The shofar or keren ( horn ) is the only temple instrument still being used today in the synagogue, and it is only used from Rosh Chodesh Elul through the end of Yom Kippur.

In Judaism it is the Haftarah for the afternoon of Yom Kippur due to its story of God's willingness to forgive those who repent.

Not only does the ensuing crisis rank with the Berlin Blockade, the Suez Crisis and the Yom Kippur War as one of the major confrontations of the Cold War, it is generally regarded as the moment in which the Cold War came closest to turning into a nuclear conflict, or possibly World War III, where it is estimated that 100 million Americans and over 100 million Russians would have perished.

This annual judgment process begins on Rosh Hashanah and ends with Yom Kippur.

Jews have two holiday seasons: the Spring Feasts of Pesach ( Passover ) and Shavuot ( Weeks, called Pentecost in Greek ); and the Fall Feasts of Rosh Hashanah ( Head of the Year ), Yom Kippur ( Day of Atonement ), Sukkot ( Tabernacles ), and Shemini Atzeret ( Eighth Day of Assembly ).

He attracted national attention in 1934 when he refused to play baseball on Yom Kippur, the Jewish day of atonement, even though the Tigers were in the middle of a pennant race and he was not in practice a religious Jew.

Late in the 1934 season, he announced that he would not play on September 10, which was Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, or on September 19, the Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur.

" Greenberg did considerable soul-searching, and discussed the matter with his rabbi ; finally he relented and agreed to play on Rosh Hashanah, but stuck with his decision not to play on Yom Kippur.

The Detroit press was not so kind regarding the Yom Kippur decision, nor were many fans, but Greenberg in his autobiography recalled that he received a standing ovation from congregants at the Shaarey Zedek synagogue when he arrived.

This is to ensure that Yom Kippur does not directly precede or follow Shabbat, which would create practical difficulties, and that Hoshana Rabbah is not on a Shabbat, in which case certain ceremonies would be lost for a year.

Hasidic Jews praying in the synagogue on Yom Kippur, by Maurycy Gottlieb

* When on an extended fast ( such as Ramadan, Lent, or Yom Kippur ) when basal requirements may be lower.

The first incident occurred on 21 February 1973, during a period of tension led to the Arab-Israeli Yom Kippur War in October that year, when Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 was shot down by Israeli F-4 jets over the Sinai Peninsula.

* The connection between the lack of an Islamic spirit and the lack of victory was underscored by the disastrous defeat of Arab nationalist-led armies fighting under the slogan " Land, Sea and Air " in the 1967 Six Day War, compared to the ( perceived ) near-victory of the Yom Kippur War six years later.

* Along with the Yom Kippur War came the Arab oil embargo where the ( Muslim ) Persian Gulf oil-producing states ' dramatic decision to cut back on production and quadruple the price of oil, made the terms oil, Arabs and Islam synonymous – with power – in the world, and especially in the Muslim world's public imagination.

Jews praying in a synagogue on Yom Kippur, from an 1878 painting by Maurycy Gottlieb

Rosh Hashanah marks the beginning of the 10-day period of atonement leading up to Yom Kippur, during which Jews are commanded to search their souls and make amends for sins committed, intentionally or not, throughout the year.

* Yom Kippur, (" Day of Atonement ") is the holiest day of the Jewish year.

Many non-religious Jews make a point of attending synagogue services and fasting on Yom Kippur.

On the eve of Yom Kippur, before candles are lit, a prefast meal, the " seuda mafseket ", is eaten.

Synagogue services on the eve of Yom Kippur begin with the Kol Nidre prayer.

It is customary to wear white on Yom Kippur, especially for Kol Nidre, and leather shoes are not worn.

( Yom Kippur, however, is referred to as yom tov – but has identical restrictions to Shabbat.

These terms are generally used to describe the rabbinic fasts, although tzom is used liturgically to refer to Yom Kippur as well.

* The English-language term High Holy Days ( or High holidays ) refers to Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur collectively.

The event is celebrated annually in Israel with a national holiday Yom Ha ' atzmaut (, lit.

Jerusalem Day (, Yom Yerushalayim ) is an Israeli national holiday commemorating the reunification of Jerusalem and the establishment of Israeli control over the Old City in June 1967.

Yom Hazikaron (, lit.

Land Day (, Yom al-Ard ;, Yom HaAdama ), March 30, is an annual day of commemoration for Palestinians of the events of that date in 1976.

The Ten Days of Repentance (, Aseret Yemei Teshuva ) are the first ten days of the Hebrew month of Tishrei, usually sometime in the month of September, beginning with the Jewish holiday of Rosh Hashanah and ending with the conclusion of Yom Kippur.

Kapparot (, Ashkenazi pronunciation, Kapporois, Kappores ) is a Jewish ritual practiced by some Jews on the eve of Yom Kippur.

According to oral tradition, Rosh Hashanah is the Day of Memorial or Remembrance ( יום הזכרון, Yom HaZikaron ), and the day of judgment ( יום הדין, Yom HaDin ).

* After the Maharal of Prague had initiated organised Mishnah study ( Chevrat ha-Mishnayoth ), Yomtov Lipman Heller ( who is often believed to be his pupil but came to Prague already as a mature scholar ) wrote a commentary called Tosafot Yom Tov.

