Windows 95 B-( OSR2 ) included several major enhancements, Internet Explorer ( IE ) 3. 0 and full FAT32 file system support.
Major new features included the new Explorer shell from Windows 95, scalability and feature improvements to the core architecture, kernel, USER32, COM and MSRPC.
The release continued the controversial inclusion of the Internet Explorer browser with the operating system that started with Windows 95 OEM Service Release 1.
Vista also features new graphics features, the Windows Aero GUI, new applications ( such as Windows Calendar, Windows DVD Maker and some new games including Chess, Mahjong, and Purble Place ), Internet Explorer 7, Windows Media Player 11, and a large number of underlying architectural changes.
In some countries ( Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland ), there are other editions that lack some features such as Windows Media Player, Windows Media Center and Internet Explorer called names such as " Windows 7 N ."
The issue central to the case was whether Microsoft was allowed to bundle its flagship Internet Explorer ( IE ) web browser software with its Microsoft Windows operating system.
Bundling them together is alleged to have been responsible for Microsoft's victory in the browser wars as every Windows user had a copy of Internet Explorer.
Microsoft stated that the merging of Microsoft Windows and Internet Explorer was the result of innovation and competition, that the two were now the same product and were inextricably linked together and that consumers were now getting all the benefits of IE for free.

Windows and introduces
Windows 2000 introduces layered windows that allow for transparency, translucency and various transition effects like shadows, gradient fills and alpha blended GUI elements to top-level windows.
The Start Menu in Windows 2000 introduces personalized menus, expandable special folders and the ability to launch multiple programs without closing the menu by holding down the key.
* Microsoft introduces Windows NT 3. 1, Windows 95 and later Windows 98 to the market, which gain immediate popularity.
## Microsoft's Windows Presentation Foundation ( WPF ), introduces routed commands, which combine the command pattern with event processing.
Windows Explorer in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 also introduces a new layout.
The file manager on Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 is renamed File Explorer, and introduces new features such as a redesigned interface incorporating a ribbon toolbar, and a redesigned file operation dialog that displays more detailed progress and allows for file operations to be paused and resumed.
Windows XP Professional x64 Edition also introduces Kernel Patch Protection ( also known as PatchGuard ) which can help improve security by helping to eliminate rootkits.
Windows XP Service Pack 3 ( SP3 ) introduces a problem that causes loss of ICS connectivity after certain activities ( like disconnecting the network cable ).
Additionally, Windows Server 2008 introduces the utility which exposes VSS functionality through 20 different commands.
Windows Vista introduces the ability to independently redirect up to 10 user profile sub-folders to a network location.

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