AC-IV was first reported in the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila, and the structure of the AC-IV from Yersinia pestis has been reported.

Agents considered for weaponization, or known to be weaponized, include bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis, Brucella spp., Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Chlamydophila psittaci, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, some of the Rickettsiaceae ( especially Rickettsia prowazekii and Rickettsia rickettsii ), Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and Yersinia pestis.

The trawler Carella accidentally sailed through a cloud of pneumonic plague bacilli ( Yersinia pestis ) during this trial.

; Bubonic plague: Plague is a disease caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium.

Although there were several competing theories as to the etiology of the Black Death, recent analysis of DNA from victims in northern and southern Europe indicates that the pathogen responsible was the Yersinia pestis bacterium, which causes the Bubonic plague, although these were different, previously unknown ancestral variants of those identified in the 20th century.

The plague disease, generally thought to be caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic ( commonly present ) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda.

Plague is a deadly infectious disease that is caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis, named after the French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin.

This species of flea is the primary Vector ( epidemiology ) | vector for the transmission of Yersinia pestis the organism responsible for bubonic plague in most plague epidemic s in Asia, Africa, and South America.

A child bitten by a flea Infection | infected with the Yersinia pestis bacteria.

Yersinia pestis circulates in animal reservoirs, particularly in rodents, in the natural foci of infection found on all continents except Australia.

Yersin named it Pasteurella pestis in honor of the Pasteur Institute, where he worked, but in 1967 it was moved to a new genus, renamed Yersinia pestis in honor of Yersin.

* Yersinia, e. g. Yersinia pestis

Bubonic plague is a disease caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium which is usually transmitted through the bite of an infected flea, the prime vector for Y. pestis.

They point out that the basal body of the flagella has been found to be similar to the Type III secretion system ( TTSS ), a needle-like structure that pathogenic germs such as Salmonella and Yersinia pestis use to inject toxins into living eucaryote cells.

Some pathogens ( such as the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which may have caused the Black Plague, the Variola virus, and the Malaria protozoa ) have been responsible for massive numbers of casualties and have had numerous effects on afflicted groups.

* Yersinia pestis — pneumonic, septicemic, and the notorious bubonic plagues ( aka " Black Death ")

The Black Death is traditionally believed to have been caused by the micro-organism Yersinia pestis, carried by the tropical rat flea ( Xenopsylla cheopis ) which preyed on black rats living in European cities during the epidemic outbreaks of the Middle Ages ; these rats were used as transport hosts.

Yersinia pestis ( formerly Pasteurella pestis ) is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium.

However, it was Yersin who actually linked plague with Yersinia pestis.

Oriental rat flea ( Xenopsylla cheopis ) infected with the Yersinia pestis Bacteria | bacterium which appears as a dark mass in the gut.

Although Yersinia murine toxin is highly toxic to rodents and was once thought to be produced to ensure reinfection of new hosts, it has been demonstrated that Ymt is important for the survival of Y. pestis in fleas.

The ability of Yersinia pestis to inhibit phagocytosis allows it to grow in lymph nodes and cause lymphadenopathy.

These are the smallest of the AC enzyme classes ; the AC-IV from Yersinia is a dimer of 19 kDa subunits with no known regulatory components.

The closest relative is the gastrointestinal pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and more distantly Yersinia enterocolitica.

Y. pestis expresses the yadBC gene, which is similar to adhesins in other Yersinia species, allowing for adherence and invasion of epithelial cells.

YopH is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that contributes to the ability of Yersinia pestis to evade immune system cells.

YopO is a protein kinase also known as Yersinia protein kinase A ( YpkA ).

is: Yersinia pestis

Yersinia is a genus of bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae.

Some members of Yersinia are pathogenic in humans ; in particular, Y. pestis is the causative agent of the plague.

An interesting feature peculiar to some of the Yersinia bacteria is the ability to not only survive but actively proliferate at temperatures as low as 1-4 degrees Celsius ( e. g., on cut salads and other food products in a refrigerator ).

Yersinia is implicated as one of the causes of reactive arthritis worldwide.

One possible agent is the bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica.

Rats played a primary role in spreading bacteria, such as Yersinia pestis, which is responsible for the Justinianic plague and Bubonic plague.

However in a number of bacteriophages-Bacillus subtilis bacteriophages PBS1 and PBS2 and Yersinia bacteriophage piR1-37-thymine has been replaced by uracil.

In addition, it also hosts two other plasmids, pPCP1 ( also called pPla or pPst ) and pMT1 ( also called pFra ) that are not carried by the other Yersinia species.

Yersinia bacteria are relatively quickly inactivated by oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate solutions.

Yersinia pestis, the first described species, was identified in 1894 by A. E. J.

* Yersinia genomes and related information at PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by NIAID

However, the bacterium responsible, Yersinia pestis, is commonly endemic in only a few rodent species and is usually transmitted zoonotically by rat fleas — common carrier rodents today include ground squirrels and wood rats.

* Plague ( disease ), a specific disease caused by Yersinia pestis.

Pneumonic plague, a severe type of lung infection, is one of three main forms of plague, all of which are caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.

Fleas have helped cause epidemics by transmitting diseases such as the bubonic plague between rodents and humans by carrying Yersinia pestis bacteria.

SdiA detects AHLs produced by other species of bacteria including Aeromonas hydrophila, Hafnia alvei, and Yersinia enterocolitica.

It is caused by Yersinia pestis, a gram-negative bacterium.

The effector proteins injected by the type III secretion apparatus of Yersinia into target cells are one example.

One such mechanism to detect low calcium concentration has been illustrated by the lcrV ( Low Calcium Response ) antigen utilized by Yersinia pestis, which is used to detect low calcium concentrations and elicits T3SS attachment.

Pneumonia caused by Yersinia pestis is usually called pneumonic plague.