The most important writers are Yose ben Yoseh, probably in the 6th century, chiefly known for his compositions for Yom Kippur ; Eleazar Kalir, the founder of the payyetanic style, perhaps in the 7th century ; Saadia Gaon ; and the Spanish school, consisting of Joseph ibn Abitur ( died in 970 ), ibn Gabirol, Isaac Gayyath, Moses ibn Ezra, Abraham ibn Ezra and Judah ha-Levi, Moses ben Nahman ( Nahmanides ) and Isaac Luria.

Among these are the commentaries of Nachmanides ( Ramban ), Solomon ben Adret ( Rashba ), Yom Tov of Seville ( Ritva ) and Nissim of Gerona ( Ran ).

Many Unitarian Universalist churches celebrate observances associated with other religious traditions, including Buddhist-style meditation groups, Jewish Seder, Yom Kipur and Passover dinners, iftaar meals ( marking the breaking of Ramadan fast for Muslims ), and Christmas Eve / Winter Solstice services.

Unlike a regular day, which has three prayer services ( Ma ' ariv, the evening prayer ; Shacharit, the morning prayer ; and Mincha, the afternoon prayer ), or a Shabbat or Yom Tov, which have four prayer services ( Ma ' ariv ; Shacharit ; Mussaf, the additional prayer ; and Mincha ), Yom Kippur has five prayer services ( Ma ' ariv ; Shacharit ; Musaf ; Mincha ; and Ne ' ilah, the closing prayer ).

In keeping with the requirement to repent on Yom Kippur, Jews recite the full Vidui a total of 10 times: 2 times during Mincha on Yom Kippur eve, and on Yom Kippur itself during Ma ' ariv ( 2 times ), Shacharit ( 2 times ), Musaf ( 2 times ), and Mincha ( 2 times ); at Ne ’ eilah, only the short confessional is said.

Pentecost is the old Greek and Latin name for the Jewish harvest festival, or Festival of Weeks ( Hebrew חג השבועות Hag haShavuot or Shevuot, literally " Festival of Weeks "), which can be found in the Hebrew Bible, Shavuot is called the Festival of Weeks ( Hebrew: חג השבועות, chag ha-Shavuot, Exodus 34: 22, Deuteronomy 16: 10 ); Festival of Reaping ( Hebrew: חג הקציר, chag ha-Katsir, Exodus 23: 16 ), and Day of the First Fruits ( Hebrew יום הביכורים, Yom ha-Bikkurim, Numbers 28: 26 ).

In Hebrew, the word Shabbat () can also mean "( Talmudic ) week ", so that in ritual liturgy a phrase like " Yom Reviʻi bəShabbat " means " the fourth day in the week ".

* Rosh Hashanah, ( also Yom Ha-Zikkaron or " Day of Remembrance ", and Yom Teruah, or " Day of the Sounding of the Shofar ").

It is also used to describe Hanukkah and Purim, as well as Yom Ha ' atzma ' ut ( Israeli Independence Day ) and Yom Yerushalayim ( Jerusalem Day ).

Yom Kippur is also unique among holidays as having work-related restrictions identical to those of Sabbath.

Although often regarded as the start of the Yom Kippur evening service – to such a degree that Erev Yom Kippur (" Yom Kippur Evening ") is often called " Kol Nidre " ( also spelled " Kol Nidrei ") – it is technically a separate tradition.

Many aspects of the day's customs also resemble those of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.

Yom HaShoah is also known as Holocaust Remembrance Day, and takes place on the 27th day of Nisan.

It also severed ties with Israel during the Yom Kippur War in 1973, but kept supporting the U. S. on the Vietnam War.

It has also published prayer books for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, most recently Mahzor Lev Shalem.

The RA has also published liturgical texts for other days on the Jewish calendar, such as Megillat Hashoah: The Holocaust Scroll for Yom Ha-shoah and Siddur Tishah B ’ Av for the fast day of Tishah B ’ Av.

Burial can also take place on the second day of Yom Tov in the Diaspora.

Yom Kippur is the tenth day of the month of Tishrei and also regarded as the “ Sabbath of Sabbaths ”.

The prayer services also include private and public confessions of sins ( Vidui ) and a unique prayer dedicated to the special Yom Kippur avodah ( service ) of the Kohen Gadol in the Holy Temple in Jerusalem.

There is also a commandment to repent on Yom Kippur.

The Yom Kippur confessional consists of two parts: a short confession beginning with the word Ashamnu ( אשמנו, " we have sinned "), which is a series of words describing sin arranged according to the aleph-bet, and a long confession, beginning with the words Al Cheyt ( על חטא, " for the sin "), which is a set of 26 double acrostics, also arranged according to the aleph-bet, enumerating a range of sins.

He also first merged his anti-Semitic views with anti-Israel actions when he attempted during the Yom Kippur War to force McDonnell-Douglas into canceling military contracts that sent armaments to Israel, by buying shares of the company's stock and putting forward the motion at the national shareholder's meeting.

The Israeli Chief Rabbinate also declared a religious holiday on the anniversary, called " Yom Yerushalayim " ( Jerusalem Day ), which also became a national holiday that commemorates the reunification of the city.

The town is also the place where Rabbi Yom Tov of Falaise, grandchild of Rashi held his rabbinical court.

Shofar blasts are also used during penitential rituals such as Yom Kippur Katan and optional prayer services called during times of communal distress.