In one experiment, the longer participants ( from both the UK and the South African Zulus ) held a painful skiing position, the more money or food was presented to a given relative.

Questions were also raised as to the validity of the documents signed by the Zulus concerning the Utrecht strip ; in 1869 the services of the lieutenant-governor of Natal, then Robert William Keate, were accepted by both parties as arbitrator, but the attempt then made to settle disagreements proved unsuccessful.

In 1868, the British annexed Basutoland in the Drakensberg Mountains ( modern Lesotho, surrounded by the Orange Free State and Natal ) following an appeal from Moshesh, the leader of a mixed group of African refugees from the Zulu wars, who sought British protection against both the Boers and the Zulus.

Further reports arrived to Pulleine during the early morning, each reporting movements, both large and small, of Zulus.

Although now attacked on both sides, Wood appreciated that the situation to the south was critical and ordered two companies to clear the Zulus off the glacis.

Thus, when the Zulus emerged from scrub and began their assault on the camp, they were taking heavy fire on both their flank and front of their force.

Yet the various forms of concertina survived in some areas: Anglo concertinas in Irish traditional music, the English and the Anglo in English Morris dancing, the Anglo in Africa, among Afrikaners ( see Boer music ) and Zulus ( who call it a " squashbox "), the Chemnitzer in the United States as a polka instrument, and the " bandoneón " in Argentina as a prominent part of the Tango tradition.

The Zulus were equipped mainly with the traditional assegai iron spears and cow-hide shields, but also had a number of muskets and old rifles though they were not formally trained in their use.

The film was compared by Baker to a Western movie, with the traditional roles of the United States Cavalry and Native Americans taken by the British and the Zulus respectively.

While the term " impi " has become synonymous with the Zulu nation in international popular culture, it appears in various video games such as Civilization III, Civilization IV: Warlords and Civilization: Revolution, where the Impi is the unique unit for the Zulu faction with Shaka as their leader and also as an appearance as unique unit of the Bantu nation in Rise of Nation ( Zulus are among many tribes who make up the Bantu people ).

It was also in accord with the desire of the Transvaal Boers to obtain a seaport, a desire which had led them as early as 1860 to negotiate with the Zulus for the possession of St Lucia Bay.

The British wall was too high for the Zulus to scale, so they resorted to crouching under the wall, trying to get hold of the defenders ' rifles, slashing at British soldiers with assegai or firing their weapons through the wall.

No attack materialized, as the Zulus had been on the move for six days prior to the battle and had not eaten properly for two.

Having witnessed the carnage at Isandlwana, the members of Chelmsford's relief force had no mercy for the captured, wounded Zulus they came across.

Lieutenant Horace Smith-Dorrien, a member of Chelmsford's staff, wrote that the day after the battle an improvised gallows was used " for hanging Zulus who were supposed to have behaved treacherously ".

* The band Carbon / Silicon recorded a track called " Acton Zulus " for their album, The Last Post.

Other parts of the world also have a tradition of ventriloquism for ritual or religious purposes ; the Zulus, Eskimo, and Māori are all adept at this practice.

While numerous Zulus of rival factions fled into Natal and some of the surrounding areas, Cetshwayo continued and maintained the peaceful relations with the Natal colonists that had prevailed for decades.

The stream was very low, and ran under the Zulu bank, but they were on this side of it, and had not crossed when they were surrounded by a body of 15 or 20 armed Zulus, made prisoners, and taken off with their horses, which were on the Natal side of the river, and roughly treated and threatened for some time ; though, ultimately, at the instance of a headman who came up, they were released and allowed to depart.

The representations made by Lord Chelmsford and yourself last autumn as to the urgent need of strengthening Her Majesty's forces in South Africa were based upon the imminent danger of an invasion of Natal by the Zulus, and the inadequate means at that time at your disposal for meeting it.

Britain's worst offence during the war, was not only the genocide of the Boers, but the arming and training of the Zulus in the neighbouring countries, and paid the Zulus with goods for any attacks made on the homes of the Boers.

Various locals ( including Paul Kruger ) who from personal experience had great respect for the military capabilities of the Zulus stressed the need for caution, and in particular strongly advocated defensive tactics such as concentrating firepower from fortified strongpoints such as wagons drawn into a circle ( laagers ) as the Boers had done at The Battle of Blood River.

During his time in South Africa, Haggard developed an intense hatred for the Boers, but also came to admire the Zulus.

Buthelezi used a structure rooted in Inkatha ( meaning " crown " in Zulu ), a 1920s cultural organisation for Zulus established by Zulu King Solomon kaDinuzulu.

The Trekker belief that God was for South Africa, originates from the 9-16 December 1838 vow of Trekker leader Andries Pretorius at Danskraal, who at around the same time made military and political alliances with Christian Zulus like prince Mpande.

The battle was a crushing victory for the Zulus and caused the defeat of the first British invasion of Zululand.

The failure to secure an effective defensive position, the poor intelligence on the location of the main Zulu army, Chelmsford's decision to split his force in half, and the Zulus ' tactical exploitation of the terrain and the weaknesses in the British formation, all combined to prove catastrophic for the troops at Isandlwana.

