Following a line of Confucian thought, Xunzi argues that music, as defined and ordered by the ancient sage kings, acts like ritual in that it moderates and restrains the person listening and the person performing.

However, as noted below in the Man's Nature is Evil section, Xunzi argues for the use of ancient rites and regulations to hone the self, while Zhuangzi believes that simply emptying the mind, without absorbing such information regarding ritual and regulation, and thus falling into a state of wu-wei is sufficient to walking the path of the Way.

Employing a technique used by philosophers before him, such as Mozi and Confucius, Xunzi argues for the rectification of names.

Xunzi recognizes the apparent flaw and argues that, just as a potter consciously creates a pot ( an object and action not part of his own nature ), so does a sage consciously create the rituals and regulations to be followed if morality is the goal.

Xunzi argues that if one associates with gentlemen, one will become a gentleman ; if one associates with the immoral, one will become immoral ( a similar sentiment can be found in the Analects of Confucius ).

" This attitude toward nurture over nature may appear similar to that of Mencius, but the stances of the two in this case should not be confused: while Mencius argues that people are born good but need a positive environment in order to fully prosper with the Way, Xunzi argues that it is only the environment which can save a person from immorality.

Xunzi states that " every man who desires to do good does so precisely because his nature is evil ... Whatever a man lacks in himself he will seek outside " as the sage kings did when they referenced their personal experiments and ideas to create a means toward morality.

In his youth, Han Fei studied with Xunzi, a Confucian scholar who formed the hypothesis that suggested human infants must be brought to their virtuous form through social-class-oriented Confucian moral education.

Xunzi preached that man is not innately good ; he asserted that goodness is attainable only through training one's desires and conduct.

Xunzi focuses on the mind's ability to reform actions: if one's mind is trained, although there are many desires they will not be acted upon.

In this way, Xunzi uses classification and understanding to assert his point: it is the mind which has control over desires, desires cannot simply be forgotten because they are part of human nature and are from Heaven, as he continues to explain.

Xunzi believed man's inborn tendencies need to be curbed through education and ritual, counter to Mencius's view that man is innately good.

Why, poses Xunzi, should music be renounced if created by the sage kings to create order in expression, or if it brings people into unity and harmony and soldiers into order ( for example, via war dances )?

However, and again agreeing with Confucius, Xunzi does admit that there are types of music which can lead one into licentious behavior, but states that the gentleman knows to be wary of his environment and the sounds he hears.

When one is subject to obsession, it means that they are focusing so intently on a certain thing ( Xunzi claims that Mozi focused too much on utility, while Zhuangzi focused too heavily on Nature, for example ) their minds will not be able to absorb any new information outside of the realm of their obsession.

Xunzi does not believe this state of affairs to be possible.

Without such, Xunzi argued, man would act virtuelessly and be steered by his own human nature to commit immoral acts.

Material from the Yue ji can be also found in Xunzi (" Yue lun "), " Xici zhuan " of the Yi jing, " Great Preface to the Shi jing, Lüshi Chunqiu, Shuo yuan, etc.

Xunzi remained in Lanling, a region in what is today's southern Shandong province, for the rest of his life and was buried there.

Obsession, as argued by Xunzi, is so strong that the ineptitude it causes can lead to one's death without them even knowing it.

Xunzi elaborates on exactly what the name " sage " means, what sort of person it can apply to.

Xunzi holds that man is naturally inclined towards selfishness, and that if this inclination is not curbed, human societies would devolve into chaos.

Xunzi believed that all people are born with natural tendencies toward " waywardness ": that is, a taste for profit and beauty and a susceptibility to jealousy and hate, all of which, if indulged in, would lead to disorder and criminality.

According to Xunzi, if people were naturally good, then leaving peoples and governments without laws and restrictions would cause no harm or disorder.

Xunzi ends the chapter with, "' If you do not know a man, look at his friends ; if you do not know a ruler, look at his attendants.

In order to attain a oneness with the Way, a dedication to morality, Xunzi argued for the guidance of a proper teacher: only this would allow one to become morally upright.

Xunzi also uses the rectification of names to refute previous philosophers such as the writers of the Daodejing or Laozi ( the alleged author of the Daodejing ).

The Way is the path away from obsession because of the nature of its interaction with the mind, which is empty, unified and still, according to Xunzi, when it is in accord with the Way.

Xunzi is referring to peace of mind rather than an attempt to unlearn what one has learned, as Laozi does, when he refers to the mind as being empty, unified and still.

For Xunzi, the mind is the ruler of the body, the emptying of which leads one closer to the Way.

Xunzi was born Xun Kuang ( 荀況 ), courtesy name Qing ( 卿 ).

It was around this time that Xunzi visited the state of Qin and praised its governance, and debated military affairs with Lord Linwu ( 臨武君 ) in the court of King Xiaocheng of Zhao ( 趙孝成王 ).

