fi: Zachris Topelius

# REDIRECT Zachris Topelius

The great men of 19th Century Finland, Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Johan Ludvig Runeberg, Elias Lönnrot and Zachris Topelius, were all involved in the activities of the University.

# REDIRECT Zachris Topelius

# REDIRECT Zachris Topelius

Joachim Zachris Duncker ( November 12, 1774 – July 6, 1809 ) was a Swedish soldier born in Ristiina in Savonia.

However, " he himself most often used the abbreviation Z. or the form Zachris, even in official contexts ", as explained in the National Biography of Finland.

Zachris is therefore the preferred form used in recent academic literature about him.

His subordinate officers were Colonel Fahlander, Major Malm and Major Joachim Zachris Duncker.

The original name of the Topelius family was the Finnish name Toppila which had been Latinized to Toppelius by the author's grandfather's grandfather and later changed to Topelius.

Topelius was born at Kuddnäs, near Nykarleby in Ostrobothnia, the son of a physician of the same name ( Zacharias Topelius the Elder ), who was distinguished as the earliest collector of Finnish folk-songs.

Topelius became a student at the Imperial Alexander University of Finland in 1833, received his master's degree degree in 1840, the Licentiate degree in 1844 and was made a doctor of philosophy in 1847, having defended a dissertation titled De modo matrimonia jungendi apud fennos quondam vigente (" About the custom of marriage among the ancient Finns ").

Through the intervention of a friend, Fredrik Cygnæus, Topelius was named professor extraordinary of the History of Finland at the University in 1854.

In 1878, Topelius was allowed to withdraw from his professional duties, but this did not sever his connection with the university ; it gave him, however, more leisure for his abundant and various literary enterprises.

Topelius initially thought of writing a trivial entertainment, but having heard extracts from the opera project at a concert in 1851, he realized that Pacius was writing a grand opera on the theme of salvation, following the early Romantic style of Carl Maria von Weber's Der Freischütz ( 1821 ) and Oberon ( 1826 ).

Topelius wrote the libretto in Swedish ( though it was translated later by others ), but its subject is emphatically Finnish.

Even before Topelius the natural beauty of the region was applauded by poets like Frans Mikael Franzén, Johan Jakob Nervander, Emil von Qvanten and Johan Ludvig Runeberg.

The libretto was written by the author and historian Zacharias Topelius in close collaboration with the composer.

Topelius aimed at the cultivation of a strong Finnish patriotism.

The landscapes of Kangasala impressed also other remarkable Finnish authors than just Topelius.

Topelius died in his manor house of Koivuniemi, in Sipoo, Finland, where he wrote his greatest works.

Topelius became fond with the views from the " Harjula's ridge " and wrote his famous poem A Summer's Day in Kangasala.

Topelius in a picture published in the Swedish periodical Svenska Familj-Journalen 1866.

* Works by Zacharias Topelius at Projekt Runeberg ( Swedish )

* Zacharias Topelius Skrifter ( In Swedish )

Of all the multifarious writings of Topelius, in prose and verse, that which has enjoyed the greatest popularity is his Tales of a Barber-Surgeon, episodes of historical fiction from the days of Gustavus II.

Also Zacharias Topelius had escaped the disease to the peaceful countryside.

Runeberg studied first in the cities of Vaasa and Oulu, later on at the Imperial Academy of Turku, where he befriended Johan Vilhelm Snellman and Zacharias Topelius.

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