The Zulus had lost around 1, 000 killed, with various unconfirmed estimates for their wounded.

The primary reason for the Zulu victory is that the Zulus, unlike the British, kept their main fighting force concentrated.

Simply put, the Zulus had completely outmanoeuvred Chelmsford, and their victory at Isandlwana wrecked the British invasion of Zululand until a far larger British army could be shipped to South Africa for a second invasion.

The lack of ammunition caused a lull in the defence and, in subsequent engagements with the Zulus, ammunition boxes were unscrewed in advance for rapid distribution.

Sir Theophilus Shepstone in his capacity as British governor of Natal had his own concerns about the expansion of the Zulu army under King Cetshwayo and the potential threat to Natal especially given the adoption by the Zulus of muskets and other modern weapons.

Between 1812 and 1840, representatives of the ABCFM went to the following people and places: Tennessee to the Cherokee people, India ( the Bombay area ), northern Ceylon ( modern day Sri Lanka ), the Sandwich Islands ( Hawaii ); east Asia: China, Singapore and Siam ( Thailand ); the Middle East: ( Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Syria, the Holy Land and Persia ( Iran )); and Africa: Western Africa — Cape Palmas — and Southern Africa — among the Zulus ).

* The Battle of Isandlwana, the first battle in the Anglo-Zulu War, turned into close combat when the British exhausted their ammunition and resulted in a decisive victory of Zulus over the modern British army.

After being driven from the eastern region of what is now South Africa, near modern Swaziland, by the Zulus during the Mfecane, Zwangendaba led his people, then called the " Jere ", on a migration of more than 1000 miles lasting more than twenty years.

Though the present aspect of affairs is menacing in a high degree, I can by no means arrive at the conclusion that war with the Zulus should be unavoidable, and I am confident that you, in concert with Sir H. Bulwer, will use every effort to overcome the existing difficulties by judgment and forbearance, and to avoid an evil so much to be deprecated as a Zulu war.

Shepstone's influence with the Zulus was made use of by the Natal government ; in 1861 he visited Zululand and obtained from Mpande a public recognition of Cetshwayo as his successor.

* 1879 – Cetshwayo, last king of the Zulus, is captured by the British.

Likewise, the Zulus in the early 19th century were victorious in battles against their rivals in part because they adopted a new kind of spear, the iklwa.

Charles Louis Napoléon ( 1808 – 1873 ), son of Louis Napoléon, was president of France in 1848 – 1852 and emperor in 1852 – 1870, reigning as Napoléon III ; his son, Eugène Bonaparte ( 1856 – 1879 ), styled the Prince Imperial, died fighting the Zulus in Natal, South Africa.

* 1838 – Weenen massacre: Hundreds of Voortrekkers along the Blaukraans River, Natal are killed by Zulus.

As early as Shaka's reign small numbers of firearms, often obsolete muskets and rifles, were obtained by the Zulus from Europeans by trade.

In the aftermath of the defeat of the British at the Battle of Isandlwana many Martini-Henry rifles were captured by the Zulus together with considerable amounts of ammunition.

In addition, significant numbers of the Tongas live in the north ; Ngonis -- an offshoot of the Zulus who came from South Africa in the early 19th century — live in the lower northern and lower central regions ; and the Yao, who are mostly Muslim, predominate in the Southern Region of the country and live in a wide band from Blantyre and Zomba north to Lake Malawi and east to the border with Mozambique.

* 1879 – Anglo-Zulu War: Battle of Kambula: British forces defeat 20, 000 Zulus.

The elder Pretorius had become a national hero of the Voortrekkers after his victory over the Zulus in the Battle of Blood River.

The majority of Swaziland's population is ethnic Swazi, mixed with a small number of Zulus and white Africans, mostly whites of British and Afrikaner descent.

That commandant had in March 1838 gone to Natal, and had endeavoured to avenge the massacre of Piet Retief and his comrades by the Zulus.

Because of his background as a soldier, Shaka taught the Zulus that the most effective way of becoming powerful quickly was by conquering and controlling other tribes.

Later in the 19th century the Zulus would be one of the few African peoples who managed to defeat the British Army ; at the Battle of Isandlwana.

Furthermore, Zulus under Shaka sometimes advanced more slowly.

Some groups which moved off ( like the Hlubi and Ngwane to the north of the Zulus ) could have been impelled by the Ndwandwe, not the Zulu.

Armed conflict, first with the Ndebele people under Mzilikazi in the area which was to become the Transvaal, then against the Zulus under Dingane, went the Voortrekkers ' way, mostly because of their tactics, their horsemanship and the effectiveness of their muzzle-loading guns.

* March 29 – Anglo-Zulu War – Battle of Kambula: British forces defeat 20, 000 Zulus.

* December 16 – The Boers win a decisive victory over the Zulus in the Battle of Blood River.

As they were preparing to leave, about 40 Zulus fired upon them and rushed toward them screaming.

He leapt up, drawing his revolver with his left hand, and started to run-but the Zulus could run faster.

Lt. Carey and the four men remaining came together about fifty yards from where the Prince made his final stand — but not a single shot did they fire at the Zulus.