Later, Xunzi was slandered in the Qi court, and he retreated south to the state of Chu, where Lord Chunshen of Chu ( 春申君 ), the prime minister, gave him a position as Magistrate of Lanling ( 蘭陵令 ).

Swift however, Landa argues, is not merely criticizing economic maxims but also addressing the fact that England was denying Irish citizens their natural rights and dehumanizing them by viewing them as a mere commodity.

The Exodus Rabbah argues that when the Pharaoh instructed midwives to throw male children into the Nile, Amram divorced Jochebed, who was three months pregnant with Moses at the time, arguing that there was no justification for the Israelite men to father children if they were just to be killed ; however, the text goes on to state that Miriam, his daughter, chided him for his lack of care for his wife's feelings, persuading him to recant and marry Jochebed again.

Alan Cameron, however, argues that it should be interpreted as referring to Plato, and that when Proclus writes that " we must bear in mind concerning this whole feat of the Athenians, that it is neither a mere myth nor unadorned history, although some take it as history and others as myth ", he is treating " Crantor's view as mere personal opinion, nothing more ; in fact he first quotes and then dismisses it as representing one of the two unacceptable extremes ".

The party is keen to maintain its independent identity however, and argues that the need for a modern Liberal force in British politics has never been greater.

Daniel Amneus, however, argues that when Ross and Angus bring King Duncan's praise, and the news that Macbeth has been granted the title of Thane of Cawdor, the " greater honor " he ascribes to Macbeth is actually his title as Prince of Cumberland.

Universities may try to create community through all freshman reads, freshman seminars, and school pride ; however, Nathan argues students will only form communities based on the attributes, such as age and pop culture, that they bring with them to college.

It argues, however, that conservation will bring us significant environmental, economic and social benefits in return.

These proposals, however, are not seen as favorable by the U. S. federal government, which argues Guam does not have the financial stability or self sufficiency to warrant such status.

Joosten, however, while accepting that the carelessness of the English scribe is the most likely explanation for most such instances, nevertheless argues that a minority of such readings are due to translation errors in the Spanish text: as, for example, where the Italian text employs the conjunction pero, with an Italian meaning ' therefore '; while the Spanish text also reads pero, with a Spanish meaning ' however '; the Italian sense being the one demanded by the context.

Gordon Wood, however, argues that Madison's frustrating experience in the Virginia legislature years earlier most shaped his constitutional views.

No legal positivist, however, argues that it follows that the law is therefore to be obeyed, no matter what.

Mansfield however argues that Machiavelli's own aims have not been shared by those influenced by him.

Langer, however, argues that this episode played a minor role in causing the war.

Francois Furet, however, argues that circumstances could not have been the sole cause of the Reign of Terror because " the risks for the Revolution were greatest " in the middle of 1793 but at that time " the activity of the Revolutionary Tribunal was relatively minimal.

The most recent study of the matter, however, argues that Watson believed, perhaps naively, that the medal was in recognition of his years of labor on behalf of global commerce and international peace.

On balance however, he argues, it was a major success in terms of delivering aid, food, and medicine, and helping Europe on the path to recovery, especially Eastern and Southern Europe.

Among leading language-usage commentators, Garner's Modern American Usage acknowledges that " website " is the standard form, but Bill Walsh, of The Washington Post, argues for using " Web site " in his books and on his website ( however, The Washington Post itself uses " website ").

Metonymy, however, Jennifer Hansen-Glucklich argues, is not without its own problems.

Chanchal Kumar Sharma ( 2005b ), however, argues that it is the fiscal side of the federalism ( fiscal federalism ) that is crucial for federal dynamism.

Rorty, however, argues that this intentional obfuscation is philosophically grounded.

A review article by Andrew R. George says that its builder may have " reigned in the fourteenth, twelfth, eleventh or ninth century " but argues that The reference to a ziqqurrat at Babylon in the Creation Epic ( Enûma Eliš · VI 63: George 1992: 301-2 ) is more solid evidence, however, for a Middle Assyrian piece of this poem survives to prove the long-held theory that it existed already in the second millennium BC.

Hegel himself, however, in his seminal " The Phenomenology of Spirit " argues for a more complicated theory of tragedy, with two complementary branches which, though driven by a single dialectical principle, differentiate Greek tragedy from that which follows Shakespeare.

The ROC argues that the Treaty of Taipei implicitly transferred sovereignty of Taiwan to it, however the US State Dept.

Parrinder however, equally skeptical of the concept of the Wake as a dream, argues that Joyce came up with the idea of representing his linguistic experiments as a language of the night around 1927 as a means of battling his many critics, further arguing that " since it cannot be said that neologism is a major feature of the dreaming process, such a justification for the language of Finnegans Wake smacks dangerously of expediency.